The pace of structural reforms is slowing just when the world economy needs decisive policy actions to strengthen fundamentals and restore healthy growth (the 2016 Going for Growth report). Policy makers may be concerned that introducing structural reforms in the current context involve trade-offs between the mid- to long-run gains in employment and productivity and short-run losses.

This paper takes stock of the main structural reforms that Greece has undertaken since 2010, those currently proposed and that are in the process of implementation, and quantifies the medium and long‑term effects on output.

The Greek economy is turning around lately, but it remains in a deep depression. GDP has fallen by more than a quarter between 2007 and 2015, unemployment remains extremely high at 25 percent and anchored poverty – which measures poverty relative to its pre-crisis income level – has nearly tripled between 2007 and 2014, reaching a third of the population.

Middle Eastern and North African countries should press ahead with further economic and structural reforms to boost flagging trade and investment, restore public trust and create jobs for the region’s young population, the OECD told ministers from the region today.

Raising productivity requires addressing a wide range of policies that affect resource allocation, the creation and diffusion of technology, human capital and the creation and financing of start-ups.

In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities.

In a majority of OECD countries, GDP growth over the past three decades has been associated with growing income disparities.

This document describes and discusses a new supply side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries.

This document describes and discusses a new supply side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries.

Structural reforms are regularly assessed based on their ability to boost GDP per capita. This emphasis relies on the assumption that higher GDP per capita is systematically associated with rising living standards for the vast majority of citizens. This view is increasingly being challenged.

As the Chinese economy matures to a slower but more sustainable growth path, policy efforts need to focus more on efficiency, stability and inclusiveness, according to a new OECD report.

This OECD technical report to G-20 Finance Ministers and Governors provides an assessment of progress on structural reform to achieve strong, sustainable and balanced growth under the G-20 Enhanced Structural Reform Agenda (ESRA) agreed at the Hangzhou summit.

This paper provides an overview of labour market resilience in the wake of the Great Recession of 2008-09 and the role played by macroeconomic and structural policies.

The database contains indicators capturing structural policies (including institutions, framework condition policies and policies specifically related to labour markets and drivers of productivity and investment such as trade, skills and innovation).

This paper estimates and quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income for a large set of OECD and non-OECD countries.

Governments must implement comprehensive structural reform programmes to sustain stronger, greener and more inclusive growth that will extend beyond the current cyclical upswing, according to the OECD’s annual Going for Growth report.

The Tunisian economy is recovering, driven by good harvests and strong performance in the tourism sector, but further reforms are needed to ensure sustainable growth and higher living standards for all Tunisians, according to a new report from the OECD.

Over the last decades Argentina’s living standards have lost ground relative to other developed and emerging economies. Putting Argentina on a path to stronger, inclusive and job-rich growth requires boosting productivity and strengthening investment through wide-ranging structural reforms.

1st Joint IMF-OECD-World Bank Conference on Structural Reforms

This paper summarises earlier OECD work aimed at quantifying the impact of structural reforms on economic outcomes.

Owing to past structural reforms, Costa Rica has enjoyed robust GDP growth and productivity levels are gradually converging towards the OECD average.

Policy choices made today can have important positive effects on future living standards, according to new long-term economic scenarios released by the OECD.

Structural Policy Indicators Database for Economic Research (SPIDER)

This paper presents country-specific effects of structural reforms. It discusses how sizeable and interesting country-specific effects can be identified in a panel setting by conditioning the impact of individual policies on their own level or on the stance of other policies and institutions.

This paper examines an industry whose economic activity uses a natural capital on which its profit also relies.

This paper exploits a new database that is unique in its scale and scope containing detailed information on over two million projects carried out by one million firms that benefited from the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund in 25 EU member countries during the multi-annual financial framework 2007-2013.

Health care expenditure per person, after accounting for changes in overall price levels, began to slow in many OECD countries in the early-to-mid 2000s, well before the economic and fiscal crisis.

How can government policies move towards increasing agricultural innovation and improving productivity? This OECD conference shared case studies and ideas from Europe, China, United States, India, Africa, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.

Strong crop yields, higher productivity and slower growth in global demand should contribute to a gradual decline in real prices for agricultural products over the coming decade, but nonetheless, prices will likely remain at levels above those in the early-2000s, according to the latest Agricultural Outlook report produced by the OECD and FAO.

Sustaining high agricultural growth is critical to Brazil's overall development given the importance of agriculture and agro-industries to the national economy and the resource potential that has yet to be exploited.

These graphs offer a brief summary of the commodity trade situation in the country.

In this paper we develop a simple analytical framework to analyze “good” and “bad equilibria” in public-debt and growth dynamics.

This publication is the follow-up to the forum held in March 2012. It offers proposals to counter the effects of the earthquake shock, to secure the sustainability of the local economy.

This new publication looks at how renewable energy can bring the greatest benefits to host regions.

This report provides a framework to understand the changing relationships between urban and rural areas. Specifically, it documents the characteristics of these partnerships and the factors that can hinder as well as enable rural-urban co-operation.

