Wolfgang Lindner
May 1, 1999; 103:961-967
ARTICLES

Jeffrey D. Horbar
Jun 1, 2012; 129:1019-1026
ARTICLES

Robert Guthrie
Sep 1, 1963; 32:338-343
ARTICLES

Richard A. Ehrenkranz
Aug 1, 1999; 104:280-289
ARTICLES

G. C. Liggins
Oct 1, 1972; 50:515-525
ARTICLES

Terrie E. Inder
Feb 1, 2005; 115:286-294
ARTICLES

Jeffrey D. Horbar
Jul 1, 2002; 110:143-151
ARTICLES

C. Michael Cotten
Jan 1, 2009; 123:58-66
ARTICLES

Richard A. Ehrenkranz
Apr 1, 2006; 117:1253-1261
ARTICLES

Julie A. Jaskiewicz
Sep 1, 1994; 94:390-396
COMMENTARY

Mary Ellen Avery
Jan 1, 1987; 79:26-30
ARTICLES

Andrew T. Shennan
Oct 1, 1988; 82:527-532
ARTICLES

Kate Costeloe
Oct 1, 2000; 106:659-671
ARTICLES

Betty R. Vohr
Jun 1, 2000; 105:1216-1226
ARTICLES

The IMpact-RSV Study Group
Sep 1, 1998; 102:531-537
ARTICLES

Barbara J. Stoll
Sep 1, 2010; 126:443-456
ARTICLES

Using a matched cohort design, in this study, we define the adverse clinical and financial implications of UEs in the NICU.

Through propensity score analysis, we examine the effect of living in a segregated area on the development of neonatal IVH, stratified by maternal race.

Title: FDA OKs Meningitis Vaccine for Infants
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2011 11:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2011 12:00:00 AM

Title: Low-Income Mothers May Overfeed Their Infants
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2012 10:05:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2012 12:00:00 AM

Title: Kidney Dysplasia: In Infants and Children
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/22/2012 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM

Background

Chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD), also called bronchopulmonary dysplasia, is a major consequence of preterm birth, but the role of the microbiome in its development remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed the progression of the bacterial community in ventilated preterm infants over time in the upper and lower airways, and assessed the gut–lung axis by comparing bacterial communities in the upper and lower airways with stool findings. Finally, we assessed whether the bacterial communities were associated with lung inflammation to suggest dysbiosis.

Ventilatory settings are critical in mechanically ventilated extremely preterm newborn infants due to the risk of ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) and the subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) [1]. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) settings usually rely on blood gases, oxygen requirement, lung auscultation, evaluation of chest radiograph and assessment of the pressure/volume curves provided by ventilators. Studies of optimal PEEP settings in the surfactant-treated preterm infant in need of mechanical ventilation are limited and evidence-based clinical guidelines are sparse [2, 3]. A bedside method identifying the PEEP value that comprises maximal lung volume recruitment and minimising tissue overdistension could improve real-time optimisation of PEEP and potentially minimise the risk of VILI and BPD [4, 5].

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) believes that current data show that hospitals and accredited birth centers are the safest settings for birth in the United States. The AAP does not recommend planned home birth, which has been reported to be associated with a twofold to threefold increase in infant mortality in the United States. The AAP recognizes that women may choose to plan a home birth. This statement is intended to help pediatricians provide constructive, informed counsel to women considering home birth while retaining their role as child advocates and to summarize appropriate care for newborn infants born at home that is consistent with care provided for infants born in a medical care facility. Regardless of the circumstances of his or her birth, including location, every newborn infant deserves health care consistent with that highlighted in this statement, which is more completely described in other publications from the AAP, including Guidelines for Perinatal Care and the Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation. All health care clinicians and institutions should promote communications and understanding on the basis of professional interaction and mutual respect.

As the technical ability for genetic diagnosis continues to improve, an increasing number of diagnoses are made in infancy or as early as the neonatal period. Many of these diagnoses are known to be associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability, features that would not be clinically detectable at the time of diagnosis. Others may be associated with cognitive impairment, but the incidence and severity are yet to be fully described. These neonates and infants with genetic diagnoses therefore represent an emerging group of patients who are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities. Although there are well-established developmental supports for high-risk infants, particularly preterm infants, after discharge from the NICU, programs specifically for infants with genetic diagnoses are rare. And although previous research has demonstrated the positive effect of early developmental interventions on outcomes among preterm infants, the impact of such supports for infants with genetic disorders who may be born term, remains to be understood. We therefore review the literature regarding existing developmental assessment and intervention approaches for children with genetic disorders, evaluating these in the context of current developmental supports postdischarge for preterm infants. Further research into the role of developmental support programs for early assessment and intervention in high-risk neonates diagnosed with rare genetic disorders is needed.

Approximately half of all pediatric tracheostomies are performed in infants younger than 1 year. Most tracheostomies in patients in the NICU are performed in cases of chronic respiratory failure requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation or upper airway obstruction. With improvements in ventilation and management of long-term intubation, indications for tracheostomy and perioperative management in this population continue to evolve. Evidence-based protocols to guide routine postoperative care, prevent and manage tracheostomy emergencies including accidental decannulation and tube obstruction, and attempt elective decannulation are sparse. Clinician awareness of safe tracheostomy practices and larger, prospective studies in infants are needed to improve clinical care of this vulnerable population.

New research finds that sleep problems in a baby's first 12 months may not only precede an autism diagnosis, but also may be associated with altered growth trajectory in a key part of the brain, the hippocampus.

The following is a brief roundup of the latest scientific studies on the novel coronavirus and efforts to find treatments and vaccines for COVID-19, the illness caused by the virus.

The following is a brief roundup of the latest scientific studies on the novel coronavirus and efforts to find treatments and vaccines for COVID-19, the illness caused by the virus. A new antibody test is highly accurate at determining whether people have been infected with the novel coronavirus, according to a study published on Friday in The Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Researchers at the University of Washington School of Medicine found the test, manufactured by Abbott Laboratories, had a specificity rate of 99.9% and a sensitivity rate of 100%, suggesting little chance of incorrectly diagnosing a healthy person as having been infected and virtually no chance of a false negative readout.

Poor maternal oral health can significantly affect the health of the infants, finds a study conducted at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

A 10-Step Model has been created by a Nurse-researcher- Diane Spatz to help Mothers Breastfeed their Critically Ill babies. The findings of study are

Initiating antiretroviral therapy immediately after birth can significantly shrinks the reservoir of HIV virus, an important step in efforts to cure infections.

In some kids with HIV, starting the antiretroviral therapy (ART) within hours of birth has been hypothesized to have positive effects raising the possibility

Sleep disruption occurs more often among children with autism, and brain development may be affected.

In premature infants, very low dose of Avastin (bevacizumab) was found to prevent blindness from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), revealed results from

Sleep disruption occurs more often among children with autism, and brain development may be affected.br Infants spend most of their first year of life asleep.

Most Tennessee infants exposed to hepatitis C at birth are not later tested to see if they acquired the virus, according to a study by researchers at Monroe Carell Jr.

Online Resource

Martin-Lynch, Pamela, author

Sims, Margaret, 1955- author

This week, we discuss the most accurate digital model of a human face to date, stray Wi-Fi signals that can be used to spy on a closed room, and artificial intelligence that can predict Supreme Court decisions with Online News Editor Catherine Matacic. Caroline Hartley joins Sarah Crespi to discuss a scan that can detect pain in babies—a useful tool when they can’t tell you whether something really hurts. Listen to previous podcasts. See more book segments.

High infant mortality was one of the reasons for the hasty burial of the young.