Letter from OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría for the attention of The Honorable Steven T. Mnuchin, Secretary of the Treasury, United States

As part of continuing efforts to address BEPS concerns, the Inclusive Framework on BEPS has now assessed 112 jurisdictions' progress in spontaneously exchanging information on tax rulings, in accordance with Action 5 of the OECD/G20 BEPS package.

Part I reports on the activities in the OECD's international tax agenda, in particular the progress made in addressing the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy. It also provides an update on G20 tax deliverables including tax transparency, implementation of BEPS measures & capacity building to support developing countries. Part II reports on the activities of the Global Forum.

At the request of concerned countries, the OECD Secretariat has issued guidance on these issues based on a careful analysis of the international tax treaty rules.

Recent decades have seen rapid growth of advanced digital technologies, including high-speed computing, big data, artificial intelligence, the internet-of-things and blockchain. This “digital revolution” creates significant opportunities for all levels of government to improve the delivery of public goods and services, and to raise more and better revenue.

As a result of COVID-19, public life has come to a sudden halt and consumer spending is plummeting. How will this crisis and the policy actions taken in response affect tax revenues? And what lessons can be learned from the previous global financial crisis?

With global economic activity facing a historic drop and government spending rising dramatically, the implications of the Covid-19 crisis on public finances and tax revenues are significant.

Exports of (bop) - Crude Oil and Crude Bitumen in Canada decreased to 6305.10 CAD Million in March from 6551.20 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Crude Oil and Crude Bitumen in Canada averaged 2866.61 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8640.80 CAD Million in May of 2014 and a record low of 277.10 CAD Million in November of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Crude Oil And Crude Bitumen.

Exports of (bop) - Aircraft in Canada decreased to 703.10 CAD Million in March from 1220.10 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports of (bop) - Aircraft in Canada averaged 515.09 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1419.70 CAD Million in November of 2001 and a record low of 2.10 CAD Million in July of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Aircraft.

Exports (Bop) - Aircraft, Aircraft Engines And Aircraft Parts in Canada decreased to 1842.40 CAD Million in March from 2391.90 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Aircraft, Aircraft Engines And Air in Canada averaged 1078.85 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2391.90 CAD Million in February of 2020 and a record low of 172.30 CAD Million in July of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Aircraft, Aircraft Engines And.

Exports (Bop) - Aircraft Engines And Aircraft Parts in Canada decreased to 1139.30 CAD Million in March from 1171.90 CAD Million in February of 2020. Exports (Bop) - Aircraft Engines And Aircraft Part in Canada averaged 563.76 CAD Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1327.20 CAD Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 169.90 CAD Million in May of 1988. This page includes a chart with historical data for Canada Exports of (bop) - Aircraft Engines And Aircraft.

Imports - Civilian Aircraft, Engines & Parts (Census Basis) in the United States decreased to 4585.50 USD Million in March from 4675.21 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports - Civilian Aircraft, Engines & Parts (Cens in the United States averaged 2490.72 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6159.71 USD Million in February of 2019 and a record low of 556.58 USD Million in January of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United States Imports of Civilian Aircraft, Engines & Parts.

Imports - Civilian Aircraft, Complete (Census Basis) in the United States increased to 1379.90 USD Million in March from 1060.41 USD Million in February of 2020. Imports - Civilian Aircraft, Complete (Census Basi in the United States averaged 811 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2242.09 USD Million in August of 2014 and a record low of 80.17 USD Million in August of 1994. This page includes a chart with historical data for the United States Imports of Civilian Aircraft, Complete.

Crude Oil Rigs in Iraq decreased to 58 in April from 61 in March of 2020. Crude Oil Rigs in Iraq averaged 45.70 from 2009 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 96 in June of 2014 and a record low of 0 in June of 2009. This page provides - Iraq Crude Oil Rigs- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Gambia thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Gambia as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, will be in Santiago, Chile, on 14-15 October 2019 to attend the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Finance Ministers meeting.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Burundi thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Burundi as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) requesting loans between 2007 and 2010 faced higher interest rates than for large companies. Loan conditions for SMEs included shortened maturities and increased demands for collateral, suggesting that banks considered smaller firms to be a higher risk.

Costa Rica adhered today to OECD legal instruments on Internet governance and international business conduct, demonstrating its willingness to align its policies to best practices in these areas and work together with the Organisation.

Recommendation of the OECD Council on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government

Due to serious concerns about the extremely low level of enforcement of Japan’s offence of bribing foreign public officials – just three prosecutions since 1999 – the OECD Working Group on Bribery recommended in December 2013 that Japan establish an Action Plan to organise police and prosecution resources to be able to proactively detect, investigate and prosecute cases of foreign bribery by Japanese companies.

This report responds to a request from the G20 that the IMF and OECD assess whether further work is needed on their respective approaches to measures which are both macro-prudential and capital flow measures, taking into account their individual mandates. The report was transmitted to G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors at their meeting on 16-17 April 2015 in Washington D.C.

Focused mainly on the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this report takes stock of 5 years of implementation of national and international programmes and initiatives designed to operationalise the recommendations of the OECD Due Diligence Guidance on Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas in the Great Lakes Region of Central Africa.

This update report by the IMF and the OECD was delivered to G20 in February 2016.

