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Cells and Molecules Underpinning Cannabis-Related Variations in Cortical Thickness during Adolescence

During adolescence, cannabis experimentation is common, and its association with interindividual variations in brain maturation well studied. Cellular and molecular underpinnings of these system-level relationships are, however, unclear. We thus conducted a three-step study. First, we exposed adolescent male mice to -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or a synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 (WIN) and assessed differentially expressed genes (DEGs), spine numbers, and dendritic complexity in their frontal cortex. Second, in human (male) adolescents, we examined group differences in cortical thickness in 34 brain regions, using magnetic resonance imaging, between those who experimented with cannabis before age 16 (n = 140) and those who did not (n = 327). Finally, we correlated spatially these group differences with gene expression of human homologs of mouse-identified DEGs. The spatial expression of 13 THC-related human homologs of DEGs correlated with cannabis-related variations in cortical thickness, and virtual histology revealed coexpression patterns of these 13 genes with cell-specific markers of astrocytes, microglia, and a type of pyramidal cells enriched in dendrite-regulating genes. Similarly, the spatial expression of 18 WIN-related human homologs of DEGs correlated with group differences in cortical thickness and showed coexpression patterns with the same three cell types. Gene ontology analysis indicated that 37 THC-related human homologs are enriched in neuron projection development, while 33 WIN-related homologs are enriched in processes associated with learning and memory. In mice, we observed spine loss and lower dendritic complexity in pyramidal cells of THC-exposed animals (vs controls). Experimentation with cannabis during adolescence may influence cortical thickness by impacting glutamatergic synapses and dendritic arborization.




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Glucocorticoids Rapidly Modulate CaV1.2-Mediated Calcium Signals through Kv2.1 Channel Clusters in Hippocampal Neurons

The precise regulation of Ca2+ signals plays a crucial role in the physiological functions of neurons. Here, we investigated the rapid effect of glucocorticoids on Ca2+ signals in cultured hippocampal neurons from both female and male rats. In cultured hippocampal neurons, glucocorticoids inhibited the spontaneous somatic Ca2+ spikes generated by Kv2.1-organized Ca2+ microdomains. Furthermore, glucocorticoids rapidly reduced the cell surface expressions of Kv2.1 and CaV1.2 channels in hippocampal neurons. In HEK293 cells transfected with Kv2.1 alone, glucocorticoids significantly reduced the surface expression of Kv2.1 with little effect on K+ currents. In HEK293 cells transfected with CaV1.2 alone, glucocorticoids inhibited CaV1.2 currents but had no effect on the cell surface expression of CaV1.2. Notably, in the presence of wild-type Kv2.1, glucocorticoids caused a decrease in the surface expression of CaV1.2 channels in HEK293 cells. However, this effect was not observed in the presence of nonclustering Kv2.1S586A mutant channels. Live-cell imaging showed that glucocorticoids rapidly decreased Kv2.1 clusters on the plasma membrane. Correspondingly, Western blot results indicated a significant increase in the cytoplasmic level of Kv2.1, suggesting the endocytosis of Kv2.1 clusters. Glucocorticoids rapidly decreased the intracellular cAMP concentration and the phosphorylation level of PKA in hippocampal neurons. The PKA inhibitor H89 mimicked the effect of glucocorticoids on Kv2.1, while the PKA agonist forskolin abrogated the effect. In conclusion, glucocorticoids rapidly suppress CaV1.2-mediated Ca2+ signals in hippocampal neurons by promoting the endocytosis of Kv2.1 channel clusters through reducing PKA activity.




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High-level event commemorating the Fifth Anniversary of the Paris Agreement

On the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the Paris Agreement, the event will highlight the key role of the agricultural sectors in supporting the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement, [...]




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Annual Report on Private Sector Engagement, 2021

This newly-released report highlights the progress made since FAO’s Strategy for Private Sector Engagement 2021-2025 was approved during the 165th session of the Council in December 2020. It discusses important [...]




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Candidates for the post of FAO Director-General announced

FAO member nations to choose head of the UN specialized agency in July during the 43rd session of the FAO Conference




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Annual Report on Private Sector Engagement 2022 out now

This newly-released annual report charts progress in FAO's work with the private sector in 2022. It highlights developments across FAO's portfolio of private sector engagements, documents major achievements and lessons learned [...]




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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) launches its new Annual and Monthly Funding Overview websites

Rome – The newly released Annual Report for 2020, 2021 and 2022 raises the visibility of the Organization's Resource Partners, including FAO Members, international financial institutions (IFIs), United Nations entities, [...]




