fro

U-Pb geochronology data from the 2008-2011 Manitoba Far North Geomapping Initiative

Rayner, N M. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8868, 2022, 7 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329641
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329641.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329641.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8868, 2022, 7 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329641" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Palynological analyses of maar lake sediments from core samples of Wombat kimberlite pipe, Northwest Territories, Canada

Galloway, J M; Bringué, M; Buryak, S D; Reyes, A V; West, C K; Siver, P A. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8864, 2022, 29 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329615
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329615.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329615.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8864, 2022, 29 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329615" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic stratigraphy along the northeastern margin of the Sverdrup Basin, Axel Heiberg and Ellesmere islands, Nunavut: new data from measured sections

Midwinter, D; Hadlari, T; Dewing, K. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8855, 2022, 17 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329398
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329398.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_329398.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8855, 2022, 17 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/329398" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Simulating sedimentary burial cycles: II. Elemental-based multikinetic apatite fission-track interpretation and modelling techniques illustrated using examples from northern Yukon

Issler, D R; McDannell, K T; O'Sullivan, P B; Lane, L S. Geochronology vol. 4, 2022 p. 373-397, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-373-2022
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210455.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210455.jpg" title="Geochronology vol. 4, 2022 p. 373-397, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-4-373-2022" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

150 Myr of episodic metamorphism recorded in the Yukon-Tanana Terrane, Northern Canadian Cordillera: evidence from monazite and xenotime petrochronology

Soucy La Roche, R; Dyer, S C; Zagorevski, A; Cottle, J M; Gaidies, F. Lithos 7708357, 2022, 1-29 pages, https://doi.org/10.2113/2022/7708357
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210423.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210423.jpg" title="Lithos 7708357, 2022, 1-29 pages, https://doi.org/10.2113/2022/7708357" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Overview of surficial geochemistry and indicator mineral surveys and case studies from the Geological Survey of Canada's GEM Program

McClenaghan, M B; Spirito, W A; Day, S J A; McCurdy, M W; McNeil, R J; Adcock, S W. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis vol. 22, no. 1, geochem2021-070, 2022 p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2021-070
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210301.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210301.jpg" title="Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis vol. 22, no. 1, geochem2021-070, 2022 p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1144/geochem2021-070" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the trilobite faunas from the Mount Clark and Mount Cap formations (early and middle Cambrian), eastern Mackenzie Mountains, northwestern Canada

Handkamer, N M; Pratt, B R; MacNaughton, R B. Journal of Paleontology vol. 96, S89, 2022, 47 pages, https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.13
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210288.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20210288.jpg" title="Journal of Paleontology vol. 96, S89, 2022, 47 pages, https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2022.13" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Exhuming the Canadian Shield: preliminary interpretations from low-temperature thermochronology and significance for the sedimentary succession of the Hudson Bay Basin

Re-release; McDannell, K T; Pinet, N; Issler, D R. Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 287-322, https://doi.org/10.4095/326100
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326100.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326100.jpg" title="Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 287-322, https://doi.org/10.4095/326100" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Regional and global correlations of the Devonian stratigraphic succession in the Hudson Bay and Moose River basins from onshore Manitoba and Ontario to offshore Hudson Bay

Re-release; Larmagnat, S; Lavoie, D. Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 185-213, https://doi.org/10.4095/326091
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326091.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326091.jpg" title="Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 185-213, https://doi.org/10.4095/326091" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Moose River, and Foxe basins: synthesis of Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program activities from 2008 to 2018

Re-release; Lavoie, D; Pinet, N; Zhang, S; Reyes, J; Jiang, C; Ardakani, O H; Savard, M M; Dhillon, R S; Chen, Z; Dietrich, J R; Hu, K; Craven, J A; Roberts, B; Duchesne, M J; Brake, V I; Huot-Vézina, G; Galloway, J M; McCracken, A D; Asselin, E; Decker, V; Beauchemin, M; Nicolas, M P B; Armstrong, D K; Hahn, K E. Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 37-76, https://doi.org/10.4095/326090
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326090.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_326090.jpg" title="Sedimentary basins of northern Canada: contributions to a 1000 Ma geological journey and insight on resource potential; by Lavoie, D (ed.); Dewing, K (ed.); Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 609, 2022 p. 37-76, https://doi.org/10.4095/326090" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Lithostratigraphic revision and biostratigraphy of Upper Hauterivian-Barremian strata from the Kugmallit Trough, Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories

McNeil, D H; Dixon, J; Xiu, Z; Fowler, S P. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology vol. 68, no. 4, 2022 p. 141-157, https://doi.org/10.35767/gscpgbull.68.4.141
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20190288.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20190288.jpg" title="Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology vol. 68, no. 4, 2022 p. 141-157, https://doi.org/10.35767/gscpgbull.68.4.141" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Canada's northern shield: new perspectives from the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals program

Pehrsson, S J (ed.); Wodicka, N (ed.); Rogers, N (ed.); Percival, J A (ed.). Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2023, 419 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/332492
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331492.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331492.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2023, 419 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/332492" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Evaluation of automatic borehole-log identification, selection, and data capture from PDF files

Amini, A; Benoit, N; Russell, H A J. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 9065, 2023, 17 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/332258
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332258.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332258.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 9065, 2023, 17 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/332258" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Waste mining: investigating the elemental composition of late Carboniferous coprolites from the Joggins Formation

Bingham-Koslowski, N; Grey, M; Pufahl, P; Ehrman, J; Strauss, A. Geoscience Canada vol. 50, 2023 p. 118, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.20
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20220635.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20220635.jpg" title="Geoscience Canada vol. 50, 2023 p. 118, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2023.50.20" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Climax in Wrangellia LIP activity coincident with major Middle Carnian (Late Triassic) climate and biotic changes: mercury isotope evidence from the Panthalassa pelagic domain

Jin, X; Tomimatsu, Y; Yin, R; Onoue, T; Franceschi, M; Grasby, S E; Du, Y; Rigo, M. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol. 607, 118075, 2023 p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118075
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20220607.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20220607.jpg" title="Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol. 607, 118075, 2023 p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118075" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Geological and geochemical data from Mackenzie corridor. Part XI: New geochemical, magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray diffraction data from the Horn River Group (Devonian) in cores and outcrops south of Norman Wells, Northwest Territories

Kabanov, P B; Abdi, W; Biggin, A J; Bilot, I; van der Boon, A; Gouwy, S; Grasby, S; Minions, N; Percival, J; Thallner, D; Twemlow, C; VandenBerg, R. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8940, 2023, 13 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/331201
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331201.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_331201.jpg" title="Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8940, 2023, 13 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/331201" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Recovery from persistent nutrient-N limitation following the Permian-Triassic mass extinction

Du, Y; Grasby, S E; Xing, T; Song, H; Tien, L; Chu, D; Wu, Y; Dal Corso, J; Algeo, T; Tong, J. Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol. 602, 117944, 2023 p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117944
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20220395.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/20220395.jpg" title="Earth and Planetary Science Letters vol. 602, 117944, 2023 p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117944" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Crustal architecture and evolution of the central Thelon tectonic zone, Nunavut: insights from Sm-Nd and O isotope analysis, U-Pb zircon geochronology, and targeted bedrock mapping

Berman, R G; Taylor, B E; Davis, W J; Sanborn-Barrie, M; Whalen, J B. Canada's northern Shield: new perspectives from the Geoscience for Energy and Minerals Program; Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2024 p. 115-158, https://doi.org/10.4095/332497
<a href="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332497.jpg"><img src="https://geoscan.nrcan.gc.ca/images/geoscan/gid_332497.jpg" title="Canada's northern Shield: new perspectives from the Geoscience for Energy and Minerals Program; Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 612, 2024 p. 115-158, https://doi.org/10.4095/332497" height="150" border="1" /></a>




fro

Posten Bring meets “the high demand for more parcel lockers from both online stores and customers”

Posten Bring has rapidly rolled out Europe's longest network of parcel lockers, with 6,000 self-service parcel lockers at 2,000 locations across Norway.




fro

Austrian Post to offer in-house delivery from July

Together with technology partner Nuki, Austrian Post is launching in-house delivery as a regular service.







fro

You Said You Wanted a Fountain for the Front Yard




fro

Hear from the Man Who Fought a Bear('s Tongue) and Lived to Tell the Tale





fro

'What exactly do you want from my husband?': Entitled Karen shopper grabs tall guy at grocery store to help her, tall guy's wife intervenes and calls her out

Most people want to be left alone when they're running their weekly errands. If you're tall and shopping at a grocery store, then you have probably been asked to help grab something from the top shelf on more than one occasion. In most of those scenarios, a decent human being would indulge the short shopper; that is, so long as they have been decent to you. 

