The Sales Tax Rate in South Africa stands at 15 percent. Sales Tax Rate in South Africa averaged 14.14 percent from 2006 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 15 percent in 2018 and a record low of 14 percent in 2007. In South Africa, the sales tax rate is a tax charged to consumers based on the purchase price of certain goods and services. The benchmark we use for the sales tax rate refers to the highest rate. Revenues from the Sales Tax Rate are an important source of income for the government of South Africa. This page provides - South Africa Sales Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Social Security Rate in South Africa stands at 2 percent. Social Security Rate in South Africa averaged 2.75 percent from 2004 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 3 percent in 2005 and a record low of 2 percent in 2016. In South Africa, the Social Security Rate is a tax related with labor income charged to both companies and employees. Revenues from the Social Security Rate are an important source of income for the government of South Africa because they help to pay for many social programs including welfare, health care and many other benefits. This page provides - South Africa Social Security Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Social Security Rate in South Korea stands at 18.94 percent. Social Security Rate in South Korea averaged 17.42 percent from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 18.94 percent in 2020 and a record low of 15.30 percent in 2002. In South Korea, the Social Security Rate is a tax related with labor income charged to both companies and employees. Revenues from the Social Security Rate are an important source of income for the government of South Korea because they help to pay for many social programs including welfare, health care and many other benefits. This page provides - South Korea Social Security Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Steel Production in South Africa decreased to 300 Thousand Tonnes in March from 370 Thousand Tonnes in February of 2020. Steel Production in South Africa averaged 674.69 Thousand Tonnes from 1980 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 885 Thousand Tonnes in August of 2008 and a record low of 182 Thousand Tonnes in December of 2008. This page has Steel Production values for South Africa.

Steel Production in South Korea increased to 5776.08 Thousand Tonnes in March from 5380 Thousand Tonnes in February of 2020. Steel Production in South Korea averaged 3446.89 Thousand Tonnes from 1980 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6405.68 Thousand Tonnes in March of 2014 and a record low of 650 Thousand Tonnes in February of 1980. This page has Steel Production values for South Korea.

South Africa recorded a Current Account deficit of 68069 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019. Current Account in South Africa averaged -31954.47 ZAR Million from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 15627 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2002 and a record low of -246452 ZAR Million in the third quarter of 2013. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Current Account - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

South Korea recorded a Current Account surplus of 6230 USD Million in March of 2020. Current Account in South Korea averaged 1653.49 USD Million from 1900 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12409.70 USD Million in June of 2016 and a record low of -3845 USD Million in August of 2008. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). This page provides the latest reported value for - South Korea Current Account - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

New Orders in South Korea increased to 6856782 KRW Million in March from 6469615 KRW Million in February of 2020. New Orders in South Korea averaged 3714088.69 KRW Million from 1979 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 14895263 KRW Million in May of 2007 and a record low of 93961 KRW Million in September of 1980. In South Korea, because new orders heavily affect business confidence they are a leading indicator for growth in gross domsestic product. This page provides - South Korea New Orders - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government spending in South Korea was last recorded at 30.3 percent of GDP in 2017 . Government Spending To GDP in South Korea averaged 25.02 percent from 1970 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 34.90 percent in 2009 and a record low of 18.60 percent in 1973. This page provides - South Korea Government Spending To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Coincident Index in South Korea decreased to 112.10 points in March from 113.30 points in February of 2020. Coincident Index in South Korea averaged 47.40 points from 1970 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 113.80 points in January of 2020 and a record low of 4.30 points in February of 1970. The Coincident index is a composite index of business indicators. It consists of the following components: amount of Labour Input, Industrial Production Index, Operation Ratio Index (Mfg.), Producers Shipment Index, Electric Power Consumption (Mfg.), Wholesale and Retail Sale Index, - Producers Shipment Index (Non-durable Consumer Goods), Domestic Cement Consumption, Exports, Imports. This page provides - South Korea Coincident Index- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Coincident Index in South Africa decreased to 77.80 points in April from 89.90 points in March of 2020. Coincident Index in South Africa averaged 108.31 points from 1985 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 141.17 points in December of 2006 and a record low of 77.80 points in April of 2020. In South Africa, the SACCI Business Confidence Index reflects the neutral sentiment in the market place, as it captures the prevailing business climate and what businesses are experiencing. The index is composed by thirteen sub-indices, including energy supply, manufacturing, exports, imports, vehicle and retail sales, construction, inflation, share prices, private sector borrowing, financing cost, precious metal prices and exchange rate. This page provides - South Africa SACCI Business Confidence Index- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

