The gross borrowing needs of OECD governments are projected to increase slightly to around USD 10.9 trillion in 2013, up from the already high level of USD 10.8 trillion in 2012, according to a new OECD report.

The management of operational risk is at the heart of efficient government, but countries often fail to apply good or even routine operational risk management practices and have difficulty in understanding how to put the processes in place. This paper sets out a widely-applicable and relevant policy approach and management framework and illustrates its practical application in Turkey.

Governments are major issuers of debt instruments in the global financial market. This volume provides quantitative information on central government debt instruments for the 34 OECD countries.

This statistical yearbook provides quantitative information on African central government debt instruments. It includes individual country data but also comparative statistics to facilitate pan-African (cross-country) analysis.

Nepal recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 8.90 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Budget in Nepal averaged -3.50 percent of GDP from 1999 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.90 percent of GDP in 2014 and a record low of -8.90 percent of GDP in 2018. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Nepal Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Spending in Nepal increased to 113731 NPR Million in 2018 from 104989 NPR Million in 2017. Government Spending in Nepal averaged 65645.63 NPR Million from 2000 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 113731 NPR Million in 2018 and a record low of 35785 NPR Million in 2000. This page provides - Nepal Government Spending- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Nepal recorded a government debt equivalent to 30.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Nepal averaged 44.34 percent from 1999 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 69.50 percent in 2001 and a record low of 25.30 percent in 2015. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Nepal Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Rwanda recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 4.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Budget in Rwanda averaged -2.78 percent of GDP from 2006 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.10 percent of GDP in 2010 and a record low of -5.30 percent of GDP in 2013. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Rwanda Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

These country notes contain indicators which compare the political and institutional frameworks of national governments as well as revenues and expenditures, employment, and compensation. They include a description of government policies on integrity, e-government and open government.

Government at a Glance provides a dashboard of key indicators to help you analyse international comparisons of public sector performance.

Brunei recorded a government debt equivalent to 2.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Brunei averaged 0.74 percent from 1985 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3.20 percent in 2014 and a record low of 0 percent in 1986. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Brunei Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Brunei recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 8.60 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Budget in Brunei averaged 5.76 percent of GDP from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 27.90 percent of GDP in 2008 and a record low of -18.30 percent of GDP in 2016. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Brunei Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Spending in Malawi increased to 139966.40 MWK Million in 2018 from 134737.90 MWK Million in 2017. Government Spending in Malawi averaged 90742.62 MWK Million from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 139966.40 MWK Million in 2018 and a record low of 27173.70 MWK Million in 2002. Government Spending refers to public expenditure on goods and services and is a major component of the GDP. Government spending policies like setting up budget targets, adjusting taxation, increasing public expenditure and public works are very effective tools in influencing economic growth. This page provides - Malawi Government Spending - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a government budget deficit of 33.90 MWK Billion in December of 2019. Government Budget Value in Malawi averaged -12.35 MWK Billion from 2012 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 56.50 MWK Billion in June of 2014 and a record low of -54.50 MWK Billion in November of 2018. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides - Malawi Government Budget Value- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Greece increased to 356014.92 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 353850.25 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Greece averaged 304520.13 EUR Million from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 367978 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2011 and a record low of 215415.74 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2005. This page provides the latest reported value for - Greece Central Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Greece recorded a government budget deficit of 715.30 EUR Million in March of 2020. Government Budget Value in Greece averaged -4933.55 EUR Million from 1995 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 22737.60 EUR Million in October of 1998 and a record low of -30872 EUR Million in December of 2009. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides the latest reported value for - Greece Government Budget Value - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Cyprus recorded a government budget deficit of 277.40 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019. Government Budget Value in Cyprus averaged -104.93 EUR Million from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 417.30 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of -1522.40 EUR Million in the first quarter of 2014. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides - Cyprus Government Budget Value - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría has welcomed the measures adopted by the Italian government to address fiscal sustainability while boosting growth and equity.

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría welcomes the Spanish government's budget and the economic policy measures announced yesterday.

The gross borrowing needs of OECD governments are projected to increase slightly to around USD 10.9 trillion in 2013, up from the already high level of USD 10.8 trillion in 2012, according to a new OECD report.

Japan is poised for an economic expansion, but long-term growth prospects remain contingent on additional efforts to revitalise the economy and reduce unsustainable levels of public debt, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Survey of Japan.

Austerity programmes to restore order to public finances can add to the woes of already struggling economies, leading to more job losses and social hardship. But there are ways for governments to put their fiscal houses in order, while supporting growth and reducing income inequality at the same time.

Italy has made considerable progress in strengthening its public finances and adopting wide-ranging reforms to boost economic growth. The new government must build on past achievements and ensure that they are sustained and reinforced, says a new OECD report.

