pst Cairns is hot on the heels of the Gold Coast for its trendsetting hipster culture By www.abc.net.au Published On :: Sun, 30 Jun 2019 10:52:00 +1000 A hipster's heaven in regional Queensland is putting the sword to counterculture capitals such as Sydney and Melbourne by embracing its man buns, skinny jeans and coffee shops. Full Article ABC Far North farnorth Arts and Entertainment:Popular Culture:All Arts and Entertainment:Street Art:All Community and Society:All:All Lifestyle and Leisure:Travel and Tourism:All Australia:QLD:Cairns 4870
pst Fair Wind Sailing Inc v. H. Dempster By feeds.findlaw.com Published On :: 2014-09-04T08:00:00+00:00 (United States Third Circuit) - In this action alleging that defendants infringed upon plaintiff's trade dress in violation of the Lanham Act and unjustly enriched themselves by copying plaintiff's business, dismissal of plaintiff's trade dress and unjust enrichment claims and subsequent award of attorneys' fees to defendants is: 1) affirmed as to the trade dress and unjust enrichment claims, where plaintiff failed to adequately explain what "dress" it sought to protect, and plaintiff did not plead with sufficient particularity in what manner defendants had been unjustly enriched; and 2) vacated and remanded as to the award of attorneys' fees, where the award of reasonable fees would have been appropriate only to the extent that this was an "exceptional" case under section 35(a) of the Lanham Act. Full Article Injury & Tort Law Intellectual Property Trade Dress
pst Lift Every Voice Smart Watch Sweepstakes By feeds.bet.com Published On :: Fri, 20 May 2016 12:21:00 EDT Lift Every Voice wants you to win! See more. Full Article Lift Every Voice
pst Win $500 With BET's Christmas Cash Out Sweepstakes By feeds.bet.com Published On :: Tue, 8 Dec 2015 06:00:00 EST We're giving out cash money! Full Article BET Star Cinema
pst BBA Winter League: Rimrockers & Hoopstars Win By bernews.com Published On :: Thu, 30 Jan 2020 12:24:20 +0000 Bermuda Basketball Winter League action recently returned to the CedarBridge Academy gymnasium. The first game saw the Paget Flyboys, sponsored by Bermuda College, fall by one point for the second game in a row as they lost 49 – 48 to the Warwick Rimrockers. Nuric Eldosov led the Rimrockers to victory, scoring 21 points and […](Click to read the full article) Full Article All Sports #BermudaBasketball
pst Basketball League: Hoopstars Defeat Rimrockers By bernews.com Published On :: Mon, 03 Feb 2020 10:35:43 +0000 Only one game took place in the latest round of the Bermuda Basketball Associations Winter League season which saw the St. George’s Hoopstars defeat the Warwick Rimrockers 74 – 56. The St. George’s Hoopstars were led to victory by Vlad Petro who had a double-double. Petro had a game high 21 points, 19 rebounds, and he […](Click to read the full article) Full Article All Sports #BermudaBasketball
pst Basketball League: Hoopstars & Twisters Win By bernews.com Published On :: Tue, 18 Feb 2020 11:06:48 +0000 Bermuda Basketball Association Winter League action resumed with a double header at the CedarBridge Academy Gymnasium that produced 219 total points. The first game saw the St George’s Hoopstars defeat the Southampton Thundercats 54 – 41. The St. George’s Hoopstars were led to victory by Jericho Tucker who had 14 points, while the Southampton Thundercats […](Click to read the full article) Full Article All Sports #BermudaBasketball
pst Basketball League: Hoopstars & Skyforce Win By bernews.com Published On :: Tue, 10 Mar 2020 11:16:51 +0000 The Bermuda Basketball Winter League season resumed with a double header inside the CedarBridge Academy Gymnasium, which produced 247 total points on the night. In the opener the St. George’s Hoopstars defeated the Southampton Thundercats 73 – 64. Jahzion Lugo scored 26 points to lead the St. George’s Hoopstars to victory, while Kevin Stephens scored […](Click to read the full article) Full Article All Sports #BermudaBasketball
pst Basketball League: Flyboys & Hoopstars Win By bernews.com Published On :: Thu, 12 Mar 2020 12:16:07 +0000 Bermuda Basketball Winter League action inside the Bermuda College Gymnasium saw 225 points scored in a double header. In the opener the Paget Flyboys sponsored by Bermuda College defeated the Warwick Rimrockers 51 – 40. Jorel Smith led the Paget Flyboys with 14 points, while the Warwick Rimrockers got a game high 21 points from […](Click to read the full article) Full Article All Sports #BermudaBasketball
