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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: The Countdown




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Rwanda at the End of the Transition: A Necessary Political Liberalisation




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Rwandan Hutu Rebels in the Congo: A New Approach to Disarmament and Reintegration




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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: Time for Pragmatism




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The Rwandan Genocide: Memory Is Not Enough




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Rwanda's lessons yet to be learned




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Rwanda's Genocide Still Echoes in Congo




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Ripples of Rwanda's Genocide Still Rock the Eastern Congo




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Congo: No Stability in Kivu despite Rapprochement with Rwanda

The attempt by Congo and Rwanda to end the deadly conflict in eastern Congo by a secret presidential deal and military force is failing and must be changed fundamentally by the Kinshasa government and the international community.




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BIG FM CEO Abraham Thomas shares his wanderlust, life’s inspiration and favourite movie

The Godfather, of course. It is a cult classic. Another movie that I would like to watch again is Andhadhun for its unpredictable storyline and performances.




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Tony Gwynn's bat was his magic wand

Let's keep this simple: Tony Gwynn could hit. "Some hitters use bats as more of a battering ram," one former teammate said. "Tony used his bats more as a paintbrush."




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Rwanda leases 22 small hydroelectric plants to private consortium

On Aug. 27, Rwanda’s Ministry of Infrastructure government announced it has leased 22 small hydropower projects located in the northern and western provinces to private investors to spur the country’s hydroelectric energy program. According to energy experts at the ministry, the plants would add about 24.6 MW of hydroelectric energy to the national grid. 




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Bear wanders through empty streets in Italy amid coronavirus lockdown

A bear has been spotted wandering the empty streets of Italy amid the coronavirus lockdown.




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Scientists explain magnetic pole's wanderings

The North Magnetic Pole has been racing across the top of the world, from Canada towards Siberia.





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30 wanderlust-worthy travel Instagram accounts to follow

Take a virtual vacation by scrolling through these dreamy Instagram feeds




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Western Sydney Wanderers defeat Melbourne Victory to continue perfect A-League start

The Wanderers earn a valuable three points their second win in as many matches with the highlight a Keanu Baccus stunner in the 54th minute at Docklands.




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Melbourne City v Adelaide United, Sydney FC v Western Sydney Wanderers: A-League live scores, stats and commentary

The Sky Blues make it two from two with a against the Phoenix, following Melbourne City's 2-1 win over Adelaide United.




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Wanderers beat Sydney FC 1-0, Adelaide United win 2-1 against Newcastle Jets in A-League round three

Western Sydney Wanderers claim a 1-0 victory over crosstown rivals Sydney FC, while FFA Cup champions Adelaide United celebrate a 2-1 defeat of Newcastle Jets.




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Kansas Man Charged with Immigration Crimes in Connection with 1994 Genocide in Rwanda

Lazare Kabaya Kobagaya, 82, of Topeka, Kan., was arrested today on charges of naturalization fraud and misuse of an alien registration card. According to the indictment, Kobagaya allegedly participated in genocidal activities during the 1994 Rwandan conflict including mobilizing attackers to commit arson and murder. Kobagaya is alleged to have failed to disclose his alleged participation in these activities during his immigration and naturalization processes.



  • OPA Press Releases

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City of Tonawanda, N.Y., Police Captain Pleads Guilty to Civil Rights Violation

James G. Litz, 54, of the city of Tonawanda, N.Y., pleaded guilty before U.S. District Court Judge Richard J. Arcara, to a felony charge of deprivation of civil rights under the color of law.



  • OPA Press Releases

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Tonawanda Coke and Manager Sentenced for Violating the Clean Air Act and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

Tonawanda Coke Corporation was sentenced in federal court in Buffalo, N.Y., Wednesday to pay a $12.5 million penalty and $12.2 million in community service payments for criminal violations of the Clean Air Act (CAA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).



  • OPA Press Releases

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Social in nature, wanderer by habit

These birds are part of the Lapwing genus Vanellus, which diverged from all other species of birds 28 million years ago! Two sociable lapwings, satellite tagged in Kazakhstan, flew more than 5,000 miles to central Sudan where they spent the winter before their return flight to breeding grounds in the central Asian republic.




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Should Rwanda’s Paul Kagame have the right to another presidential term?