Here, we have an entitled Karen shopper who had the audacity to grab a tall stranger by his arm and drag him to where she wanted him to help her. The tall shopper tried to tell her to ask one of the several employees who were within earshot because he was worried that the item she was asking him to retrieve was too heavy and would cause a mess. This was all to no avail, of course. 

At this point, the tall shopper had no choice but to get his wife to come over, and that was what got the entitled Karen to back off for good. Keep scrolling below for the full encounter. For more, check out this post about a 16-year-old's stage mom.




fro

'Did they think they were gonna make money from their wedding?': Newlyweds "devastated" after only gaining $3k from wedding instead of the $10k they expected

This newly-married couple is going to be in a world of debt after throwing a lavish wedding that didn't exactly pay off. 

Weddings these days are a bit different than they were 50 years ago. Besides the obvious changes in decorum and decoration, there's a whole new tradition around gift-giving. Many couples choose to live together before marriage these days, which can be quite beneficial. You can learn if you are compatible with someone before legally declaring it forever. However, if you live with someone for a few years before marriage, you'll have to buy everything for your house in the meantime. In the past, couples were just starting out, and would move in together after marrying. Their gifts would often include cookware, baby items, furniture, or other presents designed to start a new couple off in their home. 

Nowadays, you may as well give the newlyweds some cash. They probably have a lot of furniture and pots and pans already. But they might be going severely into debt to pull off their dream wedding, just like the couple here. It's an eye-opening read, as shared by @kaylajohnsonatl. Commenters debated the state of gift-giving these days–check it all out below. 

After that, this interviewer lamented that "[It] is just really tacky" after noticing that a job candidate did something that gave him pause. 




fro

Spirit Airlines ‘prepares to file for bankruptcy after Frontier merger talks break down’

The airline reported a revenue decrease of $61m compared to the same time last year




fro

Why the name switch from Snowdonia to Eryri matters

For many Welsh speakers, Eryri and Yr Wyddfa are the names they have used all along.




fro

Frontpage SlideShow

Now fully responsive & Joomla 1.5 - 3.x compatible!

Frontpage SlideShow
is the easiest & most eye-catching way to display your featured articles or products in your Joomla website.




It creates an uber cool slideshow with text snippets laying on top of images, in a variety of templates and combined effects.

Frontpage SlideShow allows you to create multiple slideshows within your Joomla website (in different pages or even on the same page), comes with 8 uniquely styled templates, a powerful jQuery based slideshow engine with crossfade & carousel based transitions, text effects, statistics and can retrieve content automatically from Joomla articles/menus, K2 items and Virtuemart/HikaShop products!

Frontpage SlideShow is a pure CSS & JavaScript based slideshow system, which means it's dead simple to customize and it's both SEO and tablet/mobile friendly (in iOS, Android or Windows 8 smartphones & tablets).

And don't worry about how you'll manage your slideshows. Unlike other expensive/copycat implementations, Frontpage Slideshow has a dedicated Joomla backend component which you use to effortlessly manage your slideshows. Easy and fast.

Moreover, it now natively supports content fetching from K2 and the most popular e-commerce components for Joomla: Virtuemart (versions 2.x & 3.x) and HikaShop. That means you quickly make up your slides just by selecting the source (e.g. a K2 item) and Frontpage Slideshow will fetch in a snap the title, description text and associated image!

 