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Annual Report on Private Sector Engagement 2022

This annual report charts progress in FAO's work with the private sector in 2022. It highlights developments across FAO's portfolio of private sector engagements, documents major achievements and lessons [...]




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In his International Youth Day 2023 message, QU Dongyu announces the establishment of FAO's new Office for Youth and Women

The FAO Director-General today issued the following message on the occasion of International Youth Day 2023:

Full Article



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Pioneering Video Artist Peter Campus Presents His Version of the Star-Spangled Banner




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The Smithsonian Channel Commemorates the 50th Anniversary of the Wilderness Act

Aerial America: Wilderness premieres Sunday, Sept. 7 at 9PM ET/PT




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Matt Mahurin's Vision of the Star-Spangled Banner




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Scanning the Worlds Greatest Violins

In between trips to archaeology digs around the world, scientist Bruno Frohlich uses 3-D imaging to uncover what makes a great stringed instrument. Read more at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/scanning-a-stradivarius-13807009/




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To the Moon and Back: Apollo 11 Celebrates its 40th Anniversary

Sending a man to the moon required an overhaul of the entire space program, involving more powerful rockets and new spacecraft (Video: Lauren Hogan, Beth Py-Lieberman, Brian Wolly)




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The Descendants: Deanna Stanford Walz as Harriet Tubman

Smithsonian magazine commissioned Drew Gardner for a project that connects Black Americans today to their lost ancestry. Read about Gardner’s project and process, as well as more details about the subjects of this incredible series here: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/descendants-black-civil-war-heroes-wear-heritage-pride-180983397/ Video produced by Sierra Theobald. Special thanks to Drew Gardner Additional credits: Emma MacBeath, WikiTree US Black Heritage project; Ottawa Goodman, research and coordinator; Sam Dole, Penumbra Foundation; Elizabeth Zuck, set design; Calvin Osbourne, props and costume; Angela Huff, hair and make up; Diego Huerta, Lexia Krebs, behind-the-scenes filming; background prints by Fujifilm USA




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Announcing the Winners of the 21st Annual Smithsonian Magazine Photo Contest

After reviewing more than 30,000 photos, the editors of Smithsonian magazine are proud to announce the winning submissions. Learn more about the finalists and winners of 2024 here: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/see-winners-21st-annual-smithsonian-magazine-photo-contest-180984001/. --- For more videos from Smithsonian Magazine: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/videos/ Digital Editorial Director: Brian Wolly Supervising Producer & Scriptwriter: Michelle Mehrtens Video Editor: Sierra Theobald




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Fannie Lou Hamer Risked Her Life for the Right to Vote

Fannie Lou Hamer, a voting rights activist, suffered unspeakable violence and intimidation at the hands of white supremacists and police. Her response: to elevate her cause by launching a long-shot campaign for the U.S. Senate




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A Brief History of Book Banning in America

Book-banning might seem like a relic of less enlightened times, but the practice is back in a big way. The American Library Association reports (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/american-library-association-names-2022s-most-banned-books-180982048/) that 2022 saw more attempts to have books removed from public libraries than in any prior year this century — indeed, it documented more than twice as many attempted bans in 2022 than in 2021. In schools, attempts to keep certain books out of the hands of students have been even more aggressive and draconian. What’s new about these efforts is the subject that binds the most-challenged titles: Most of them address themes of LGBT+ identity or gender expression. In this episode, we talk with journalist Colleen Connolly about Thomas Morton’s New English Canaan, the first book ever to be suppressed in North America. What did the Puritans find so threatening about it, and how has this book echoed through subsequent centuries? Then we’re joined by Dr. Carla Hayden, Librarian of Congress, for a wide-ranging conversation about the history of book bans in the United States, how a resurgent wave of book bans in many states differs from those of prior eras, and why organized attempts to prevent specific people from reading specific books usually fail. A transcript of this episode can be found here (http://smithsonianmag.com/history/a-brief-history-of-banned-books-in-america-180983011) . Read Colleen’s Smithsonian story about New English Canaan here (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-americas-first-banned-book-survived-and-became-an-anti-authoritarian-icon-180982971/) . Find prior episodes of our show here (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/podcast/) . There’s More to That is a production of Smithsonian magazine and PRX Productions. From the magazine, our team is Chris Klimek, Debra Rosenberg and Brian Wolly. From PRX, our team is Jessica Miller, Adriana Rosas Rivera, Genevieve Sponsler, Terence Bernardo, and Edwin Ochoa. The Executive Producer of PRX Productions is Jocelyn Gonzales. Fact-checking by Stephanie Abramson. Episode artwork by Emily Lankiewicz. Music by APM Music.




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Ask Smithsonian: Do Cannibals Still Exist?

