Chronic sleep deprivation is a common, treatable condition among adolescents. Growing literature supports a myriad consequences that impact overall health, behavior, mood, and academic performance in this vulnerable age group during a time when there are rapid changes in physical development and emotional regulation. This article reviews the epidemiology and health effects of sleep deprivation in adolescents as well as common disorders leading to sleep loss and evidence to support treatment. Although a variety of important sleep disorders may disrupt quality of sleep in adolescents, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, and narcolepsy, this article will focus on common disorders that affect the quantity of sleep, such as poor sleep hygiene, circadian rhythm disorders, and insomnia.

In response to the growing impact of the current opioid public health crisis in the United States on adolescents and young adults, pediatricians have an expanding role in identifying opioid use early, preventing escalation of risky use, reducing opioid-related harms, and delivering effective therapies. Research and expert consensus suggest the use of brief interventions focused on reducing risks associated with ongoing opioid use and using motivational interviewing strategies to engage youth in treatment. Because fatal opioid overdose remains a major cause of opioid-related mortality among youth, delivering overdose education as part of any visit in which a youth endorses opioid use is one evidence-based strategy to decrease the burden of opioid-related mortality. For youth that are injecting opioids, safe injection practices and linkage to needle or syringe exchanges should be considered to reduce complications from injection drug use. It is crucial that youth be offered treatment at the time of diagnosis of an opioid use disorder (OUD), including medications, behavioral interventions, and/or referral to mutual support groups. The 2 medications commonly used for office-based OUD treatment in adolescents are extended-release naltrexone (opioid antagonist) and buprenorphine (partial opioid agonist), although there is a significant treatment gap in prescribing these medications to youth, especially adolescents <18 years of age. Addiction is a pediatric disease that pediatricians and adolescent medicine physicians are uniquely poised to manage, given their expertise in longitudinal, preventive, and family- and patient-centered care. Growing evidence supports the need for integration of OUD treatment into primary care.

OM worker is amazed to see God change lives, as he peers over his book table on a busy Muslim street in Australia.

Words: Abbie Lyall

A Fin24 user wants to know whether paying off a car loan or credit card will make her credit score 'look better.'

A Fin24 user who was forced into early retirement is struggling to pay credit card debt amounting to over R109 000. An expert responds.

A Fin24 user urgently seeks guidance on how to pay off debt owing to the amount of R82 000. An expert responds with workable solutions.

A landlord asks if his current tenants will still be able to move out at the end of the month as planned and whether his new tenant would be hindered from taking occupation. An attorney responds.

WELL, I don't know about you but my central heating has already been on twice in September and although I don't need much of an excuse to delve into the big heavy reds, two heating days is my current one.

RIESLING is perhaps the most famous, unappreciated, abused and generally misunderstood wine of all time and it’s probably also the one most of us cut our teeth on many years ago.

OK, most of us will never be able to enjoy the first growths from Bordeaux, but you don't have to spend a grand on a bottle to realise that when it comes to cabernet and merlot blends, Bordeaux is still the region to beat.

IT would appear that nostalgia is in the air this season as I've never fielded more questions about sherry in my 25 years in the wine game. If that translates into sales there will be some very happy Spaniards in Jerez this year and it’s about time.

GO ON, be honest, when was the last time you picked a bottle of Australian cabernet off the shelf? Cab merlot or cab shiraz perhaps but cabernet on its own seems to have fallen out of favour with the public these days but it’s such a shame as it really is the undisputed King of Australian wines.

In conjunction with the soft launch, Apple uploaded 10 YouTube videos that explain how consumers can apply for the credit card and use it. Sign up in the iPhone's Wallet app.

A FROSTY morning and the sun is yet to rise sluggishly over the horizon. Outside, though, already snippets of chirping bird song ring out from the pitch blackness. In my mind’s eye, I imagine little groups huddled high among the branches of the trees. Waiting and watching.

Australia's central bank has predicted that the country is facing its biggest economic contraction on record.

In a country with few evangelical churches, OM Austria aims to establish a worship point in every town with a population over 5,000.

OM sees spiritual breakthrough when the University of Music and Performing Arts hosts an evangelistic concert – something not thought possible a few years ago.

