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Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Migration History Marked by Crises and Restrictions

One of the least developed countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has experienced significant migration outflows and inflows tied to political and economic crises in recent decades. While most Congolese migrants head to neighboring countries, destinations have diversified, with an uptick in those leaving for opportunities in Europe and beyond. This country profile explores historical and contemporary patterns of migration to and from DR Congo.




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South Korea Carefully Tests the Waters on Immigration, With a Focus on Temporary Workers

Faced with labor shortages in key sectors of the economy, South Korea has moved carefully in recent decades toward accepting greater numbers of workers—albeit in temporary fashion. Its Employment Permit System, launched in 2003, earned international accolades for bringing order and legality to immigration in the country, although several challenges remain to be addressed as this Country Profile explores.




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Australia: A Welcoming Destination for Some

Immigration has driven economic and social development in Australia for more than two centuries. Even as more than one-fourth of the country’s population is foreign born and Australia ranks third among top refugee resettlement countries worldwide, controversy surrounding its hardline treatment of asylum seekers arriving by boat has cast a shadow on its reputation as a welcoming country, as this article explores.




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How One Woman Fled Domestic Violence During COVID-19 Pandemic

Source:

When the coronavirus initially hit Colorado in early March, many flocked to grocery stores and cleared shelves, preparing to hunker down in their homes. But for Jeara and her four young children, those first days of the pandemic were different: They were settling into a domestic violence shelter after an incident involving her husband days earlier.






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Nearly 20,000 Teens in Georgia Receive Licenses Without a Road Test

Source:

The sweaty palms on the steering wheel. The repeated exclamations of "Sorry!" The nervous glances from the examiner. They're all part of the dreaded road test, which, for decades, has been a rite of passage for every U.S. teenager to obtain a driver's license. Yet now, due to the coronavirus pandemic, nearly 20,000 teens in Georgia have received licenses without taking an official road test, and Wisconsin will soon follow suit.






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Calls to European Domestic Violence Hotlines Soar Amid Lockdowns

Source:

Calls to domestic violence hotlines in Europe are up by as much as three-fifths as alcohol and drug abuse combine with close confinement in coronavirus lockdowns to fuel abuse of the most vulnerable, the World Health Organization has said.






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After 6 More Months, 31 Million New Domestic Violence Cases, Warns U.N.

Source:

Women and children are experiencing unprecedented levels of abuse and violence at home as stress and anxiety continue to mount due to the pandemic. Data from the United Nations reveal a 600% increase in the number women who have experienced partner violence, and projections suggest that if coronavirus lockdowns continue for six more months, there will be an estimated 31 million additional domestic violence cases around the world.






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Inmigrantes Centroamericanos en los Estados Unidos

La migración centroamericana a los Estados Unidos comenzó en gran números en los años ochenta, impulsada por la inestabilidad política, los desastres naturales y las dificultades económicas. Aproximadamente 3,4 millones de centroamericanos vivieron en los Estados Unidos en 2015, principalmente de El Salvador, Guatemala y Honduras. Dónde viven en los Estados Unidos, su competencia en inglés, su estado legal, las vías de inmigración, y más, están cubiertos en este artículo.




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As Lesvos Battles Migration Crisis Fatigue, the Value of Centralized Migration Decision-Making Is Questioned

As Greece's Aegean islands continue to grapple with migrants arriving on their shores, decisions regarding the needs of newcomers are negotiated in Brussels and Athens, far removed from the situation on the ground. Meanwhile, local communities have had successes in hosting migrants, as this article drawing on observations from the hospitality center and refugee camp on Lesvos explores.




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Diabetes INSIDE: Improving Population HbA1c Testing and Targets in Primary Care With a Quality Initiative

OBJECTIVE

To improve outcomes of patients with adult type 2 diabetes by decreasing HbA1c undertesting, reducing the proportion of patients with poor glycemic control, and lowering mean HbA1c levels using a quality improvement (QI) program.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Six years of outpatient electronic health record (EHR) data were analyzed for care gaps before and 2 years after implementing a QI initiative in an urban academic medical center. QI strategies included 1) individual provider and departmental outcome reports, 2) patient outreach programs to address timely follow-up care, 3) a patient awareness campaign to improve understanding of achieving clinical goals, 4) improving EHR data capture to improve population monitoring, and 5) professional education.