South Korea Liquidity Adjustment Loans Rate was at 1.75 percent on Friday May 8. Lending Rate in South Korea averaged 2.22 percent from 2019 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2.50 percent in August of 2019 and a record low of 1.75 percent in March of 2020. This page provides - South Korea Liquidity Adjustment Loans Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Labour Costs in South Africa decreased to 160.50 points in the third quarter of 2019 from 161.10 points in the second quarter of 2019. Labour Costs in South Africa averaged 47.35 points from 1970 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 161.10 points in the second quarter of 2019 and a record low of 1 points in the first quarter of 1970. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Labour Costs - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Labour Costs in South Korea decreased to 101.50 points in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 111.40 points in the third quarter of 2019. Labour Costs in South Korea averaged 91.37 points from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 129.90 points in the first quarter of 2019 and a record low of 69 points in the second quarter of 2010. This page provides - South Korea Labour Costs - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Revenues in South Africa decreased to 139465 ZAR Million in March from 144778 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Government Revenues in South Africa averaged 21793.93 ZAR Million from 1960 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 160730 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 36 ZAR Million in June of 1961. Government Revenues refer to all receipts the government gets, including taxes, custom duties, revenue from state-owned enterprises, capital revenues and foreign aid. Government Revenues are part of government budget balance calculation. This page provides - South Africa Government Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Revenues in South Korea increased to 111402 KRW Billion in March from 73056 KRW Billion in February of 2020. Government Revenues in South Korea averaged 150042.02 KRW Billion from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 438262 KRW Billion in December of 2018 and a record low of 14987 KRW Billion in January of 2000. Government Revenues refer to all receipts the government gets, including taxes, custom duties, revenue from state-owned enterprises, capital revenues and foreign aid. Government Revenues are part of government budget balance calculation. This page provides - South Korea Government Revenues- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Gross Fixed Capital Formation in South Africa decreased to 597190 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 613639.90 ZAR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in South Africa averaged 304449.03 ZAR Million from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 644549 ZAR Million in the third quarter of 2015 and a record low of 73065 ZAR Million in the second quarter of 1962. This page provides - South Africa Gross Fixed Capital Formation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Gross Fixed Capital Formation in South Korea increased to 136891.30 KRW Billion in the first quarter of 2020 from 134629.40 KRW Billion in the fourth quarter of 2019. Gross Fixed Capital Formation in South Korea averaged 50009.26 KRW Billion from 1960 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 143486.50 KRW Billion in the first quarter of 2018 and a record low of 359.12 KRW Billion in the fourth quarter of 1960. This page provides - South Korea Gross Fixed Capital Formation - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Foreign Direct Investment in South Africa increased by 10528 ZAR Billion in the fourth quarter of 2019. Foreign Direct Investment in South Africa averaged 5844.59 ZAR Billion from 1985 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 52712 ZAR Billion in the second quarter of 2001 and a record low of -13910 ZAR Billion in the first quarter of 2015. This page provides - South Africa Foreign Direct Investment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Foreign Direct Investment in South Korea increased by 3275220 USD Thousand in the first quarter of 2020. Foreign Direct Investment in South Korea averaged 1533445.76 USD Thousand from 1962 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 10820073 USD Thousand in the second quarter of 2018 and a record low of 0 USD Thousand in the fourth quarter of 1962. This page provides - South Korea Foreign Direct Investment - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Gasoline Prices in South Africa decreased to 0.74 USD/Liter in April from 0.90 USD/Liter in March of 2020. Gasoline Prices in South Africa averaged 1.06 USD/Liter from 1992 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1.44 USD/Liter in March of 2013 and a record low of 0.43 USD/Liter in December of 1998. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Gasoline Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Gasoline Prices in South Korea decreased to 1.04 USD/Liter in April from 1.16 USD/Liter in March of 2020. Gasoline Prices in South Korea averaged 1.41 USD/Liter from 1990 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1.84 USD/Liter in June of 2014 and a record low of 0.54 USD/Liter in December of 1990. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Korea Gasoline Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

South Africa recorded a Current Account deficit of 3 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Current Account to GDP in South Africa averaged -1.64 percent from 1963 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 6 percent in 1987 and a record low of -7.50 percent in 1971. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - South Africa Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

