Lennart Mucke
Jun 1, 2000; 20:4050-4058
Cellular

Michael N. Shadlen
May 15, 1998; 18:3870-3896
Articles

Far-right groups and individuals in the United States are exploiting the COVID-19 pandemic to promote disinformation, hate, extremism and authoritarianism. "COVID-19 has been seized by far-right groups as an opportunity to call for extreme violence," states a report from ISD, based on a combination of natural language processing, network analysis and ethnographic online research.

Warren Buffet once said, "Only when the tide goes out do you discover who's been swimming naked." You can cover over a host of sins when times are good, but bad or unsafe practices will be exposed when times are rough. Time and experience have borne out the accuracy of this witticism in the financial arena -- and we're now seeing its applicability to the intersection of infosec and COVID-19.

Story: Several apostles affiliated with the movement helped organize or spoke at Rick Perry's recent prayer rally. A leading apostle, C. Peter Wagner, talks about the movement and its missions, which include acquiring leadership positions in government, the media, and arts and entertainment.

Adaptive coding of stimuli is well documented in perception, where it supports efficient encoding over a broad range of possible percepts. Recently, a similar neural mechanism has been reported also in value-based decision, where it allows optimal encoding of vast ranges of values in PFC: neuronal response to value depends on the choice context (relative coding), rather than being invariant across contexts (absolute coding). Additionally, value learning is sensitive to the amount of feedback information: providing complete feedback (both obtained and forgone outcomes) instead of partial feedback (only obtained outcome) improves learning. However, it is unclear whether relative coding occurs in all PFC regions and how it is affected by feedback information. We systematically investigated univariate and multivariate feedback encoding in various mPFC regions and compared three modes of neural coding: absolute, partially-adaptive and fully-adaptive.

Twenty-eight human participants (both sexes) performed a learning task while undergoing fMRI scanning. On each trial, they chose between two symbols associated with a certain outcome. Then, the decision outcome was revealed. Notably, in one-half of the trials participants received partial feedback, whereas in the other half they got complete feedback. We used univariate and multivariate analysis to explore value encoding in different feedback conditions.

We found that both obtained and forgone outcomes were encoded in mPFC, but with opposite sign in its ventral and dorsal subdivisions. Moreover, we showed that increasing feedback information induced a switch from absolute to relative coding. Our results suggest that complete feedback information enhances context-dependent outcome encoding.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study offers a systematic investigation of the effect of the amount of feedback information (partial vs complete) on univariate and multivariate outcome value encoding, within multiple regions in mPFC and cingulate cortex that are critical for value-based decisions and behavioral adaptation. Moreover, we provide the first comparison of three possible models of neural coding (i.e., absolute, partially-adaptive, and fully-adaptive coding) of value signal in these regions, by using commensurable measures of prediction accuracy. Taken together, our results help build a more comprehensive picture of how the human brain encodes and processes outcome value. In particular, our results suggest that simultaneous presentation of obtained and foregone outcomes promotes relative value representation.

Bisti Badlands’ bizarre eggs bring a bit of Easter to the New Mexico desert

Smithsonian folklorist James Deutsch says the fast spread of stories and memes are cultural expressions that build cohesion and support

Mary Ellen Dalgleish, a poultry expert at Purity Feeds in Kamloops, B.C., believes the increased interest in backyard chickens follows concerns about food security when consumers saw grocery store shelves cleared out early in the COVID-19 pandemic in B.C.

Central Bank of Chile Working Papers by Carlos Madeira

Apple's latest iOS 13.5 beta release includes a new Health app feature that allows iPhone and Apple Watch users to automatically send Medical ID information to first responders.

Over an eight-day period, 18 Ride2Transform cyclists travelled 690 kilometers, participating in a personal journey with the Lord and praying for the country of Malawi.

It's an unforgettable experience!” OM Mexico’s missions training impacts one participant’s life, who then returns to the training as a staff member.

A worker becomes friends with twin sisters and sees God transform both lives.

A remarkable story which came to a climax on February 23 this year when OM Ireland took possession of the deeds to Lacken House as their new headquarters and ministry centre.

Turning organic waste into bio-fuel and French-fry oil into bio-diesel; all these are innovative ways of building sustainable income for the church in Kaharlyk.

Dear Editor,Rumours have more potential to cause chaos now more than ever before. Previously, misconceptions and mischaracterisations took longer to infect the minds of a society. Maybe that left us unprepared.

During prenatal counseling for prematurity, information is provided to expectant parents to empower them to participate in the medical-care decision-making regarding their child. However, numerous studies have shown that providing information effectively during preterm labor is challenging.

The current study provides evidence that effectiveness of counseling can be improved by providing written information to parents before the face-to-face verbal counseling. Appropriately presented, detailed information improves knowledge and decreases maternal anxiety. (Read the full article)

Detained youth represent a vulnerable pediatric population with worse health outcomes than their nondetained peers. To date, little work has been done to determine whether health information technologies may be effectively used to improve the health of this underserved population.

The Internet is accessible to youth involved in the juvenile justice system. A securely accessible online system to store detained youth’s health information may be both feasible and acceptable for engaging these adolescents more actively in their health care. (Read the full article)

Information is limited on adoption of fully functional electronic health records (EHRs) in office-based pediatric practices, such as rates of adoption, barriers to adoption, and features that pediatricians choose.