RESULTS

Analysis (January 2010 to May 2018) of 7,798 patients from Tulane Medical Center (mean age 61 years, 57% female, 62% black, 97% insured) with 136,004 visits showed target improvements. A Cox proportional hazards model controlling for age, sex, race, and HbA1c level showed a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c undertesting >6 months (hazard ratio 1.20 ± 0.07). Statistical process control charts showed 15.5% relative improvement in the patient proportion with HbA1c >9% (75 mmol/mol) from 13% to 11% (P < 10–6) following QI interventions and a 2.1% improvement of population mean HbA1c from 7.4% (57 mmol/mol) to 7.2% (55 mmol/mol) (P < 10–6).

CONCLUSIONS

Multidisciplinary QI teams using EHR data to design interventions for providers and patients produced statistically significant improvements in both care process and clinical outcome goals.




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The Future of Enrichment: Math Contests or Math Circles?

by Doug O’Roark Executive Director, Math Circles of Chicago The New York Times recently published an article entitled “The Right Answer? 8,186,699,633,530,061 (An Abacus Makes It Look Almost Easy)”. Its lead photograph features over 100 children seated at desks, facing … Continue reading




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Kentucky Wildcats land star Wake Forest transfer Olivier Sarr

The University of Kentucky has landed a commitment from former Wake Forest big man Olivier Sarr, one of the top transfers ahead of the 2020 season.




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Elevated Liver Function Tests in Type 2 Diabetes

Elizabeth H. Harris
Jul 1, 2005; 23:115-119
Feature Articles




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Oral Manifestations of Diabetes

Maya S. Indurkar
Jan 1, 2016; 34:54-57
Practical Pointers




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A 52-Year-Old Woman With Hypertension and Diabetes Who Presents With Chest Pain

George D. Harris
Jul 1, 2007; 25:115-118
Case Studies




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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Tracy L. Setji
Jan 1, 2005; 23:17-24
Feature Articles




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Lactation Duration and Long-term Risk for Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

OBJECTIVE

We examined the association of lactation duration with incident type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We monitored 4,372 women with a history of GDM participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II for incident type 2 diabetes over 25 years up to 2017. Lactation history was obtained through follow-up questionnaires to calculate lactation duration. Follow-up blood samples were collected from a subset of these women at median age of 58 years through the Diabetes & Women’s Health Study.

RESULTS

We documented 873 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during 87,411 person-years of follow-up. Longer duration of lactation was associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes for both total lactation (hazard ratio 1.05 [95% CI 0.83–1.34] for up to 6 months, 0.91 [0.72–1.16] for 6–12 months, 0.85 [0.67–1.06] for 12–24 months, and 0.73 [0.57–0.93] for >24 months, compared with 0 months; P-trend = 0.003) and exclusive breastfeeding (P-trend = 0.002) after adjustment for age, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, parity, age at first birth, smoking, diet quality, physical activity, and prepregnancy BMI. Longer duration of lactation was also associated with lower HbA1c, fasting plasma insulin, and C-peptide concentrations among women without type 2 diabetes at follow-up (all adjusted P-trend ≤0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Longer duration of lactation is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and a favorable glucose metabolic biomarker profile among women with a history of GDM. The underlying mechanisms and impact on diabetes complications, morbidity, and mortality remain to be determined.




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Peacock protecting duck nest in patio area of Oregon bar

Employees at an Oregon restaurant said a peacock has taken on the role of protector for a mother duck and the eggs she laid in the closed patio area.




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Watch: Rapper attempting to freestyle for more than 33 consecutive hours

A San Francisco rapper is attempting to break a Guinness World Record with a live-streamed performance featuring 33 hours, 30 minutes and 30 seconds of freestyle rapping.