FEATURES

  • Fully compatible with Joomla 1.5 - 3.x
  • Lightweight & frontend optimized slideshow engine, based on jQuery, offering crossfade & carousel transition effects between slides, lava-lamp style navigation, progress bar and text transition effects. That means you have 24 different effect combinations to use!
  • 9 slideshow templates to get you started. Customizing them is very easy as all fonts, font-sizes, colors etc. are controlled by CSS. Building your own is a joy if you know your way around with MVC templating in Joomla.
  • Responsive as of v3.10.
  • The slide creation process is dead simple to use through guided steps.
  • Drag and drop slide re-ordering (per category) in the backend.
  • Integration with Joomla articles and the most popular Joomla content extensions like K2, Virtuemart (2.x & 3.x) & HikaShop. That means Frontpage Slideshow can import the title, text, link and associated image from such components with a single clicks. For example, if you want to create a slide from a K2 item, all you have to do is select that K2 item and Frontpage Slideshow will automatically populate all slide fields, which you are free of course to edit as you wish!
  • You can now display your slideshows either via the module (or multiple module copies) or via the new component view. That means you can create a direct menu link to a specific slideshow, so you can e.g. assign a slideshow to your homepage, without messing with module positions and funky module display conditions. This option is ideal for portfolio based websites that want to assign slideshows directly to Joomla menu items.
  • Multiple slideshows in your Joomla website, even on the same page (thanks to new slideshow engine) - so you can have a slideshow fetched in the component region and an other in a module or in combinations you define.
  • Better slide image uploading using ajax (which means better previewing) and better slide image management (similar to K2's), with multiple copies of your original image created for better performance. And we got some cool new templates to show in the near future using these different size images...
  • Statistics! Frontpage Slideshow will now track (by default) all slideshow clicks and create beautiful statistics graphs in the backend, so you can visually see which are your most popular slides in various timeframes. Using Frontpage Slideshow to promote products? Now you can now which products draw your customers attention more! Statistics can of course be disabled at any time if you prefer SEO over click tracking.
  • Better server-side performance compared to version 2.x. A new caching layer for the module and the new slideshow content prefetching mechanism, which reduces the queries needed to retrieve slide content from third-party extensions (K2, Virtuemart & HikaShop). In high traffic or high content volume Joomla websites, this translates to significantly better performance.
  • Better image compression on both desktop and mobile browsers with the integration of a 3rd party web service. This can lead to up to 50% image size reduction and mobile optimized serving of images when your site is viewed in mobile browsers on iPhone/iPad/Android etc.
  • Full ACL integration with Joomla 2.5+.
  • New version/update notification in Joomla 2.5+.

The component's user interface is very clean and easy to learn. It consists of only 2 areas to edit: your slides and your categories (slideshows).

Additionally, the styling/customization of each slideshow is entirely HTML/CSS based. You have full control over the layout of the slideshow and you can easily style it to suit your needs. No other website will ever share the same looks as yours!

As with all our Joomla extensions, Frontpage Slideshow uses MVC template overrides - so you can modify existing templates or create your own from scratch without a) hacking core extension code and b) worrying about future updates breaking up your changes.

Frontpage Slideshow has been successfully tested in all major browsers. The prebundled slideshow templates are fully compatible with Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Opera, Edge and Internet Explorer version 7 and above.

SCREENSHOTS

Backend interface screenshots taken from Joomla 1.5 (which is nearly identical to Joomla 2.5) & Joomla 3.x. Frontpage Slideshow uses the Joomla backend design guidelines so it will match the design of all these Joomla versions, from 1.5 to 3.x.

{gallery}galleries/FPSS_3.0.0_screenshots{/gallery}




fro

Skift Acquires Gadling Travel From AOL

Filed under: ,

The Skift team -- now the Gadling team, too -- in Iceland this May.
It's been quiet here for a while, but that's about to change.

I'm happy to announce that Gadling is becoming part of the Skift family.

You may have read about us in this Gadling interview when we launched nearly two years ago. Since then, Skift has become the largest travel industry news and information site in the world. Over the short two years of our existence, our brand has become the lingo in travel.

As AOL has decided to focus on MapQuest as the center of its travel strategy, it wanted to find a good home for Gadling.

That's us.

Additionally, we're excited to announce a partnership with MapQuest, leveraging their global mapping platform and collaborating on relevant content. MapQuest serves 40 million multi-platform users every month, providing directions, local search and discovery, and mapping solutions for everyday needs.

"We love what Skift is doing and believe their work leads the market. We look forward to working with Skift to bring great travel content and services to consumers and the travel industry," said Brian McMahon, general manager of MapQuest.

We will take over Gadling's extensive online presence, from the website to its popular social media feeds, and continue to build it as an inspiration and news-you-can-use companion to the business-focused Skift site. We've long been fans of Gadling's style of travel and writing and we're happy to be stepping in now. Gadling will stay as is for a short bit while we tinker behind the scenes.

Stay tuned, we're just getting started.

Share your email, and we'll let you know when Gadling relaunches.