South Korea recorded a Current Account surplus of 3.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Current Account to GDP in South Korea averaged 1.25 percent from 1980 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 10.70 percent in 1998 and a record low of -10.50 percent in 1980. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - South Korea Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Disposable Personal Income in South Korea increased to 1925872.90 KRW Billion in 2019 from 1890779.40 KRW Billion in 2018. Disposable Personal Income in South Korea averaged 609739.06 KRW Billion from 1970 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1925872.90 KRW Billion in 2019 and a record low of 2866.70 KRW Billion in 1970. This page provides - South Korea Total Households Disposable Income - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Disposable Personal Income in South Africa increased to 3110292 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 3068290 ZAR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Disposable Personal Income in South Africa averaged 633516.18 ZAR Million from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 3110292 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 3520 ZAR Million in the second quarter of 1960. This page provides - South Africa Disposable Personal Income - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Retail Sales in South Korea decreased 8 percent in March of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Retail Sales YoY in South Korea averaged 3.82 percent from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 20.20 percent in May of 2000 and a record low of -21.50 percent in July of 1998. In South Korea, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago. . This page provides - South Korea Retail Sales YoY - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Retail Sales in South Africa increased 1.20 percent in January of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Retail Sales YoY in South Africa averaged 4.30 percent from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 15.50 percent in September of 2006 and a record low of -6.30 percent in April of 2009. In South Africa, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago. This page provides - South Africa Retail Sales YoY - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Fiscal Expenditure in South Africa decreased to 142046 ZAR Million in March from 148411 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Fiscal Expenditure in South Africa averaged 24883.83 ZAR Million from 1960 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 182477 ZAR Million in July of 2019 and a record low of 46 ZAR Million in February of 1960. Fiscal expenditure refers to the sum of government expenses, including spending on goods and services, investment and transfer payments like social security and unemployment benefits. Fiscal expenditure are part of government budget balance calculation. This page provides - South Africa Fiscal Expenditure- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Fiscal Expenditure in South Korea increased to 156693 KRW Billion in March from 99305 KRW Billion in February of 2020. Fiscal Expenditure in South Korea averaged 145074.05 KRW Billion from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 417525 KRW Billion in November of 2019 and a record low of 7012 KRW Billion in January of 2002. Fiscal expenditure refers to the sum of government expenses, including spending on goods and services, investment and transfer payments like social security and unemployment benefits. Fiscal expenditure are part of government budget balance calculation. This page provides - South Korea Fiscal Expenditure- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports from South Koreap in Australia remained unchanged at 0 AUD Million in March from 0 AUD Million in February of 2020. Imports from South Koreap in Australia averaged 0.31 AUD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 15 AUD Million in November of 2002 and a record low of 0 AUD Million in February of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Australia Imports from Korea, Dem People's Rep.

Imports from South Korea in Australia increased to 909543.98 AUD THO in March from 698342.90 AUD THO in February of 2020. Imports from South Korea in Australia averaged 518207.22 AUD THO from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9274871.21 AUD THO in July of 2017 and a record low of 74000 AUD THO in March of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Australia Imports from Korea, Republic Of.

Imports from South Africa in Australia increased to 84547.10 AUD THO in March from 62067.12 AUD THO in February of 2020. Imports from South Africa in Australia averaged 67336.57 AUD THO from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 170053.52 AUD THO in September of 2015 and a record low of 4000 AUD THO in February of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Australia Imports from South Africa.

Retail Sales in South Korea decreased 1 percent in March of 2020 over the previous month. Retail Sales MoM in South Korea averaged 0.27 percent from 1995 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5.50 percent in December of 1995 and a record low of -12.50 percent in January of 1998. In South Korea, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In South Korea, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Korea Retail Sales MoM - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Retail Sales in South Africa increased 0.90 percent in January of 2020 over the previous month. Retail Sales MoM in South Africa averaged 0.33 percent from 2002 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3.90 percent in April of 2011 and a record low of -4.80 percent in December of 2018. In South Africa, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In South Africa, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy. This page provides - South Africa Retail Sales MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports from South Korea in China decreased to 13534200 USD THO in April from 14515400 USD THO in March of 2020. Imports from South Korea in China averaged 15084558.78 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 24129600 USD THO in February of 2020 and a record low of 10352107 USD THO in February of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for China Imports - South Korea.

Imports from South Africa in China decreased to 1363100 USD THO in April from 1783900 USD THO in March of 2020. Imports from South Africa in China averaged 2370176.78 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5554385 USD THO in November of 2014 and a record low of 988132 USD THO in February of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for China Imports - South Africa.