We find out how youngsters in Spain are taught a certain playing style from an early age.

We investigate a golden era of Spanish youth football.

UEFA recognises the most notible contributions to grassroots football in 2011.

Against the backdrop of the global corona crisis and a collapse in flight operations, the Supervisory Board today set the important course for the development of the airport company after commissioning BER.

Actor and Celebrity MasterChef winner John Partridge shares his culinary journey of recovery and grief with Jenny Stallard.

James Morton's pave rustique recipe will likely become a lockdown favourite, says Ella Walker.

South Korea says its troops have exchanged fire with North Korea along their tense land border.

At a time when there are no entertainment events being held, players in the industry are looking at options to remain relevant.Music video director Rohan Kashwayne Edwards believes there is an even greater demand for music videos during this COVID-19 crisis.

Dear Editor,The United States' debt is some US$25 trillion. This debt grew by US$1 trillion in 35 days (April 1 to May 5). The US will likely not be able to permanently stop quantitative easing (money creation). This level of debt is similar to the US debt after World War II, but the US is no longer the factory of the world.

Brian Poole in Latin America shares how God has woven together his twin passions for business and missions.

Choose a fragrant gift for your gardening mum, whether it's plants, flowers or botanicals. Hannah Stephenson sniffs out 10 ideas.

Give your skin a tasty treat and cook up your own beauty recipes, says Sandra Dick

SCOTLAND is struggling to meet its targets for new affordable homes despite government funding.

Calabash African Restaurant

Big Zuu is headed back out on tour - but not as we know it.

Some things just instinctively go together, brandy and a good cigar, vintage port and blue cheese, then there's Chardonnay and oak barrels!

Anna and Sarah knock boldly on brothel doors in Central Europe, requesting permission to speak to the ladies inside.

OM first looked to other organisations to provide practical aid but now couples relief and development with its core vision.

OM is known for action, not reflection; for pioneering, not reminiscing. Still, we are wise to celebrate milestones and learn from our past, whatever will serve us well for today and tomorrow.

Inspired by the Good Shepherd who leaves the flock to look for the one, workers publish the Truth in Nivkh dialects though the people group is small.

OM Ministry Leader, Lenna Lidstone, discusses how to use Discovery Bible Studies to see vibrant communities of Jesus Followers among the least reached.

In Arctic Russia, reindeer are the Nenets' life. Living among these people, ES longs for the Nenets to know Jesus, the true source of life.

On the potholed drive home from the pub the other night, a creature ran into the beam of our lights. Long, low and lean, for a moment it looked like an otter. One has occasionally been sighted in our village, though like Loch Ness’s fabled monster this is a source of some dispute. But in another second it was clear that this beast was not from the riverbank but the woods.

One of the loveliest towns in Italy is the walled city of San Gimignano, an hour’s drive from Florence. When I first visited it was bleak midwinter and all but a few shops and cafes were shuttered against the sleet. Its claim to fame is a profusion of medieval towers, hence its hyperbolic label as the Manhattan of Tuscany. When I arrived these fortresses soared overhead, making shadowy streets even darker.

Strimmers, bonfires and netting are among garden hazards that can harm hedgehogs, so take precautions during Hedgehog Awareness Week and beyond.

Are you frightened of your garden? Terrified of killing your plants and overwhelmed by the sheer choice of species?

If you're yearning for all the gardening shows that have been cancelled, you can still be inspired by exploring gorgeous virtual gardens now and throughout the summer, from the comfort of your armchair.

During the present crisis, many more of us are turning to Grow Your Own. This lets us enjoy much fresher and tastier veg than from a weekly shop, especially if that languishes in the fridge for days. And we won’t be relying on imports that could become less accessible.

Inverness Botanic Gardens

Police have charged a man after a spate of poisonings killed birds of prey over a two-year period.

WHETHER through shrewd planning, good fortune or a bit of both, Edinburgh managed to complete the bulk of their business for next season before rugby came grinding to a halt. When precisely play resumes is, of course, unknown and out of their control, but they are at least confident that they will be in good shape to hit the ground running.

DAVE Rennie believes that Leinster deserve to be awarded the PRO14 title, and is convinced that such a solution would be better for player welfare and the integrity of the competition than dragging this season on into late summer or autumn.