pst Tennis: USC Upstate Signs Shelby Madeiros By bernews.com Published On :: Sat, 04 Jan 2020 11:40:00 +0000 University of South Carolina announced the signing of Shelby Madeiros, with the Bermudian tennis player set to join the team next fall. The school’s announcement said, “USC Upstate head women’s tennis coach Tim McLane has announced the signing of Shelby Madeiros out of Bermuda. “We are really excited to have Shelby [Madeiros] joining USC Upstate […](Click to read the full article) Full Article All News Sports #GoodNews #Tennis
pst DPstreet rompe las barreras de la moda urbana con IBM By www.ibm.com Published On :: vie, 06 oct 2017 03:48:59 GMT La marca de moda urbana DPStreet, filial del corporativo GrupoDP, ha dado a conocer su intención de transformar el modelo comercial y de negocio apoyados en la habilitación de distintas estrategias digitales, una de las principales es una tienda virtual desarrollada por IBM (Digital Commerce) e implementada por Solemti S.A. de C.V., su asociado de negocios en el área digital. Full Article IBM Watson
pst Lipstick Queen By maryana-s.blogspot.com Published On :: Wed, 04 Jan 2017 12:27:00 +0000 Получила от подруги в подарок на Новый год совершенно мари-антуанеттскую коробку - помада и блеск для губ от Lipstick Queen, заколка и брошь с крошечными цветами. Цветы- любимые пионы, тёмно-красного цвета, блеск - в коробочке с зеркальцем; теперь так оформляют в основном пудру и румяна, а когда-то и средства для губ (и мушки!). И всё это такое.. прелестное! Словом, я чувствую себя девочкой-девочкой. Но не маленькой. Большой и очень довольной! Full Article помады
pst 17 Best Conspiracy Memes About Jeffrey Epstein's Death By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Sat, 24 Aug 2019 07:00:00 -0700 Jeffrey Epstein was found dead in his cell on Saturday morning, allegedly by suicide. While the media announced that the sex offender and financier had hung himself, the internet is not as convinced. Most people share the sentiment that he was in fact killed by someone with a whole lot of power. Here are the best conspiracy theory memes that play largely on Epstein's connections with the Clinton and Trump administration, the Clinton body count, and the accusations that many more people were involved in the wealthy man's sex trafficking operation. You don't need to drink the conspiracy theory Kool-Aid to find these funny memes entertaining, so make up your minds for yourselves. Full Article sex offenders melania trump conspiracy donald trump Hillary Clinton dank memes jeffrey epstein politics bill clinton
pst False Claim Targets Gates Using Epstein Connection By www.factcheck.org Published On :: Wed, 06 May 2020 21:19:37 +0000 There's no evidence that Bill Gates ever visited Jeffrey Epstein's private island in the Caribbean, contrary to a viral Facebook post claiming he went there numerous times. The "flight records" cited do not show that. The post False Claim Targets Gates Using Epstein Connection appeared first on FactCheck.org. Full Article Debunking False Stories
pst ‘They slap lipstick on a pig’: What Chicago real estate experts think of the HGTV effect and ‘Windy City Rehab’ woes By www.nydailynews.com Published On :: Wed, 12 Feb 2020 11:00:40 +0000 Chicago real estate experts bust myths portrayed by home improvement shows, from actors subbing in as buyers to unrealistically low renovation costs. Full Article
pst Amber Alert issued for missing 9-year-old boy in upstate New York: state police By www.nydailynews.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 13:09:44 +0000 Gustavo Oliveira was last seen near Tallow Wood Drive in Clifton Park around 1 a.m. with his father, 41-year-old Nivaldo Oliveira, police said. Full Article
pst Amber Alert issued for missing 9-year-old boy in upstate New York: state police By www.nydailynews.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 13:09:44 +0000 Gustavo Oliveira was last seen near Tallow Wood Drive in Clifton Park around 1 a.m. with his father, 41-year-old Nivaldo Oliveira, police said. Full Article
pst Amber Alert issued for missing 9-year-old boy in upstate New York: state police By www.nydailynews.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 13:09:44 +0000 Gustavo Oliveira was last seen near Tallow Wood Drive in Clifton Park around 1 a.m. with his father, 41-year-old Nivaldo Oliveira, police said. Full Article