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Look: Police investigating loose camel report find escaped emu instead

Police in the Netherlands said officers responding to reports of a loose camel ended up capturing an emu running wild through the city of Rotterdam.




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FDA approves first at-home saliva test for COVID-19

The first COVID-19 test using saliva samples that patients collect at home has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.




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Framingham, SCORE, and DECODE Risk Equations Do Not Provide Reliable Cardiovascular Risk Estimates in Type 2 Diabetes

Ruth L. Coleman
May 1, 2007; 30:1292-1293
BR Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk




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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Can Be Prevented by Lifestyle Intervention: The Finnish Gestational Diabetes Prevention Study (RADIEL): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Saila B. Koivusalo
Jan 1, 2016; 39:24-30
Considerations in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus




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Effects of Metformin, Metformin Plus Rosiglitazone, and Metformin Plus Lifestyle on Insulin Sensitivity and {beta}-Cell Function in TODAY

TODAY Study Group
Jun 1, 2013; 36:1749-1757
TODAY Study




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Diabetes Prevention in the Real World: Effectiveness of Pragmatic Lifestyle Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes and of the Impact of Adherence to Guideline Recommendations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Alison J. Dunkley
Apr 1, 2014; 37:922-933
Current Concepts of Type 2 Diabetes Prevention




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Globalization of Diabetes: The role of diet, lifestyle, and genes

Frank B. Hu
Jun 1, 2011; 34:1249-1257
Kelly West Award Lecture




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Report: South Korea tested new ballistic missile with larger warhead

South Korea's military tested a ballistic missile capable of carrying a 2-ton warhead in March, according to local reports on Thursday.




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Navy breaks ground on laser weapons test lab in California

Navy leaders and private contractors broke ground this week on what will become the fleet's only dedicated facility to test, fire and evaluate complete laser weapon systems in a maritime environment.




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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Examining the Impact of Modified Dietary Interventions on Maternal Glucose Control and Neonatal Birth Weight

Jennifer M. Yamamoto
Jul 1, 2018; 41:1346-1361
Reconsidering Pregnancy With Diabetes




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Investigation of the Accuracy of 18 Marketed Blood Glucose Monitors

David C. Klonoff
Aug 1, 2018; 41:1681-1688
Emerging Technologies: Data Systems and Devices




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Effect of a Lifestyle Intervention Program With Energy-Restricted Mediterranean Diet and Exercise on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: One-Year Results of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial

Jordi Salas-Salvadó
May 1, 2019; 42:777-788
Continuing Evolution of Nutritional Therapy for Diabetes




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Glucose Management Indicator (GMI): A New Term for Estimating A1C From Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Richard M. Bergenstal
Nov 1, 2018; 41:2275-2280
Perspectives in Care




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Globalization of Diabetes: The role of diet, lifestyle, and genes

Frank B. Hu
Jun 1, 2011; 34:1249-1257
Kelly West Award Lecture




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Inmigrantes centroamericanos en los Estados Unidos

Si bien se ha prestado mucha atención a los centroamericanos recién llegados a la frontera entre los Estados Unidos y México, casi la mitad de los aproximadamente 3.5 millones que vivían en los Estados Unidos en 2017 llegaron antes de 2000. Aproximadamente un tercio son ciudadanos estadounidenses y tienden a participar en la fuerza laboral con más frecuencia que otros extranjeros y estadounidenses. Descubra más en este artículo lleno de datos.




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International Experience Suggests Safe Third-Country Agreement Would Not Solve the U.S.-Mexico Border Crisis

While safe third-country agreements appear to hold the potential of deterring new asylum claims, experience suggests this may be a false promise. As the Trump administration explores the possibility of such agreements with Mexico and Guatemala, this commentary examines the evidence of safe third-country arrangements in Europe, finding them difficult to enforce and playing little role in deterring new claims.