Exports to South Africa in China increased to 1095400 USD THO in April from 1052700 USD THO in March of 2020. Exports to South Africa in China averaged 1283151.76 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1880500 USD THO in February of 2020 and a record low of 599790 USD THO in February of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for China Exports - South Africa.

Exports to South Korea in New Zealand increased to 189.14 NZD Million in March from 132.39 NZD Million in February of 2020. Exports to South Korea in New Zealand averaged 1650.78 NZD Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 109196 NZD Million in April of 2014 and a record low of 88.46 NZD Million in September of 2017. This page includes a chart with historical data for New Zealand Exports to Korea.

Central Bank Balance Sheet in South Korea increased to 502912.20 KRW Billion in February from 491486.80 KRW Billion in January of 2020. Central Bank Balance Sheet in South Korea averaged 162556.15 KRW Billion from 1970 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 510090.10 KRW Billion in June of 2015 and a record low of 310.30 KRW Billion in January of 1970. This page provides - South Korea Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Central Bank Balance Sheet in South Africa increased to 1066023 ZAR Million in April from 1061216 ZAR Million in March of 2020. Central Bank Balance Sheet in South Africa averaged 152362.67 ZAR Million from 1964 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1066023 ZAR Million in April of 2020 and a record low of 543 ZAR Million in October of 1965. This page provides - South Africa Central Bank Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cement Production in South Korea decreased to 5221 Thousands of Tonnes in December from 5825 Thousands of Tonnes in November of 2017. Cement Production in South Korea averaged 4588.68 Thousands of Tonnes from 1995 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 6134 Thousands of Tonnes in October of 2003 and a record low of 1726 Thousands of Tonnes in January of 2001. This page provides - South Korea Cement Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The stocks of goods held by firms in South Africa decreased by 40330 ZAR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019. Changes in Inventories in South Africa averaged 6936.62 ZAR Million from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 66699 ZAR Million in the first quarter of 2015 and a record low of -59774 ZAR Million in the third quarter of 1979. In South Africa, changes in inventories are often a leading indicator for the overall performance of the economy. This page provides - South Africa Changes in Inventories - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The stocks of goods held by firms in South Korea increased by 5557.80 KRW Billion in the first quarter of 2020. Changes in Inventories in South Korea averaged 1981.22 KRW Billion from 1960 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12981.70 KRW Billion in the second quarter of 2011 and a record low of -9865.30 KRW Billion in the first quarter of 1998. In South Korea, changes in inventories are often a leading indicator for the overall performance of the economy. This page provides - South Korea Changes in Inventories - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

South Africa Three Month Interbank Rate was at 4.54 percent on Friday May 8. Interbank Rate in South Africa averaged 8.15 percent from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 16.96 percent in February of 1999 and a record low of 4.54 percent in May of 2020. In South Africa, the interbank rate is the rate of interest charged on short-term loans made between banks. This page provides - South Africa Interbank Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

South Korea Three Month Interbank Rate was at 1.01 percent on Friday May 8. Interbank Rate in South Korea averaged 2.90 percent from 2004 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6.14 percent in October of 2008 and a record low of 1.01 percent in April of 2020. In South Korea, the interbank rate is the rate of interest charged on short-term loans made between banks. This page provides - South Korea Overnight Interbank Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cost of food in South Africa increased 4.40 percent in March of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Food Inflation in South Africa averaged 6.17 percent from 2009 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 15.60 percent in February of 2009 and a record low of 0.60 percent in June of 2010. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Food Inflation - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Cost of food in South Korea increased 2.60 percent in March of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Food Inflation in South Korea averaged 116.11 percent from 1970 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6434.02 percent in January of 1985 and a record low of -4.50 percent in February of 1987. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Korea Food Inflation - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The benchmark interest rate in South Africa was last recorded at 4.25 percent. Interest Rate in South Africa averaged 12.38 percent from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 23.99 percent in June of 1998 and a record low of 4.25 percent in April of 2020. In South Africa, the interest rates decisions are taken by the South African Reserve Bank’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). The official interest rate is the repo rate. This is the rate at which central banks lend or discount eligible paper for deposit money banks, typically shown on an end-of-period basis. This page provides - South Africa Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The benchmark interest rate in South Korea was last recorded at 0.75 percent. Interest Rate in South Korea averaged 3.08 percent from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5.25 percent in October of 2000 and a record low of 0.75 percent in March of 2020. In South Korea the interest rates decisions are taken by the Bank of Korea’s (BOK) Monetary Policy Committee. The official interest rate is the Bank of Korea Base Rate which was changed from overnight call rate on March 2008. This page provides - South Korea Interest Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.