The 9th OECD Rural Development Policy Conference in Bologna, on 23-25 October 2013, will launch the publication "Rural-Urban partnerships: an integrated approach to economic development".

As the OECD celebrates its 10th Rural Conference this edition will look at the next steps for the OECD Rural Policy Programme and consider the direction for future work.

Middle Eastern and North African countries should press ahead with further economic and structural reforms to boost flagging trade and investment, restore public trust and create jobs for the region’s young population, the OECD told ministers from the region today.

Behavioural economics incorporates behavioural, social and cognitive dimensions into economic thinking, and its practice has grown as economists strive to improve their models, forecasts and policies. Today it is making a measurable difference in policy effectiveness around the world.

This public consultation was held to gather comments on the draft FAO-OECD guidance for responsible agricultural supply chains which is designed to help enterprises observe standards of responsible business conduct along their agricultural supply chains. The deadline for comment was 20 February 2015.

Exports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany increased to 948629 EUR THO in February from 864221 EUR THO in January of 2020. Exports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany averaged 476239.17 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1296849 EUR THO in March of 2019 and a record low of 46255 EUR THO in May of 2000. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Exports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas.

Exports of Agricultural Products in Germany increased to 794306 EUR THO in February from 711773 EUR THO in January of 2020. Exports of Agricultural Products in Germany averaged 607282.79 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1078986 EUR THO in March of 2015 and a record low of 309851 EUR THO in April of 2001. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Exports of Agricultural Products.

Imports of Agricultural Products in Germany increased to 2421805 EUR THO in February from 2362792 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports of Agricultural Products in Germany averaged 1902713.21 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2906557 EUR THO in May of 2017 and a record low of 1104720 EUR THO in December of 2001. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports of Agricultural Products.

Imports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany decreased to 4926835 EUR THO in February from 5507436 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas in Germany averaged 5012536.33 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9632430 EUR THO in October of 2012 and a record low of 2005972 EUR THO in August of 2001. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports of Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas.

Import: Agricultural, Forestry, Fisheries And Aquaculture in France decreased to 1229 EUR Million in March from 1378 EUR Million in February of 2020. Import: Agricultural, Forestry, Fisheries And Aqua in France averaged 920.31 EUR Million from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1458 EUR Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 481 EUR Million in August of 2002. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Import: Agricultural, Forestry, Fisheries And Aqu.

Export: Agricultural, Forestry, Fisheries And Aquaculture in France increased to 1779 EUR Million in March from 1637 EUR Million in February of 2020. Export: Agricultural, Forestry, Fisheries And Aqua in France averaged 1091.47 EUR Million from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1847 EUR Million in March of 2011 and a record low of 676 EUR Million in July of 2005. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Export: Agricultural, Forestry, Fisheries And Aqu.

Export: Indust & Agricultural Machines, Various Machines in France decreased to 2851 EUR Million in March from 3079 EUR Million in February of 2020. Export: Indust & Agricultural Machines, Various Ma in France averaged 2777 EUR Million from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3687 EUR Million in March of 2017 and a record low of 1664 EUR Million in August of 2003. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Export: Indust & Agricultural Machines, Various M.

Export: Natural Hydrocarbons, Prds Of Mining, Electricity in France decreased to 613 EUR Million in March from 759 EUR Million in February of 2020. Export: Natural Hydrocarbons, Prds Of Mining, Elec in France averaged 707.67 EUR Million from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1094 EUR Million in March of 2011 and a record low of 414 EUR Million in April of 2000. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Export: Natural Hydrocarbons, Prds of Mining, Ele.

Export: Natural Hydrocarbons,Prds Of Mining, Electricity in France decreased to 637 EUR Million in March from 775 EUR Million in February of 2020. Export: Natural Hydrocarbons,Prds Of Mining, Elect in France averaged 706.93 EUR Million from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1227 EUR Million in March of 2011 and a record low of 337 EUR Million in August of 2003. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Export: Natural Hydrocarbons,prds of Mining, Elec.

Natural Gas continued the uptrend into May to trade above $2/MMBtu for the first time since mid-March, on hopes that partial restarts of state economies might boost demand. On the supply side, a recent dramatic plunge in crude prices forced US shale producers to shut down production, easing the glut of natural gas and pushing prices higher. Historically, Natural gas reached an all time high of 15.78 in December of 2005. Natural gas accounts for almost a quarter of United States energy consumption. The NYMEX Division natural gas futures contract is widely used as a national benchmark price. The futures contract trades in units of 10,000 million British thermal units (mmBtu). The price is based on delivery at the Henry Hub in Louisiana, the nexus of 16 intra- and interstate natural gas pipeline systems that draw supplies from the region's prolific gas deposits. The Natural gas market prices displayed in Trading Economics are based on over-the-counter (OTC) and contract for difference (CFD) financial instruments. Our Natural gas market prices are intended to provide you with a reference only, rather than as a basis for making trading decisions. Trading Economics does not verify any data and disclaims any obligation to do so.