President Paul Kagame of Rwanda has been a very effective leader for his small Central African nation. First, he led the Rwandan Patriotic Front when it ended the 1994 genocide and brought a measure of stability to a land that had just suffered a terrible holocaust. Then as vice president until 2000, and president since then (being formally elected under the current constitution twice, in 2003 and 2010), he has helped usher in remarkable economic growth and human development. Many Western leaders have personally offered high praise for Kagame—calling him a “visionary” and among “the greatest leaders of our time”—and have marshalled considerable resources to aid in Rwanda’s post-genocide development.

But his leadership has not been without controversy. There have been some excesses and allegations of abuses of political opponents during the Kagame years. And his abuses of power have arguably increased in recent years—suggesting that, whatever his past accomplishments, his real motives for wanting to stay in office may have less to do with a call to service and more with his increasingly autocratic tendencies.

On balance, though, he has been an effective leader who has saved countless lives. Does that legacy justify his seeking what would be a third seven-year term in the nation’s 2017 presidential elections? Rwandan voters choose today whether to approve a constitutional amendment—already passed by the Senate—that would allow President Kagame another stint in power.

Murky waters 

Kagame has been for his nation arguably what Franklin D. Roosevelt was for our own, given the nature of the emergencies facing Rwanda that led to his ascent to power. And we elected FDR four times. To be sure, after the fact, we thought better of it and decided never to allow that again. But we did it. George Washington chose not to run for a third term, but he was blessed with a legion of founding fathers of remarkable ability all around him, and was succeeded by Adams and Jefferson. Lincoln never had the chance to consider a third term—and maybe we would have been better off in the day if he could have served for many years. 

I am not comparing Kagame with Washington, Lincoln and Roosevelt to assert that he belongs in their league. But to dramatize the issue, suppose that he is just as important to his nation as those three gentlemen have been to ours. Would that justify another term? Putting the question this way muddies the waters, but I think it is the only fair way to address the issue. 

More often than not, of course, two terms is more than a given leader deserves. Witness President Hamid Karzai in Afghanistan, or Pierre Nkurunziza in Burundi who just garnered a third term amidst much violence, or Joseph Kabila next door in the Democratic Republic of Congo who is due to step down next year. Indeed, Kabila may or may not do so—and it would be unambiguously bad for his country and American interests if he stayed past that date. All the more reason that, for consistency, we should want Kagame to step down—otherwise leaders like Kabila could use his behavior to excuse and justify their own attempts to hold onto power indefinitely. 

But is it really so simple in his case, and is it really such an easy call? Another tough case is President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, who has brought a degree of peace and development to his nation after the Amin and Obote periods—but who is now in his sixth term. Perhaps once in a blue moon, a nation can benefit from multiple terms in office for a particularly gifted leader at a particularly fraught and important period in a country’s history.

Mr. Kagame: Prove us wrong 

Ultimately, institution building and the establishment of solid democratic procedures are the only sure guarantor of long-term national stability. Kagame is only 58, but he will not live forever. At some point, Rwanda really will need a succession strategy. 

So I hope Kagame chooses not to run again. But if he does run, we need to pressure him to justify it in terms of the legacy he is helping to create so that Rwanda will have future leaders and institutions that can keep the country moving forward.

Ultimately, institution building and the establishment of solid democratic procedures are the only sure guarantor of long-term national stability.

Thus, if Kagame does persuade the public to change the constitution and does win a third elected term, we should cut aid (though not impose stronger measures like trade sanctions) to show our disapproval. That is, we should cut aid unless he uses the third term—which must certainly be his last—to show his countrymen and the world that in fact his rule is about improving his country, not turning it into another fiefdom run by an African strongman. 

For us, taking this approach will necessitate creating a method for evaluating whether Rwanda’s institutions gradually move closer to true democracy in the years ahead so that, whatever might happen with a third term, a fourth term becomes entirely unjustifiable. Presidents for life are bad for their countries while they are alive, and they are dangerous for their countries when they die. Kagame needs to understand this basic fact before he becomes the next world leader who starts out a noble man and then allows power to corrupt him.