Government bond yields have recently increased in many OECD countries from rock-bottom levels and a further increase is likely with the normalisation of monetary policies.

Future generations will pay a high price if countries fail to reform pension, health care and unemployment schemes, according to a new OECD report.

This paper describes developments in real long-term interest rates in the main OECD economies and surveys their various determinants. Real long-term government bond yields declined from the 1980s to very low levels in the recent period, though they have not reached the historical lows of the 1970s.

Full implementation of the structural reforms adopted and announced in France would boost potential annual economic growth by one third, or 0.4 percentage points per year over ten years, according to the OECD.

Governments should set prudent debt targets to ensure that public finances serve to promote economic growth and stability, according to new OECD research.

Governments should use tax policy to drive forward economic agendas that seek to boost growth while sharing the benefits more evenly within society, according to a new OECD report.

This paper contributes to the empirical literature investigating reasons for the fall in real interest rates in advanced economies.

This paper estimates urban and rural poverty rates across five Chinese administrative regions (Shanghai, Liaoning, Guangdong, Henan and Gansu) in 2014 using representative household level data from the China Family Panel Studies survey.

This paper investigates the effect of structural characteristics on debt limits of middle income countries.

This paper provides robust empirical evidence that government effectiveness is a key determinant of sovereign defaults.

Brazil’s supreme audit institution – the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) – has began a process to reform its audit of the Accounts of the President of the Republic to enhance transparency and accountability of federal budget execution.

Secretary-General Angel Gurría welcomes a network of senior officials attending the 31st Centres of Government (COG) meeting held in London. Highlights include the importance of institutions in economic reform through improved co-ordination, outreach and transparency.

Brazil’s supreme audit institution – the Federal Court of Accounts (TCU) – has began a process to reform its audit of the Accounts of the President of the Republic to enhance transparency and accountability of federal budget execution.

Austerity programmes to restore order to public finances can add to the woes of already struggling economies, leading to more job losses and social hardship. But there are ways for governments to put their fiscal houses in order, while supporting growth and reducing income inequality at the same time.

Governments are major issuers of debt instruments in the global financial market. This volume provides quantitative information on central government debt instruments for the 34 OECD countries.

This paper provides an overview of fiscal consolidation efforts at the central and sub-central government level, both during the current and past consolidation episodes.

Fiscal rules that constrain sub-central government (SCG) budgeting are very common across the OECD, but there are substantial cross-country differences in their implementation and impact. This paper presents the 2011 update of the fiscal rules database established in 2005.

This paper provides empirical analysis that measures the cyclical properties of intergovernmental transfers (or grants). Modelling a fiscal policy reaction function this paper tests whether the transfers systems in OECD countries are pro- or counter-cyclical, i.e. whether they offset cyclical fluctuations of sub-central economies or, on the contrary, exacerbate them.

Today’s post is by Arthur Mickoleit of the OECD’s Directorate for Public Governance and Territorial Development. Inputs from Kareen Schramm and Sofia Varas of Chile’s Ministry General‑Secretariat of the Presidency are gratefully acknowledged.

Today’s post is from Kate Lancaster, editor in charge of publications on government finance at the OECD. Government budgets are news. Tough choices have had to be made in these challenging economic times and we’re all interested in how our governments are managing our money.

This Forum took stock of the key challenges and trends in regulating money in politics; identify emerging risks and opportunities; shape a common understanding of the policy options ahead and trade-offs in enhancing fairness, integrity and transparency in decision making including in the realm of political finance; and mobilise partners to work together and promote synergies in the future agenda.

The global economic crisis has undermined trust in government. Today only four out of ten citizens in OECD countries say they have confidence in their national authorities. Not surprisingly, trust declined in the countries hit hardest by the crisis, such as Ireland, Greece, Slovenia and Portugal.

This blog, by Wikichild co-ordinator Melinda George, takes a look at the well-being aspects and the quality of public service provision in the OECD's "Government at a Glance 2013" report. The post is part of Wikiprogress' December spotlight on governance.

This blog post on trust in governments is a compilation of presentations given at the OECD Workshop entitled "Joint Learning for an OECD Trust Strategy", held on 14 October 2013.

In the wake of the financial crisis there has been renewed focus on the importance of a country’s net external debt position in determining domestic interest rates and, relatedly, its vulnerability to a crisis. This paper extends the panel estimation of OECD countries described in Turner and Spinelli (2012) to investigate the effect of external debt and its interaction with government debt on the interest-rate-growth differential.

Taking a ruler to our rulers: Government at a Glance Quiz

Recommendation of the OECD Council on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government