Homeschooling isn't a decision to be taken on lightly, but COVID-19 just changed the calculus, writes Michael Q. McShane.

There's a new focus on getting more training to early-childhood educators, but there's a dearth of information about what constitutes a high-quality, teacher-preparation program.

Without rigorous research that accurately reflects the current population, early education won't deliver for all students, write two education researchers.

A new version of the federal research site allows users to find research related to specific school populations.

Teachers coming from alternative programs leave the profession at higher rates than their traditionally certified peers, and that gap is growing, a study finds.

Newborn screening (NBS) programs may store bloodspot samples and use them for secondary purposes, such as research. Recent public controversies and lawsuits over storage and secondary uses underscore the need to engage the public on these issues.

This public engagement study identifies values underlying citizens’ acceptance of and discomfort with research from NBS samples. Well-designed methods of public education and civic discourse on the risks and benefits of storage and secondary uses of NBS samples are required. (Read the full article)

The retention and use of residual bloodspots is a practice of many state newborn screening programs. This practice has become controversial, and little is known about public attitudes on the retention and research use of newborn residual bloodspots.

This study offers a detailed analysis of public attitudes regarding bloodspot retention and use for biomedical research. The results also offer insights on how education regarding this practice influences support for newborn screening and residual bloodspot use. (Read the full article)

The demographics of trials that use antenatal consent may not be representative of the populations that they are intended to study.

This study analyzes the difference in clinical outcomes between the enrolled and eligible but not enrolled populations of a trial that required antenatal consent. (Read the full article)

We know that many evidence-based treatments for acute asthma are underused, and adherence with treatment guidelines is poor; however, studies have focused on β₂ agonists and corticosteroids, but little is known about intravenous magnesium, which has substantial evidence of benefit.

Magnesium is used infrequently in Canadian pediatric emergency departments in hospitalized children with acute asthma, with variation across sites. More than half of this population does not receive frequent bronchodilators and timely corticosteroids. (Read the full article)

Existing clinical research policy does not guarantee availability of results. Registration on the Web site ClinicalTrials.gov and the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act improved transparency in pediatric clinical research. Registration and publication remain voluntary for many trials involving children.

Only 29% of completed registered studies and 53% of National Institutes of Health–funded trials involving children were published. Numbers of studies are increasing. Registration and posting of results on ClinicalTrials.gov should be mandatory for all studies involving children. (Read the full article)

Critics argue that pediatric research without the potential for clinical benefit treats children as mere means to benefit others. Yet, there are no data to assess whether adolescents who participate in research, or their parents, agree with this view.

Respondents felt that by participating in research the adolescents were making important contributions to help others, and the adolescents felt proud to be doing so. These findings support the view that nonbeneficial pediatric research involves a type of charitable activity. (Read the full article)

Recent investigations of pubertal onset in US girls suggest earlier maturation. The situation for US boys is unknown, and existing investigations are outdated and lack information on a key physical marker of male puberty: testicular enlargement.

US boys appear to be developing secondary sexual characteristics and achieving testicular enlargement 6 months to 2 years earlier than commonly used norms, with African American boys entering Tanner stages 2 to 4 earlier than white or Hispanic boys. (Read the full article)

When research involving children is determined to present greater than minimal risk but no potential for direct benefit, permission is required from both parents, unless one is not reasonably available. These requirements are variably understood and applied, and guidance is lacking.

In a study on newborn screening, a sizeable percentage of fathers were not reasonably available, reflecting complexities of parental status and family relations. Guidelines developed in this project may provide tools for researchers and institutions to apply in other contexts. (Read the full article)

Higher-hazard, no-benefit research involving children may be approved by local institutional review boards only when the protocol enrolls children with the medical condition under study. The ethics of this distinction have been debated, but parental opinions have not been explored.

We found that parental opinions support federal regulations. We discuss parental motivations for and against research participation and the extent to which enrolling a child in higher-hazard, no-benefit research reflects appropriate surrogate decision-making. (Read the full article)

We previously reported that parents of children enrolled in genomic research made more restrictive data sharing (DS) decisions than adults. The ethics of pediatric DS have been discussed, but reasons for differences in decision-making have not been explored.

We present an empirically based discussion of attitudes toward and preferences for DS obtained from structured interviews of adult patients and parents of pediatric patients enrolled in genomic research studies. Parents expressed more concern about future risks than adult participants. (Read the full article)

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition and often the presenting symptom of newly diagnosed type 1 or type 2 diabetes in youth. SEARCH previously reported that the prevalence of DKA at diagnosis was 25.5% in 2002–2003.

DKA in youth with type 1 diabetes remains a problem, with almost one-third presenting with DKA. Among youth with type 2 diabetes, DKA was less common and decreased by ~10% per year, suggesting improved detection or earlier diagnosis. (Read the full article)

Studies on adult patients who have Crohn disease have shown a comparative benefit of anti-TNFα versus placebo and thiopurines. These same studies have not been done in children, because of time, cost, and ethical (withholding an efficacious treatment) challenges.