More than two decades after the genocide, Rwanda is ready for a more vigorous democratic process—and any responsible leader should be building up the institutions to prepare for that eventuality. Stronger political parties that do not have exclusive ties to just one ethnic group, clear laws constraining and regulating the nature of political competition so that it is inclusive and nonviolent, strong courts—these are the essence of an established democracy, and Rwanda needs them.

      
 
 




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There's an orangutan wandering around London

It's searching for a place to live because its home has been destroyed by our addiction to palm oil.




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Not-So-Lonely Wanderer is a charming 202 sq. ft. tiny house (Video)

Featuring a tall living room and a big kitchen, this tiny dwelling from Canada packs a big personality.




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Paris by Night: FRANCE 24 meets night wanderers amid Covid-19 lockdown

France’s lockdown measures are among the strictest in Europe as the country bids to stamp out the Covid-19 pandemic. Paris is usually known for its night wanderers but the last few weeks has seen its lively and vibrant atmosphere replaced by calm and silence. However, not all Parisians are respecting lockdown measures and FRANCE 24 went out to meet them. Some are simply wandering the streets. Others are out and about because the streets are what they call home.




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Dalian youngsters enjoy thrilling Wanda FIFA Flag Bearer experience




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Parents to face Bhiwandi police heat post SSC paper leaks online

The SSC paper leak case this year probably has a first — parents of some students are under the police scanner for allegedly buying the question paper for their children. Following preliminary investigations, the cops are likely to pick up some of the parents in the case. Surprisingly, the students who received the papers are academically bright and there is no reason for them to indulge in such an act, the police said.

A police source close to the investigations revealed, "We noticed that students had received these papers and that their parents, too, were aware about it and vice versa in some cases. We have also got the names of a few parents who have bought these question papers for their children. Also, the students who bought these question papers have taken the money from their parents after telling them the reason for it."


Career Classes in Bhiwandi, whose owner, Wazir Rehman Shaikh, allegedly sent out question papers on WhatsApp

On Wednesday, two police stations in Bhiwandi registered separate paper leak FIRs. The first case was registered at Bhiwandi City police station earlier in the day by Govind Sharma, founder of Samvad Foundation, an NGO. He alerted the board after he and several of his colleagues received the History paper on their phones at 10.10 am; the exams begin at 11 am. The police have already arrested Wazir Rehman Shaikh, owner of Career Classes, from Bhiwandi, for sending out the papers on Whatsapp.

Later in the day, the Narpoli police filed an FIR on the complaint of a teacher after three girl students were found discussing the History and Political Science papers on WhatsApp. Preliminary investigations in both cases has put some parents in the dock.


The leaked question papers that were circulated via whatsapp

Questioning everyone
When contacted, DCP Zone-II Ankit Goel said, "We are questioning everyone right from students to their parents. It is part of our investigation to know each one's role in order to reach the main culprit."

He added, "There is a complete trail. We have arrested one accused who is not the main accused in this case, but with his help we are trying to reach the mastermind. We are going back to every message for this. We need a few more days to investigate and reach the main accused who took the photos of the question papers."

The cops are closely monitoring the images circulated on the WhatsApp group and are analysing the photographs to reach the main accused in this case. In both the cases, the paper was leaked from Bhiwandi an hour before the exam. It indicates that someone from the centre had clicked the photos and sent it to students who then forwarded it further, a police officer said.

Paper leak trail
The police are checking every step of the question papers' journey and where exactly in the process it got leaked. The question papers are usually transported from the divisional office to custodies in each area a day before the exams. In the Mumbai division, there are 75 custodies, which are in schools, where the paper reaches a day in advance amid tight security. Depending on the distance between the custody and the exam centre, papers are sent off on the day of the exams to their respective centres. Examiners then break the question paper seal and distribute the papers to students 10 minutes before the exam starts to give students time to read it.

The two cases
On Wednesday morning, the Bhiwandi police registered an FIR under the Information Technology Act under the IPC as well as the Maharashtra Prevention of Malpractices at University, Board and Other Specified Examinations Act after receiving a complaint from the Mumbai divisional board.
The same night they made one arrest.

Later that day, the board's flying squad caught three girl students with mobile phones seated inside an autorickshaw. They were in the vehicle despite the last bell being sounded to enter the exam hall.