pst Erskine: Are you ready for some football? In March? Meet the XFL's cheeky upstarts By www.latimes.com Published On :: Thu, 12 Mar 2020 10:00:33 -0400 There's sloppy play and misfires. At times, it's like you're watching a blooper reel. But L.A. Wildcats games are a Lambeau-leaping hoot. And a great value. Full Article
pst Alex Acosta gave a pass to Epstein years ago. He’s still at it as labor secretary. By www.washingtonpost.com Published On :: Mon, 08 Jul 2019 23:53:00 +0000 His department has ignored visas for trafficking victims. Full Article
pst AT#679 - Canada's Dempster Highway By amateurtraveler.com Published On :: Sat, 09 Nov 2019 15:00:00 +0000 Hear about traveling the Dempster Highway as the Amateur Traveler talks to Lisa from TheHotFlashPacker.com about this iconic drive into the Arctic Circle in Canada. Full Article
pst Episode 33: Upstream Color/The Kings of Summer/Blackfish By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 26 Sep 2013 04:52:00 +0000 Upstream Color reviewThe Kings of Summer reviewBlackfish reviewWhat We Watched: Fruitvale Station, At World's End, The Spectacular Now, Elysium, Only God Forgives, and The ABCs of DeathGrand Theft Auto 5 talkYou can download the episode here. (right click to save) Full Article
pst Deficiency in ZMPSTE24 and resulting farnesyl-prelamin A accumulation only modestly affect mouse adipose tissue stores [Research Articles] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-03-01T00:06:33-08:00 Zinc metallopeptidase STE24 (ZMPSTE24) is essential for the conversion of farnesyl–prelamin A to mature lamin A, a key component of the nuclear lamina. In the absence of ZMPSTE24, farnesyl–prelamin A accumulates in the nucleus and exerts toxicity, causing a variety of disease phenotypes. By ~4 months of age, both male and female Zmpste24–/– mice manifest a near-complete loss of adipose tissue, but it has never been clear whether this phenotype is a direct consequence of farnesyl–prelamin A toxicity in adipocytes. To address this question, we generated a conditional knockout Zmpste24 allele and used it to create adipocyte-specific Zmpste24–knockout mice. To boost farnesyl–prelamin A levels, we bred in the "prelamin A–only" Lmna allele. Gene expression, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry experiments revealed that adipose tissue in these mice had decreased Zmpste24 expression along with strikingly increased accumulation of prelamin A. In male mice, Zmpste24 deficiency in adipocytes was accompanied by modest changes in adipose stores (an 11% decrease in body weight, a 23% decrease in body fat mass, and significantly smaller gonadal and inguinal white adipose depots). No changes in adipose stores were detected in female mice, likely because prelamin A expression in adipose tissue is lower in female mice. Zmpste24 deficiency in adipocytes did not alter the number of macrophages in adipose tissue, nor did it alter plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides, or fatty acids. We conclude that ZMPSTE24 deficiency in adipocytes, and the accompanying accumulation of farnesyl–prelamin A, reduces adipose tissue stores, but only modestly and only in male mice. Full Article
pst Combination upstream and downstream treatment modalities for RECOVERY from COVID-19 By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Friday, May 8, 2020 - 11:27 Full Article
pst Rammya Mathew: Liquid diets offer promise, but we still need upstream solutions By feeds.bmj.com Published On :: Thursday, January 3, 2019 - 10:25 Full Article
pst Swimming upstream : trends and prospects in education for health / Margaret Whitehead. By search.wellcomelibrary.org Published On :: London : King's Fund Institute, 1989. Full Article
pst Generalised cepstral models for the spectrum of vector time series By projecteuclid.org Published On :: Tue, 05 May 2020 22:00 EDT Maddalena Cavicchioli. Source: Electronic Journal of Statistics, Volume 14, Number 1, 605--631.Abstract: The paper treats the modeling of stationary multivariate stochastic processes via a frequency domain model expressed in terms of cepstrum theory. The proposed model nests the vector exponential model of [20] as a special case, and extends the generalised cepstral model of [36] to the multivariate setting, answering a question raised by the last authors in their paper. Contemporarily, we extend the notion of generalised autocovariance function of [35] to vector time series. Then we derive explicit matrix formulas connecting generalised cepstral and autocovariance matrices of the process, and prove the consistency and asymptotic properties of the Whittle likelihood estimators of model parameters. Asymptotic theory for the special case of the vector exponential model is a significant addition to the paper of [20]. We also provide a mathematical machinery, based on matrix differentiation, and computational methods to derive our results, which differ significantly from those employed in the univariate case. The utility of the proposed model is illustrated through Monte Carlo simulation from a bivariate process characterized by a high dynamic range, and an empirical application on time varying minimum variance hedge ratios through the second moments of future and spot prices in the corn commodity market. Full Article
