Biden's campaign announced March 31 that the 2020 Democratic presidential candidate backs two local attempts to raise more tax revenue for schools.

These tools encourage school administrators to gather as much information as possible about the students who will be entering kindergarten and the early-learning offerings in their communities.

A suburban Indianapolis district is signing up teachers to drive school buses before and after their usual time in the classroom.

The second College Football Playoff rankings produced some positives and negatives for teams. Here are the winners and losers from Tuesday's reveal:

While Tuesday is exciting because college hoops fans get to take in the Champions Classic, the College Football Playoff results after this past week were released after the first of two basketball games on ESPN. Ohio State football, as expected, stay

Holly Oakley
Oct 4, 2006; 26:10129-10140
Neurobiology of Disease

Mitchell G. Spring
Oct 9, 2024; 44:e0602242024-e0602242024
BehavioralSystemsCognitive

Randy L. Buckner
Aug 24, 2005; 25:7709-7717
Neurobiology of Disease

Holly Oakley
Oct 4, 2006; 26:10129-10140
Neurobiology of Disease

Serotonin modulates diverse phenotypes and functions including depressive, aggressive, impulsive, and feeding behaviors, all of which have reward-related components. To date, research has focused on understanding these effects by measuring and manipulating dorsal raphe serotonin neurons and using single-receptor approaches. These studies have led to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of serotonin actions on behavior; however, they leave open many questions about the timing and location of serotonin's actions modulating the neural circuits that drive these behaviors. Recent advances in genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors, including the GPCR activation-based sensor for serotonin (GRAB-5-HT), enable the measurement of serotonin release in mice on a timescale compatible with a single rewarding event without corelease confounds. Given substantial evidence from slice electrophysiology experiments showing that serotonin influences neural activity of the striatal circuitry, and the known role of the dorsal medial striatal (DMS) in reward-directed behavior, we focused on understanding the parameters and timing that govern serotonin release in the DMS in the context of reward consumption, external reward value, internal state, and cued reward. Overall, we found that serotonin release is associated with each of these and encodes reward anticipation, value, approach, and consumption in the DMS.

Neuronal cytotoxic edema is implicated in neuronal injury and death, yet mitigating brain edema with osmotic and surgical interventions yields poor clinical outcomes. Importantly, neuronal swelling and its downstream consequences during early brain development remain poorly investigated, and new treatment approaches are needed. We explored Ca²⁺-dependent downstream effects after neuronal cytotoxic edema caused by diverse injuries in mice of both sexes using multiphoton Ca²⁺ imaging in vivo [Postnatal Day (P)12–17] and in acute brain slices (P8–12). After different excitotoxic insults, cytosolic GCaMP6s translocated into the nucleus after a few minutes in a subpopulation of neurons, persisting for hours. We used an automated morphology-detection algorithm to detect neuronal soma and quantified the nuclear translocation of GCaMP6s as the nuclear to cytosolic intensity (N/C ratio). Elevated neuronal N/C ratios occurred concurrently with persistent elevation in Ca²⁺ loads and could also occur independently from neuronal swelling. Electron microscopy revealed that the nuclear translocation was associated with the increased nuclear pore size. The nuclear accumulation of GCaMP6s in neurons led to neocortical circuit dysfunction, mitochondrial pathology, and increased cell death. Inhibiting calpains, a family of Ca²⁺-activated proteases, prevented elevated N/C ratios and neuronal swelling. In summary, in the developing brain, we identified a calpain-dependent alteration of nuclear transport in a subpopulation of neurons after disease-relevant insults leading to long-term circuit dysfunction and cell death. The nuclear translocation of GCaMP6 and other cytosolic proteins after acute excitotoxicity can be an early biomarker of brain injury in the developing brain.

Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have associated intronic variants in PDE4B, encoding cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE4B), with increased risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as schizophrenia and substance use disorders that are often comorbid with it. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of genetic risk involving PDE4B are poorly understood. To examine the effects of PDE4B variation on phenotypes with translational relevance to psychiatric disorders, we focused on PDE4B missense variant M220T, which is present in the human genome as rare coding variant rs775201287. When expressed in HEK-293 cells, PDE4B1-M220T exhibited an attenuated response to a forskolin-elicited increase in the intracellular cAMP concentration. In behavioral tests, homozygous Pde4b^M220T male mice with a C57BL/6JJcl background exhibited increased reactivity to novel environments, startle hyperreactivity, prepulse inhibition deficits, altered cued fear conditioning, and enhanced spatial memory, accompanied by an increase in cAMP signaling pathway-regulated expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. In response to a traumatic event (10 tone–shock pairings), neuronal activity was decreased in the cortex but enhanced in the amygdala and hippocampus of Pde4b^M220T mice. At 24 h post-trauma, Pde4b^M220T mice exhibited increased startle hyperreactivity and decreased plasma corticosterone levels, similar to phenotypes exhibited by PTSD patients. Trauma-exposed Pde4b^M220T mice also exhibited a slower decay in freezing at 15 and 30 d post-trauma, demonstrating enhanced persistence of traumatic memories, similar to that exhibited by PTSD patients. These findings provide substantive mouse model evidence linking PDE4B variation to PTSD-relevant phenotypes and thus highlight how genetic variation of PDE4B may contribute to PTSD risk.

Systemic study of pathogenic pathways and interrelationships underlying genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) facilitates the identification of new targets for effective treatments. Recently available large-scale multiomics datasets provide opportunities to use computational approaches for such studies. Here, we devised a novel disease gene identification (digID) computational framework that consists of a semi-supervised deep learning classifier to predict AD-associated genes and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network-based analysis to prioritize the importance of these predicted genes in AD. digID predicted 1,529 AD-associated genes and revealed potentially new AD molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets including GNAI1 and GNB1, two G-protein subunits that regulate cell signaling, and KNG1, an upstream modulator of CDC42 small G-protein signaling and mediator of inflammation and candidate coregulator of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Analysis of mRNA expression validated their dysregulation in AD brains but further revealed the significant spatial patterns in different brain regions as well as among different subregions of the frontal cortex and hippocampi. Super-resolution STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) further demonstrated their subcellular colocalization and molecular interactions with APP in a transgenic mouse model of both sexes with AD-like mutations. These studies support the predictions made by digID while highlighting the importance of concurrent biological validation of computationally identified gene clusters as potential new AD therapeutic targets.

Read the series on how FAO increased efficiency, effectiveness and transparency to better support its Members in the transformation of agrifood systems.

The American Ingenuity Award winner is on the brink of using the human genome to provide better diagnostics for deadly diseases

Milagra, Spanish for “miracle,” was hatched and raised in captivity by foster condor parents after her mother died of avian flu in April 2023

Using advanced imaging techniques, researchers discovered modern glue, drill holes and even a fragment of a drill bit in the pastiches

Created in London in the 1960s, the tracks are heading to auction as part of a larger collection of memorabilia connected to the famous American guitarist

Newest Version of Leading 3D CAD Software Eliminates Traditional Performance/Functionality Tradeoffs

Automation systems provider also streamlines product design and analysis with SolidWorks 3D mechanical design and COSMOS design analysis software

Electronics air filter manufacturer sees dramatic 30 percent increase in Web site traffic, reduces customer product development by two months

Industry leader's innovations further streamline design engineering, including mainstream validation and simple evolution from 2D to 3D

Leading UK pneumatic product maker is deploying SolidWorks Office Professional to help automate such vital business processes as billing, scheduling

Motion control product leader to cut custom part configuration from days to minutes

Motion control system provider efficiently competes against larger companies with downloadable 3D CAD models and 2D drawings of its products

Extensive automation of time-consuming tasks gives designers fast, accurate tools for testing their ideas

Metal punch manufacturer to save thousands of dollars a year on printing costs with interactive online catalog that lets customers custom configure their own parts

Motor manufacturer experiences 50 percent increase in Web site traffic from potential customers in first month using 3D-enabled online catalog

SOLIDWORKS Edition for Windows Vista delivers enhanced user experience plus advanced search, preview, and content distribution

New 3D CAD software increases productivity, quality, and efficiency

Company can design a silo in half an hour and deliver it earlier while helping improve the quality of Mexico's food, plastics, and construction practices

From Design To Production, Norwegian Fishing Line Company Relies on SolidWorks for Accuracy and Fast Turnaround

On this episode of the HomeKit Insider Podcast we talk about Apple's new betas, discuss the major Matter 1.4 release which adds new categories and other improvements, and more!