"The students were supposed to be in the exam hall by 10.15am. They had History and Political Science papers. A day before, they had created a group called 'Toppers' and in the morning they circulated the question papers. We have seized their phones and six others who received these papers. These girls seem to be toppers," said MB Shinde, senior inspector of Narpoli police station in Bhiwandi.

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Man found dead in flour mill in Bhiwandi

A 25-year-old man was found dead in a flour mill in Bhiwandi in Maharashtra's Thane district, police said on Friday. Krishna Gautam used to work as a machine operator in Therma Flour Mills and stayed in one of the galas in the company premises, Bhoiwada police said.

"He was found dead in his gala Thursday morning by friends who had come to invite him to play Holi. His head bore injury marks. We have taken a case of murder against unidentified persons," an official said.

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Thane Crime: Co-worker arrested for man's murder in Bhiwandi

Thane: With the arrest of a 22-year-old man, Thane district police on Saturday claimed to have solved a murder case within hours. Senior police inspector Kalyan Karpe said that Krishna Gautam (25) was found dead on the premises of a factory where he worked on the morning of March 21.

Gautam worked as a machine operator at this factory, located on Bhiwandi-Vasai highway, Karpe said. There were wounds on the victim's head and the police surmised that he was probably attacked when he was asleep.

The investigators identified a co-worker, Ramukumar Singh, as a prime suspect and arrested him on the same day, the inspector said. A probe revealed that Gautam opposed an illicit relationship between Singh and a woman, and the two often quarrelled over the issue.

On the intervening night of March 20 and 21, Singh allegedly attacked Gautam. Bhoiwada police in Bhiwandi have registered a case of murder and conducting a further probe.

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Coronavirus outbreak: Langars feed Bhiwandi's fasting loom workers

Thousands of migrants working in the power looms at Bhiwandi set out on foot for their villages hundreds of kilometres away earlier this week. While these migrants face an enormously difficult journey with almost zero resources, those who have stayed back are also on the brink of starvation.

The Maharashtra government has been assuring of help for migrant workers should they stay back amid the COVID-19-caused lockdown. Though the Bhiwandi-Nizampur City Municipal Corporation (BNCMC) is offering food packets, the power loom workers say the quality of the food is inferior.

"The municipality has been giving khichdi for 15 days and the ingredients are rice and turmeric powder. Sometimes they mix vegetables in it. But the food quality is absolutely inferior, it cannot be eaten by any human being. Being a labourer does not mean that we will eat toxic food. The food smells and makes us nauseous," said Manzar Alam, a native of Bihar.

"It is the month of Ramzan and most of us are fasting. But after eating bad quality food, some of us vomited and had to break the fast," said Alam, adding that power loom owners are not helping either and that many are breaking their fast only with water.

"The power loom owner does not respond to our calls. He either switches off his mobile phone or blocks our number," said Mohammad Sahid, a native of Ambedkar Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh.

Raw ration only for state residents
Another power loom worker, Jalaluddin Ansari said workers get food once a day. "We have not been given raw ration by the state government. In this crisis, we have to wait in long queues for langar distributed by social workers," said Ansari.


There are seven lakh registered power looms in Bhiwandi

"There was a queue of nearly 200 workers on Monday. By the time my turn came, food was over. So, I rushed to another langar half-a-kilometre away and stood in another queue. But here too, the food finished," said Ansari, who did not eat anything on Monday.

"On Tuesday, I got food but it was not very little. This is the reality of many workers who did not dare to walk home. The state government is providing raw ration to only those who are from Maharashtra. We are not given any ration," said Ansari, whose co-workers Abdul Ali and Mohammad Younus echoed his views.


Workers say they are being given khichdi - the ingredients of which are usually rice and turmeric — in the food packet for the past 15 days

A few workers from Jharkhand, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh tried to go home in a truck recently. "A truck driver agreed to transport us to our native place. He took R2,500 from each worker. We started our journey a few days ago, but police at Karjat stopped the vehicle and caned the driver badly. We were forced to return to hell with no food," said Ali.

Nearly 3,000 workers rushed to the State Transport bus depot in Bhiwandi on Tuesday. mid-day spoke to a few of them and asked if they had any idea about when they would return to Bhiwandi to resume work: "Humlogo ke paas aur kya hai kamane ke liye?" said Yashpal, a native of Faizabad in Uttar Pradesh.