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As the Trump Administration Seeks to Remove Families, Due-Process Questions over Rocket Dockets Abound

The U.S. government is operating accelerated dockets to handle the rising number of cases of families in immigration court. While it is essential to have timely, fair case processing and removal of those who have truly had their day in court and been found to be removable, using “rocket” dockets to speed up proceedings only heightens the breakdowns that are a recurring feature of the court system on its best day, as this commentary explains.




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USCIS Fee Increase Proposed Rule Could Represent the Latest Step in Reshaping Immigration to United States

While much attention has been given to the move by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services to raise its application fees—including an 83 percent hike to apply for U.S. citizenship—the policy changes embedded in the proposed rule have been less scrutinized. The changes, including the elimination of most fee waivers for lower-income applicants, would likely reduce the number and shift the profile of those getting a green card or other immigration status.




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As COVID-19 Slows Human Mobility, Can the Global Compact for Migration Meet the Test for a Changed Era?

The coronavirus pandemic dramatically reshaped how human mobility is managed just as the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration was beginning to move from paper to implementation. As governments face pressing public-health, economic, and other concerns in responding to COVID-19, this MPI Europe commentary explores whether the first comprehensive global agreement on migration can adjust to a changed reality.




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Invertir en el Vecindario: Cambios en los Patrones de Migración Entre México y Estados Unidos y Oportunidades para una Cooperación Sostenible

Presentación del reporte que refleja el contenido de encuentros del grupo de estudio sobre la migración México-Estados Unidos convocado por El Colegio de México y el Migration Policy Institute (MPI).




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Policy Options for Responding to Changing Migration Flows at the Southwest Border

Testimony of Andrew Selee, President of MPI, before Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs on April 4, 2019 regarding response to changing migration flows at the Southwest border.




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Soluciones estratégicas para afrontar la crisis migratoria en Estados Unidos y México

Dado el incremento de los flujos migratorios provenientes de Centroamérica, el pasado mes de junio de 2019, los Estados Unidos y México acordaron tomar una serie de medidas para reducir los flujos irregulares. Sin embargo, será muy difícil mantener estos esfuerzos de corto plazo, debido a una debilidad institucional crónica y a estructuras de política pública poco planificadas en ambos países. Este comentario ofrece cinco recomendaciones a ambos países considerando soluciones de mediano y largo plazo para disuadir la migración irregular y, al mismo tiempo, garantizar que aquellos que busquen protección tengan un proceso justo.




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Rutherford Test 2020_0226




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Dentists rank No. 2 in U.S. News & World Report’s Best Jobs report

Dentists leaped up to No. 2 in U.S. News & World Report’s annual rankings of the 100 Best Jobs, the magazine revealed on its website Jan. 7.




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ADA standards committees invite interested parties to upcoming meetings

Those interested in developing dental standards that ensure product safety and efficacy and offer useful information on new and emerging technologies can attend upcoming meetings of the American Dental Association's standards committees.




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ADA provides suggestions to help protect dentists from employee theft

Nearly 49% of responding dental practices have experienced employee theft, and nearly 46% of those have experienced theft or embezzlement more than once, according to a survey conducted by the ADA Council on Dental Practice.




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ADA provides suggestions to help protect dentists from employee theft




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Study investigates cellular mechanism behind dental fluorosis

Results from a NYU College of Dentistry study suggest how excess fluoride exposure affects the cells forming tooth enamel — possibly explaining how dental fluorosis arises.




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American Dental Board of Anesthesiology recognized as national certifying board for dental specialty

The National Commission on Recognition of Dental Specialties and Certifying Boards announced March 4 it recognizes the American Dental Board of Anesthesiology as the national certifying board for dental anesthesiology.




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New compendium summarizes best practices in oral health service delivery

Titled “Compendium of Innovations in Oral Health Service Delivery,” the 64-page digital booklet features organizations from across the country that have found success through varied measures in expanding oral care to underserved populations.




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ADA adds frequently asked questions from dentists to coronavirus resources

With the coronavirus disease now deemed a pandemic by the World Health Organization, the American Dental Association updated its webpage on the disease March 11 to include a link to frequently asked questions from member dentists covering topics such as personal protective equipment and patient communications.