An Apple supplier may have been tapped to build an Apple-designed smart home camera and future health-focused AirPods, according to analyst Ming-Chi Kuo.

iOS 18.2 with access to ChatGPT integrations, Image Playground, and Genmoji could finally roll out to the general public on December 9 based on a notice recently posted by a UK carrier.

A coalition of education organizations wants Congress to waive a provision in federal law requiring districts to keep special education funding level from year to year regardless of budget pressures.

Medical imaging is no longer in Kansas, Toto, as a team led by Penn State researchers brings traditional black and white diagnostic images of X-rays and traditional CT scans into technicolor. The researchers developed novel contrast agents that target two proteins implicated in osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease commonly characterized as wear-and-tear arthritis.

A state court ruled that Virginia must turn over growth data by school and classroom teacher, without redacting the teachers' names.

A coalition of education organizations wants Congress to waive a provision in federal law requiring districts to keep special education funding level from year to year regardless of budget pressures.

Voice assistants (VAs) like Alexa and Siri continue to gain popularity in households and on personal devices. According to digital trends research company Emarketer, the number of VA users will surpass 150 million in 2025. Despite the ubiquity, companies haven’t been able to work around users’ strong negative reactions to advertising on these applications. A research team, including scholars from Penn State, may have a solution.

There was positive rental growth in all provinces despite tenants feeling the pinch due to challenging economic conditions, according to the latest Payprop Rental Index.

DOVER, DE – Governor John Carney on Friday released the following statement on Director Eugene Young Jr.’s decision to step down March 8, 2024, from his current role as the head of the Delaware State Housing Authority. Director Young has served as the agency’s leader since 2021.   “Eugene is a strong leader dedicated to public service. […]

BJP MP from South Delhi Ramvir Singh Bidhuri on Tuesday inaugurated a newly constructed stretch of a 12-lane national highway connecting Mithapur Chowk to the Mumbai-Baroda highway in the Badarpur area.

The mock test papers series-I will commence from November 18, 2024 while that for series-II will begin from December 9, 2024.

Allu Arjun, the star of Pushpa 2, will join Nandamuri Balakrishna on the iconic Telugu talk show ‘Unstoppable with NBK’. In this episode, airing November 15 on Aha, Arjun speaks about his acting inspirations, memorable co-stars, and personal insights shared by his mother. The episode will also preview Pushpa 2 and his historic National Award win.

Prashanth Neel’s Bagheera, starring Sriimurali as a vigilante IPS officer, comes to Netflix for streaming this December. Known for its compelling storyline and powerful cast, including Prakash Raj and Rukmini Vasanth, Bagheera captivated cinema-goers and emerged as a Diwali hit. Netflix’s acquisition marks a significant step for Kannada cinema on the platform, with Bagheera joining other Hombale Films projects. The exact streaming date remains unconfirmed, but fans can expect the movie in early December.

A Very Royal Scandal, featuring Ruth Wilson and Michael Sheen, brings viewers into the world of the British royal family’s explosive 2019 interview that revealed new truths about Prince Andrew. Now available in India on SonyLIV, the series dives deep into royal drama. Directed by Julian Jarrold and produced by Amazon MGM Studios, it revisits key events and figures surrounding one of the monarchy’s most notable scandals.

Google released a new experimental artificial intelligence (AI) tool on Monday aimed at helping users learn about new topics. Dubbed Learn About, the tool is different from the Mountain View-based tech giant's usual AI offerings, such as Gemini or AI Overviews. The experimental tool shows the information in a visual and interactive style and picks the data from educational sources.