Brandon L. Garrett is the Justice Thurgood Marshall Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law and author of Convicting the Innocent (2011) and Too Big to Jail (2014). These comments on corporate criminal liability are a contribution to a public consultation conducted by the OECD Working Group on Bribery.

“I am deeply saddened to learn about the tragic deaths of Michael Sharp and Zaida Catalan, members of the UN Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). On behalf of my Organisation, I wish to convey our condolences to their families and colleagues from the UN and beyond, who had the pleasure of working with them."

Lending volumes and credit conditions for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have gradually improved, according to a new report from the OECD, but demand-side obstacles such as a lack of financial knowledge are contributing to holding back a stronger recovery.

Globalisation has failed to create a level playing field in trade, investment and corporate behaviour, being one of the factors contributing to a backlash against openness in many countries and a decline in confidence in government institutions.

Chile must make further progress on key recommendations of the OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Business Transactions, more than three years after its Phase 3 evaluation in March 2014.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery is leading global efforts to fight bribery of foreign public officials in international trade and investment. The fight against foreign bribery is a core shared value that unites all 43 Parties to the Anti-Bribery Convention. This brochure provides a snapshot of 18 years of implementation and enforcement of the Anti-Bribery Convention.

This paper reviews alleged societal benefits and costs of International Investment Agreements (IIAs) as suggested by academia, governments, business and civil society. It sets out the wide range of issues that diverse actors have proposed in the context of assessing the societal benefits and costs of IIAs.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly turning to alternative sources of financing, while new bank lending is declining in a number of countries. Many SMEs remain over-reliant on bank credit, however, and the take-up of instruments other than straight debt varies greatly from one country to another, according to a new OECD report.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Portugal stands at BBB with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Portugal was last set at Baa3 with positive outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Portugal was last reported at BBB with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Portugal is BBB (high) with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Portugal thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Portugal as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Crude Oil Rigs in Angola increased to 7 in April from 6 in March of 2020. Crude Oil Rigs in Angola averaged 6.32 from 1995 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 18 in February of 2014 and a record low of 1 in January of 2000. This page provides - Angola Crude Oil Rigs- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The global economic crisis has had a profound impact on people’s well-being, reaching far beyond the loss of jobs and income, and affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their lives and their trust in governments, according to a new OECD report.

Total health spending has fallen in one of three OECD countries between 2009 and 2011, with those hardest hit by the crisis most affected. This is a sharp reversal from the strong growth in the years prior to the crisis, according to a new OECD report.

Italy has significantly improved the quality of health care in recent decades but needs to tackle the wide disparities that remain between regions, according to a new OECD report.

Mr. Angel Gurría was in The Hague to attend the High-Level Policy Forum on Mental Health and Work Policy Challenges in OECD Countries, where he presented key findings of the OECD Fit Mind Fit Job report and was awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Orange Nassau.

At the OECD, we have calculated that about 50% of all the antimicrobials prescribed by healthcare facilities in our member countries do not meet prescription guidelines. In healthcare services such as long-term care facilities and general practices up to 70% and 90% respectively of antibiotics may be prescribed for inappropriate reasons.

There is now strong evidence that microbiomes play an important role in human health, as there are clear linkages to many major non-communicable diseases. This report assesses the key policy challenges for innovation in the microbiome. It argues that if such a promising scientific field is to lead to innovative applications, policies on science and innovation must be improved in five areas.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing health and economic threat requiring multipronged responses. The OECD provides a forum for discussion and provide countries with the evidence to implement effective and cost-effective policies to tackle AMR, promote effective use of antimicrobials and incentivise research and development in the antibiotic sector.

The global economic crisis has had a profound impact on people’s well-being, reaching far beyond the loss of jobs and income, and affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their lives and their trust in governments, according to a new OECD report.

Slower growth in key markets like China and India is reducing momentum across the Australian economy, cutting into employment opportunities and putting more pressure on the government to ensure that public policy delivers optimal results for growth and job creation.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, was in Sydney from 21 to 23 February 2014 to attend the G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors meetings. While in Sydney, the Secretary-General launched the 2014 OECD Going for Growth report, alongside Mr. Joseph Benedict "Joe" Hockey, Treasurer of Australia.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, will be in Sydney from 17 to 20 July 2014 to attend the G20 Trade Ministers Meeting.

Mr. Angel Gurría was in Brisbane to attend the G20 Leaders' Summit on 15-16 November. Prior to the Summit, the Secretary-General attended a G20 Finance Ministers Meeting, as well as L20 and B20 meetings.

This publication highlights new evidence on policies to support job creation, bringing together the latest research on labour market, entrepreneurship and local economic development policy to help governments support job creation in the recovery. It also includes a set of country pages featuring, among other things, new data on skills supply and demand at the level of smaller OECD regions (TL3).

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Ukraine stands at B with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Ukraine was last set at Caa1 with positive outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Ukraine was last reported at B with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Ukraine thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Ukraine as reported by major credit rating agencies.

On the occasion of his visit, Angel Gurría presented the brochure "Policies for a revitalisation of Japan" and met with government and business representatives.

OECD Secretary-General will visit Japan on 22-24 April to launch the Economic Survey of Japan. During his stay in Tokyo, Mr. Gurría will also meet government officials and representatives from the business and labour communities amongst others.