  • Skift Updates

Skift Acquires Gadling Travel From AOL originally appeared on Gadling on Thu, 12 Jun 2014 09:04:00 EST. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

Permalink | Email this | Comments




fro

Doctors can withdraw feeding from patient in minimally conscious state, judge rules




fro

Re: Workplace violence stems from deep rooted problems within the Indian medical system




fro

Monocyte Invasion into the Retina Restricts the Regeneration of Neurons from Mu&#x0308;ller Glia

Endogenous reprogramming of glia into neurogenic progenitors holds great promise for neuron restoration therapies. Using lessons from regenerative species, we have developed strategies to stimulate mammalian Müller glia to regenerate neurons in vivo in the adult retina. We have demonstrated that the transcription factor Ascl1 can stimulate Müller glia neurogenesis. However, Ascl1 is only able to reprogram a subset of Müller glia into neurons. We have reported that neuroinflammation from microglia inhibits neurogenesis from Müller glia. Here we found that the peripheral immune response is a barrier to CNS regeneration. We show that monocytes from the peripheral immune system infiltrate the injured retina and negatively influence neurogenesis from Müller glia. Using CCR2 knock-out mice of both sexes, we found that preventing monocyte infiltration improves the neurogenic and proliferative capacity of Müller glia stimulated by Ascl1. Using scRNA-seq analysis, we identified a signaling axis wherein Osteopontin, a cytokine highly expressed by infiltrating immune cells is sufficient to suppress mammalian neurogenesis. This work implicates the response of the peripheral immune system as a barrier to regenerative strategies of the retina.




fro

A Prefrontal->Periaqueductal Gray Pathway Differentially Engages Autonomic, Hormonal, and Behavioral Features of the Stress-Coping Response

The activation of autonomic and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) systems occurs interdependently with behavioral adjustments under varying environmental demands. Nevertheless, laboratory rodent studies examining the neural bases of stress responses have generally attributed increments in these systems to be monolithic, regardless of whether an active or passive coping strategy is employed. Using the shock probe defensive burying test (SPDB) to measure stress-coping features naturalistically in male and female rats, we identify a neural pathway whereby activity changes may promote distinctive response patterns of hemodynamic and HPA indices typifying active and passive coping phenotypes. Optogenetic excitation of the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) input to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) decreased passive behavior (immobility), attenuated the glucocorticoid hormone response, but did not prevent arterial pressure and heart rate increases associated with rats’ active behavioral (defensive burying) engagement during the SPDB. In contrast, inhibition of the same pathway increased behavioral immobility and attenuated hemodynamic output but did not affect glucocorticoid increases. Further analyses confirmed that hemodynamic increments occurred preferentially during active behaviors and decrements during immobility epochs, whereas pathway manipulations, regardless of the directionality of effect, weakened these correlational relationships. Finally, neuroanatomical evidence indicated that the influence of the rostral mPFC->vlPAG pathway on coping response patterns is mediated predominantly through GABAergic neurons within vlPAG. These data highlight the importance of this prefrontal->midbrain connection in organizing stress-coping responses and in coordinating bodily systems with behavioral output for adaptation to aversive experiences.




fro

Dynamics of Saccade Trajectory Modulation by Distractors: Neural Activity Patterns in the Frontal Eye Field

The sudden appearance of a visual distractor shortly before saccade initiation can capture spatial attention and modulate the saccade trajectory in spite of the ongoing execution of the initial plan to shift gaze straight to the saccade target. To elucidate the neural correlates underlying these curved saccades, we recorded from single neurons in the frontal eye field of two male rhesus monkeys shifting gaze to a target while a distractor with the same eccentricity appeared either left or right of the target at various delays after target presentation. We found that the population level of presaccadic activity of neurons representing the distractor location encoded the direction of the saccade trajectory. Stronger activity occurred when saccades curved toward the distractor, and weaker when saccades curved away. This relationship held whether the distractor was ipsilateral or contralateral to the recorded neurons. Meanwhile, visually responsive neurons showed asymmetrical patterns of excitatory responses that varied with the location of the distractor and the duration of distractor processing relating to attentional capture and distractor inhibition. During earlier distractor processing, neurons encoded curvature toward the distractor. During later distractor processing, neurons encoded curvature away from the distractor. This was observed when saccades curved away from distractors contralateral to the recording site and when saccades curved toward distractors ipsilateral to the recording site. These findings indicate that saccadic motor planning involves dynamic push–pull hemispheric interactions producing attraction or repulsion for potential but unselected saccade targets.