A nationwide survey of members of the AAP in 2009 found that pediatric adoption of fully functional EHRs lags general adoption. Barriers include financial and productivity concerns, but pediatricians are also concerned about finding systems that meet their specific needs. (Read the full article)

Infants and toddlers with deformational plagiocephaly (DP) score lower on developmental measures than children without DP and lower than expected relative to test norms.

This study is the first to examine developmental outcomes in preschool-aged children with DP relative to demographically similar children without DP using a standardized, clinician administered assessment. (Read the full article)

Congenital pulmonary malformations are mostly identified prenatally. At birth, some children develop respiratory distress, which may be sufficiently severe to require mechanical ventilation and immediate surgery. The factors predictive of neonatal respiratory distress are not well defined.

Malformation volume and prenatal signs of intrathoracic compression are significant risk factors for respiratory complications at birth in fetuses with pulmonary malformations. In such situations, the delivery should take place in a tertiary care center. (Read the full article)

Participate in a chat about how multimedia tools are transforming teaching and learning in core academic subjects.

Two things are true as I sort through my reflections on transformative learning experiences: We need intensive, immersive opportunities for learning (such as a trip to Kenya) and we also need to build in mini-opportunities for transformative learning every day.

The UEFA Futsal EURO is to be expanded to 16 teams and will become a tournament played every four years, starting from 2022.

The UEFA Futsal EURO is to be expanded to 16 teams and will become a tournament played every four years, starting from 2022.

A new structure begins next year, incorporating UEFA Nations League-style groups in a two-season cycle.

Media literacy belongs in science class, insists Media Literacy Now’s Andy Zucker. Here’s how to bring it there.

Elementary school teachers in the Peach State are using "game-based" formative assessments to take a pulse on their students' learning.

Virtual visits provide opportunities to learn about what Penn State York has to offer. Programming scheduled through May.

(Last updated: 08.05.2020) Find out here about the current situation at Schönefeld and Tegel Airports.

UEFA's head of women's football Nadine Kessler explains why the 2021/22 switch to a group format is a win-win – for clubs, players and fans.

Two young Bangladeshi women experienced great joy and release from the OM tailoring courses, bringing dignity, honour and financial gain to their communities and families.

DOVER — Delaware homeowners who face foreclosure, have fallen behind on their mortgage payments, or have questions about their mortgage can meet with lenders and housing counselors at two upcoming workshops in Dover on May 15 and Wilmington on May 16. At each free workshop, homeowners can also get information from the Attorney General’s Office […]

DOVER — Delaware homeowners who face foreclosure, have fallen behind on their mortgage payments, or have questions about their mortgage can meet with lenders and housing counselors at two upcoming workshops in Dover on November 13 and Wilmington on November 14. At each free workshop, homeowners can also get information from the Attorney General’s Office […]

A new home-and-away qualifying group stage is among the changes leading to the first 16-team final tournament.

States don't routinely collect information on districts' materials purchases. If they plan to use curriculum as a lever to improve student learning, they should, a new brief argues.

OM workers in Central Asia use technology to develop new discipleship and worship tools for local believers.

One OM couple uses Transformation Prayer Ministry to help followers of Jesus in Central Asia find freedom from lies they have believed.

Alireza Mansouri and Fattaneh Taghiyareh: Human interactions and opinion exchanges lead to social opinion dynamics, which is well described by opinion formation models. In these models, a random parameter is usually considered as the system noise, indicating the individual's inexplicable opinion changes. This noise could be an indicator of any other influential factors, such as public media, affects, and emotions. We study phase transitions, changes from one social phase to another, for various noise levels in a discrete opinion formation model based on the social impact theory with a scale-free random network as its interaction network topology. We also generate another similar model using the concept of social power based on the agents' node degrees in the interaction network as an estimation for their persuasiveness and supportiveness strengths and compare both models from phase transition viewpoint. We show by agent-based simulation and analytical considerations how opinion phases, including majority and non-majority, are formed in terms of the initial population of agents in opinion groups and noise levels. Two factors affect the system phase in equilibrium when the noise level increases: breaking up more segregated groups and dominance of stochastic behavior of the agents on their deterministic behavior. In the high enough noise levels, the system reaches a non-majority phase in equilibrium, regardless of the initial combination of opinion groups. In relatively low noise levels, the original model and the model whose agents' strengths are proportional to their centrality have different behaviors. The presence of a few high-connected influential leaders in the latter model consequences a different behavior in reaching equilibrium phase and different thresholds of noise levels for phase transitions.

Here Mudassar Ahmed Khan has explained with an example, how to set dd/MM/yyyy Date format in Bootstrap DatePicker (Calendar). The Bootstrap DatePicker supports multiple Date formats and in order to set the dd/MM/yyyy Date format, the format property needs to be set.

NEW CASTLE (October 9, 2019) – The Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) is seeking applications from Delaware health care providers for one-time, health information exchange (HIE) support mini-grants to adopt the full range of health information exchange tools offered by the Delaware Health Information Network (DHIN). DHIN is Delaware’s Health Information Exchange (HIE) […]

With recent cases of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) reported in several countries including the U.S., health officials across the nation are increasing monitoring efforts to identify potential cases. The Division of Public Health (DPH) has posted information on its website https://dhss.delaware.gov/dhss/dph and we are sharing information about 2019-nCoV and our activities related to the outbreak.