"It is a pandemic and the whole world is reeling under a financial crisis. We don't know what will happen to us as I have heard that big companies are downsising. We are not sure if the owners of power looms will downsize too," said Sahil.

A ray of light
There is confusion among workers regarding how and where they can get registered to travel home in trains. However, a power loom owner Parvez Alam Ansari has been helping his employees.

"I have told my workers not to panic. I have been providing them with ration, vegetables, etc. and they have been preparing meals for themselves. The power loom is shut but these workers are our assets. I cannot afford to keep them stranded amid a crisis," Ansari said.

Civic body's help mismanaged
"There are seven lakh registered power looms employing around three to four lakh migrant labourers. As per our estimate, more than one lakh people want to leave the city as they don't have work and are not getting food. We are doing our best to provide food but it's been more than a month now and the assistance provided by the local corporation is mismanaged. Now our priority is to help those who want to go to their home states, such as Uttar Pradesh, which is not cooperating with Maharashtra," said local MLA Rais Shaikh.

'We resolved all complaints'
According to Pravin Ashtikar, the chief of BNCMC, initially, there were a lot of complaints regarding food quality and its supply, but all have been resolved. "We are not denying that complaints were received from people but I must tell you that we listen to them and now things have improved in the past week. There have been no complaints about the food as far as quality and supply are concerned. There are several NGOs working with us and we are supplying 80,000 food packets daily. The migrants who want to leave just want to go home because the lockdown has been extended. Most of the migrants have been taken care of by us and their employers," said Ashtikar.

Ashtikar added that so far there are 20 cases of Coronavirus in Bhiwandi city, of which two have recovered and 290 are in institutional quarantine. "We started preparing for COVID-19 in the second week of march — we procured equipment for disinfecting and started sanitising the area much in advance. As you see the result, all positive cases in Bhiwandi have come from other areas. We have successfully stopped community transmission despite a high population. Currently, Bhiwandi has a population of over 8 lakh. We started door-to-door screening last week, targeting the most vulnerable people, and 75 per cent of the survey is complete. So far, 1,011 people are found to be vulnerable as they are suffering from other ailments and we are taking care of them," Ashtikar added.

80K
Food packets Bhiwandi civic body claims it is providing

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Toll-free number is a magic wand for SMEs

Who doesn’t like to feast on free support and services? The businesses which work on the paradigm of providing ultimate customer satisfaction handle hundreds of calls on a daily basis, including exchange, complaint, inquiry and...




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Rwanda IP Addresses

IP Addresses in Rwanda increased to 10599 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 10257 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Rwanda averaged 5467.64 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 10599 IP in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 2738 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for RwandaIP Addresses.




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Rwanda Temperature

Temperature in Rwanda increased to 21.08 celsius in August from 20.02 celsius in July of 2013. Temperature in Rwanda averaged 19.24 celsius from 1850 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 21.66 celsius in September of 1997 and a record low of 16.88 celsius in December of 1860. This page includes a chart with historical data for Rwanda Temperature.




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Rwanda Military Expenditure

Military Expenditure in Rwanda increased to 119.50 USD Million in 2018 from 115.70 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Rwanda averaged 74.36 USD Million from 1973 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 158 USD Million in 1991 and a record low of 32.30 USD Million in 1975.




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Deposit Interest Rate in Rwanda

Deposit Interest Rate in Rwanda decreased to 5.39 percent in 2018 from 5.95 percent in 2017. Deposit Interest Rate in Rwanda averaged 7.64 percent from 1980 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 11.01 percent in 1996 and a record low of 5 percent in 1993. The Deposit Interest Rate is the average rate paid by commercial banks to individuals or corporations on deposits. This page includes a chart with historical data for Deposit Interest Rate in Rwanda.