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The Role of the Rat Prefrontal Cortex and Sex Differences in Decision-Making

The prefrontal cortex is critical for decision-making across species, with its activity linked to choosing between options. Drift diffusion models (DDMs) are commonly employed to understand the neural computations underlying this behavior. Studies exploring the specific roles of regions of the rodent prefrontal cortex in controlling the decision process are limited. This study explored the role of the prelimbic cortex (PLC) in decision-making using a two-alternative forced-choice task. Rats first learned to report the location of a lateralized visual stimulus. The brightness of the stimulus indicated its reward value. Then, the rats learned to make choices between pairs of stimuli. Sex differences in learning were observed, with females responding faster and more selectively to high-value stimuli than males. DDM analysis found that males had decreased decision thresholds during initial learning, whereas females maintained a consistently higher drift rate. Pharmacological manipulations revealed that PLC inactivation reduced the decision threshold for all rats, indicating that less information was needed to make a choice in the absence of normal PLC processing. μ-Opioid receptor stimulation of the PLC had the opposite effect, raising the decision threshold and reducing bias in the decision process toward high-value stimuli. These effects were observed without any impact on the rats’ choice preferences. Our findings suggest that PLC has an inhibitory role in the decision process and regulates the amount of evidence that is required to make a choice. That is, PLC activity controls "when," but not "how," to act.




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Orbitofrontal Cortex Mediates Sustained Basolateral Amygdala Encoding of Cued Reward-Seeking States

Basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons are engaged by emotionally salient stimuli. An area of increasing interest is how BLA dynamics relate to evolving reward-seeking behavior, especially under situations of uncertainty or ambiguity. Here, we recorded the activity of individual BLA neurons in male rats across the acquisition and extinction of conditioned reward seeking. We assessed ongoing neural dynamics in a task where long reward cue presentations preceded an unpredictable, variably time reward delivery. We found that, with training, BLA neurons discriminated the CS+ and CS– cues with sustained cue-evoked activity that correlated with behavior and terminated only after reward receipt. BLA neurons were bidirectionally modulated, with a majority showing prolonged inhibition during cued reward seeking. Strikingly, population-level analyses revealed that neurons showing cue-evoked inhibitions and those showing excitations similarly represented the CS+ and behavioral state. This sustained population code rapidly extinguished in parallel with conditioned behavior. We next assessed the contribution of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a major reciprocal partner to the BLA. Inactivation of the OFC while simultaneously recording in the BLA revealed a blunting of sustained cue-evoked activity in the BLA that accompanied reduced reward seeking. Optogenetic disruption of BLA activity and OFC terminals in the BLA also reduced reward seeking. Our data indicate that the BLA represents reward-seeking states via sustained, bidirectional cue-driven neural encoding. This code is regulated by cortical input and is important for the maintenance of vigilant reward-seeking behavior.




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From Argentina to Africa

Belen, 20, discovers she doesn't need to wait to serve God in missions when He sends her to Africa for six weeks.




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From Russia to the world

Twenty students graduate OM Russia’s Discipleship programme with a heart for missions.




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From card making to vehicle servicing

OM Russia’s Business for Transformation ministry supports eight projects that empower locals through employment, while impacting the kingdom.




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Children from the slum graduate

Nineteen boys and girls graduated from Fishport Kids Tutorial Club's day care programme in Manila, Philippines, this month.




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Into the last frontier

From 8-26 April, OM Philippines will host their annual short-term missions conference GO EXTRA MILE in Palawan for the first time ever.




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From the classroom to the field

God can accomplish much when learning moves outside the classroom and a mission student serves in Namibia.




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Blessing young Albanians from the streets of Athens

In 2008, the Greek Evangelical Church in Athens opened a community centre, in a suburb where many Albanians live. OM worker Martha describes how she and other staff are reaching out with God's love to local young people.




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OM Greece on the frontline at sea and on land

OM Greece and partner organisations help Syrians and other refugees as they reach the island of Lesbos from Turkey and disembark from dinghies.




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Blast from the past - Bus4Life Romania

Surprises await Bus4Life coordinator Esko when visiting a Romanian village: Meeting orphaned girls saved on a visit 26 years ago, and the former Chief of Police from the Communist era.




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From Latin America to the Levant

OM workers explain, their home has become a mix of Latin American and Middle Eastern cultures.




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News from the Near East

OM teams in the Near East Field share ministry updates from Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Iraq.