Anti-TNFα therapy administered in routine practice to children with Crohn disease was more effective than usual care at achieving clinical and corticosteroid-free remission. Using data from the ImproveCareNow learning health system for observational research is feasible and produces valuable evidence. (Read the full article)

Pediatric primary care has undergone a cultural shift. Changes in electronic health records, certification requirements, and practice structure have left many physicians feeling too busy to participate in research. Practice-based research networks must adapt to fit the current climate.

Adding quality improvement activities that meet Maintenance of Certification Part 4 criteria to research study design adds value to a practice-based research protocol. This incentive meets the needs of busy physicians, and may help researchers meet study recruitment goals. (Read the full article)

Ashkan Negahban, assistant professor of engineering management, and Satish Srinivasan, assistant professor of information science, will lead projects that help address the COVID-19 crisis, thanks to seed grants from the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences.

Students with dyslexia often struggle with math fluency as well, and scholars at a recent conference put a spotlight on some of the possible connections.

Quantum machine learning, an emerging field that combines machine learning and quantum physics, is the focus of research to discover possible treatments for COVID-19, according to Penn State researchers, who believe that this method could be faster and more economical than the current methods used for drug discovery.

A recent study found that one organization's instructional-leadership professional development had no impact. Could it be because the topic of instructional leadership needs to be expanded?

A $450,000 grant from the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Peanut Research will aid researchers in Penn State’s College of Agricultural Sciences as they explore the potential to empower women farmers in northern Ghana through peanut production.

Gabriella Pinto provides a great example of what undergraduate research can do for a student. The Penn State food science major, who graduates this month, is headed for a good job armed with a wealth of experience and knowledge from her research, which gives her a leg up on her career.

In an effort to help mitigate the disruptive effects of the deadly COVID-19 virus, an interdisciplinary team of Penn State researchers are developing a novel methodology to analyze its spread and the impacts on policy to create better-prepared and more-resilient health care systems.

Penn State University Libraries has developed a curated guide to COVID-19 related resources for researchers, including ongoing research at Penn State.

With speed and ingenuity, more than 100 researchers across Penn State are shifting their research programs to address the COVID-19 crisis, thanks to funding from a seed grant initiative led by the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences. In total, the initiative awarded $2.25 million to 47 teams of researchers from three campuses, 10 colleges and more than 25 departments.

To assess public perceptions about COVID-19 and identify populations whose behaviors put them at risk of infection, researchers at Penn State have released an online survey for the general public.

The Penn State Center for Structural Oncology is shifting some of its focus from fighting cancer to fighting COVID-19, with three projects.

Wine, fish, and excessive use of social media were a few of the topics that earned students top honors in Penn State Hazleton's first-ever virtual Undergraduate Research Fair.

Want to contribute to Apple's health research studies? You can sign up for programs on women's health, your heart and movement, and hearing using the Research app.

The Windows 10 search feature seems pretty simple, but it can be even more effective. Here are some ways to control your searches and find things faster.

As educators, we need to be critical consumers of educational research before assuming that findings present the "truth."

The Every Student Succeeds Act will give states and districts more authority to be creative in improving schools, but they will need support to use research and data effectively, according to a report by the Center for American Progress think tank and the Knowledge Alliance, a professional group for

When reading articles that reference empirical research, we need to examine how the author makes assumptions before considering the study as "proof."

To better understand educational research, start by asking "who?" Who wrote the study; who published it; and who did the authors intend as their audience?

The research behind growth mindset and grit is familiar to many educators, but when misrepresented, can be harmful. The executive director of the Mindset Scholars Network, explains.

Without rigorous research that accurately reflects the current population, early education won't deliver for all students, write two education researchers.

How a public research event can bring education stakeholders together to discuss important early education issues.

The Society for Research in Educational Effectiveness' annual conference here last week highlighted new ways the United States is learning from the United Kingdom both in research development and use in education.

In response to Nonie K. Lesaux and Stephanie M. Jones' Commentary on early education's need for more exacting research ("Early-Childhood Research Is Out of Touch," Feb. 14, 2018), better research is certainly welcome.

Understanding how research is actually used by district leaders is essential for research-practice partnerships to effectively bridge research and practice in education.

If researchers hope to identify programs that will prepare students for the future, then they cannot continue to measure innovation based on the ideas from the past.

A recap of recent research conducted by research-practice partnerships across the country reveals current high priority topics in education.

A number of studies over the past decade offer best practices and solutions for making better use of time in the school day to aid student learning. Education Week honed in on several that have definitive findings and focus on areas that might be actionable and effective for K-12.

SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
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Marcia E. Herman-Giddens
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Betty R. Vohr
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