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Rwanda Competitiveness Index

Rwanda scored 52.82 points out of 100 on the 2018 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Index in Rwanda averaged 19.84 Points from 2011 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 52.82 Points in 2019 and a record low of 3.99 Points in 2011. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. The report is made up of 98 variables, from a combination of data from international organizations as well as from the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey. The variables are organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. The GCI varies between 1 and 100, higher average score means higher degree of competitiveness. With the 2018 edition, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology, aiming to integrate the notion of the 4th Industrial Revolution into the definition of competitiveness. It emphasizes the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda Competitiveness Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Rwanda Competitiveness Rank

Rwanda is the 100 most competitive nation in the world out of 140 countries ranked in the 2018 edition of the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Rank in Rwanda averaged 79.33 from 2011 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 108 in 2018 and a record low of 58 in 2016. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. In 2018, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology emphasizing the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. As a result, the GCI scale changed to 1 to 100 from 1 to 7, with higher average score meaning higher degree of competitiveness. The report is made up of 98 variables organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda Competitiveness Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Rwanda Capital Flows

Rwanda recorded a capital and financial account deficit of 460.60 USD Million in 2018. Capital Flows in Rwanda averaged -60.91 USD Million from 1998 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 426.80 USD Million in 2009 and a record low of -814.60 USD Million in 2016. This page provides - Rwanda Capital Flows- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Rwanda Foreign Direct Investment

Foreign Direct Investment in Rwanda increased by 305.50 USD Million in 2018. Foreign Direct Investment in Rwanda averaged 238.14 USD Million from 2009 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 314.70 USD Million in 2014 and a record low of 118.67 USD Million in 2009. This page provides - Rwanda Foreign Direct Investment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Rwanda Public External Debt

External Debt in Rwanda increased to 3010 USD Million in 2017 from 2453 USD Million in 2016. External Debt in Rwanda averaged 1280.38 USD Million from 1991 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 3010 USD Million in 2017 and a record low of 511.20 USD Million in 2006. This page provides - Rwanda External Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Rwanda Terrorism Index

Terrorism Index in Rwanda increased to 2.95 in 2018 from 2.18 in 2017. Terrorism Index in Rwanda averaged 2.73 from 2002 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3.94 in 2010 and a record low of 0.42 in 2004. The Global Terrorism Index measures the direct and indirect impact of terrorism, including its effects on lives lost, injuries, property damage and the psychological aftereffects. It is a composite score that ranks countries according to the impact of terrorism from 0 (no impact) to 10 (highest impact).




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Rwanda Government Budget

Rwanda recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 4.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Budget in Rwanda averaged -2.78 percent of GDP from 2006 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.10 percent of GDP in 2010 and a record low of -5.30 percent of GDP in 2013. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Rwanda Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Rwanda Corruption Index

Rwanda scored 53 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Rwanda averaged 44.27 Points from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 56 Points in 2018 and a record low of 25 Points in 2006. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Rwanda Corruption Rank

Rwanda is the 51 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Rwanda averaged 67.73 from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 121 in 2006 and a record low of 44 in 2015. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Rwanda Employed Persons

The number of employed persons in Rwanda increased to 3405.88 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 3152.83 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Employed Persons in Rwanda averaged 3250.92 Thousand from 2019 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 3405.88 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 3152.83 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. This page provides - Rwanda Employed Persons- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Rwanda Employment Rate

Employment Rate in Rwanda increased to 46.50 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 43.90 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in Rwanda averaged 45.25 percent from 2019 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 46.50 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 43.90 percent in the third quarter of 2019. This page provides - Rwanda Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Rwanda Unemployment Rate

Unemployment Rate in Rwanda decreased to 15.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 16 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Unemployment Rate in Rwanda averaged 12.04 percent from 2001 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 17.80 percent in the third quarter of 2017 and a record low of 1 percent in the fourth quarter of 2001. In Rwanda, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Rwanda Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.




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Rwanda GDP

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Rwanda was worth 9.80 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Rwanda represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in Rwanda averaged 2.53 USD Billion from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 9.80 USD Billion in 2019 and a record low of 0.12 USD Billion in 1961. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Rwanda GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Rwanda Money Supply M2

Money Supply M2 in Rwanda decreased to 1867.30 RWF Billion in January from 1879.70 RWF Billion in December of 2019. Money Supply M2 in Rwanda averaged 744.54 RWF Billion from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1879.70 RWF Billion in December of 2019 and a record low of 118.20 RWF Billion in January of 2003. This page provides - Rwanda Money Supply M2- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.