Hungry for an answer? Host, Eric Schulze, dishes one up in less than a minute.




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Meet the Grand Prize Winner of the 21st Annual Smithsonian Magazine Photo Contest

After reviewing more than 30,000 photos, the editors of Smithsonian Magazine are proud to announce the Grand Prize Winner. #shorts




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3-D Scanning: Bringing History Back to Life

More on 3D scanning: http://j.mp/JM43KD Specialists are using new technology to unravel a mystery in the Smithsonian collections.




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Anne Kelly Knowles Uses GIS Tools to Re-Write History

The American Ingenuity Award winner is using geographic information systems to map history's most iconic landscapes




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Erin Brockovich Congratulates Marc Edwards & LeeAnne Walters | Smithsonian American Ingenuity Awards

“Superman isn’t coming. It is a moment in our time when we must look to ourselves, and not take for granted or wait for something from the top to come down, but rather…pick up the torch, carry the torch, to find information and the truth…” – Erin Brockovich applauds Marc Edwards and LeeAnne Walters for their work exposing the Flint water crisis | Smithsonian Magazine American #IngenuityAwards Read more about Edwards and Walters’ work: http://smithmag.co/D4dIHy The Smithsonian has been celebrating innovation in American culture for more than 150 years, and following in this tradition, Smithsonian magazine presents the American Ingenuity Awards, honoring revolutionary breakthroughs in the arts and sciences, education and social progress. http://smithmag.co/R7hyRO




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DNA Reveals Identity of Officer on the Lost Franklin Expedition—and His Remains Show Signs of Cannibalism

Researchers recently identified James Fitzjames, a captain on the ill-fated HMS Erebus that went looking for the Northwest Passage in 1845




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Minnesota Teacher's 2,471-Pound Gourd Triumphs in Annual Pumpkin-Weighing Competition

Travis Gienger, who nicknamed his prize-winning pumpkin "Rudy," has been growing gourds for nearly 30 years




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Walk Through a Full-Scale Replica of the Secret Annex Where Anne Frank's Family Took Shelter During the Holocaust

Featuring more than 100 original artifacts, a new immersive exhibition in New York City will explore the young Jewish diarist's life and legacy




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Images of the Star-Spangled Banner from Across the Country

See images of the American flag captured by our readers.




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Announcing the Finalists of the 12th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest

See the finalists of our 2014 photo contest and vote for the Readers' Choice winner




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This veteran started a workshop in his garage to help others channel PTSD into art

Dominic April fell in love with forging after his career in the military came to an end in 2015. Now operating a blacksmith studio near Quebec City, he hopes to help other veterans dealing with PTSD find creativity and purpose.



  • News/Canada/Montreal

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How Spam Went from Canned Necessity to American Icon

Out-of-the-can branding helped transform World War II's rations into a beloved household staple




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New schools planned for P.E.I. are an investment in youth, says head of Public Schools Branch

Public Schools Branch director Tracy Beaulieu speaks with CBC News: Compass host Steve Bruce about the money for schools in the new capital budget the province presented last week, and about the work that lies ahead.




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Hamilton council defers vote on banning encampments in parks to next year

City will wait for legal advice, staff report before voting early next year to avoid potential rights violations. While some people in the community argue Hamilton doesn't have enough shelter beds to justifiably remove encampments, others say they feel unsafe in their homes and unable to access parks.



  • News/Canada/Hamilton

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In The Key Of C: Hear Danny Michel, Chastity, Fred Penner, Laila and more

Host Craig Norris plays a whole bunch of music in this week's show. Hear tunes from Danny Michel, Chastity, Fred Penner, Tragically Hip, Angela Saini, Laila and a lot more.



  • News/Canada/Kitchener-Waterloo

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Banners put veterans front and centre in small town Ontario

A heartfelt initiative is taking root in some small towns across eastern Ontario where light and hydro poles are being adorned with banners that pay tribute to local veterans.



  • News/Canada/Ottawa













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Change to E-mini S&P Options User Defined Spreads Market Data Channel




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Amsterdam police detain pro-Palestinian protesters at banned demonstration




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Ontario Liberals announce tax cuts for middle class families as part of election platform

The Ontario Liberal Party is pledging to reduce the income tax rate for middle class families and eliminate provincial sales tax on hydro bills, if they win in the 2026 election.



  • News/Canada/Toronto

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CME Group Announces First Trades of CBL Australian Carbon Credit Unit (ACCU) Futures

CME Group, the world's leading derivatives marketplace, today announced its new CBL Australian Carbon Credit Unit (ACCU) futures have launched and are available for trading. A total of five...