pst Jamboree Begins Construction on Capstone Development to Change... By www.prweb.com Published On :: In a public-private partnership to develop housing, resident services and hope for 102 working families in Haster Orangewood community, Jamboree Housing Corporation and the City of Anaheim announce...(PRWeb April 27, 2020)Read the full story at https://www.prweb.com/releases/jamboree_begins_construction_on_capstone_development_to_change_trajectory_of_neighborhood_in_anaheim_ca/prweb17073166.htm Full Article
pst Part of Dempster Highway to close starting Friday, says N.W.T. government By www.cbc.ca Published On :: Fri, 8 May 2020 13:53:21 EDT Highway 8, otherwise known as the Dempster Highway, will be closed to all traffic at 5 p.m. on Friday, according to the government of the Northwest Territories. Full Article News/Canada/North
pst Dipstick Screening for Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2014-04-28T00:07:22-07:00 Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common bacterial infection in febrile infants aged 1 to 90 days. It is unclear if urine microscopy offers significant benefit beyond urine dipstick as a screening test for UTI in this population.Dipstick may be an adequate screening test for UTI in infants aged 1 to 90 days with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.7%. Adding microscopy increases the NPV to 99.2% but results in 8 false-positives for every UTI missed by dipstick. (Read the full article) Full Article
pst Automated Urinalysis and Urine Dipstick in the Emergency Evaluation of Young Febrile Children By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2014-08-18T00:07:02-07:00 Urinary tract infection is the most common serious bacterial illness among febrile infants and young children. Automated urine cytometry may supplant traditional urinalysis, but diagnostic performance at unique pediatric cutpoints has not been described for this labor-saving technique.We describe new, clinically useful cutpoints for automated leukocyte and bacterial counts. The sensitivity and specificity of bacterial counts ≥250 cells/μL exceed those of other methods. However, point-of-care dipstick tests for leukocyte esterase or nitrite have acceptable performance. (Read the full article) Full Article
pst PCMAG Lenovo ThinkPad Edge E545 SWEEPSTAKES RULES By www.pcmag.com Published On :: NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. Full Article
pst LGG6 Twitter Sweepstakes By www.pcmag.com Published On :: This Sweepstakes is open to individuals 18 and older who are legal US residents. Full Article
pst PCMag.com Readers' Choice/ Business Choice Survey Sweepstakes Rules By www.pcmag.com Published On :: Enter PCMag.com's Readers' Choice/Business Choice Survey sweepstakes for a chance to win! Full Article
pst Senior engineering students modify capstones into virtual experience By news.psu.edu Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 09:54 -0400 After months of hard work and preparation, nearly a dozen Penn State Hazleton seniors are now one step closer to graduating after presenting their Capstone Research and Design Thesis projects. Full Article
pst Modified upstate stream trout season to open in New Castle County streams By news.delaware.gov Published On :: Fri, 20 Mar 2020 20:49:12 +0000 Anglers encouraged to practice responsible social distancing. Trout streams closed March 21 until opening. Full Article Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control Division of Fish and Wildlife anglers Coronavirus fishing outdoors and recreation stocking trout wildlife
pst Droom launches Jumpstart: Doorstep servicing for vehicles grounded by lockdown at Rs 499 By www.financialexpress.com Published On :: 2020-05-06T17:11:34+05:30 Fleet companies, RWAs, hospitals, logistics providers, private and public bus owners, hotels that offer commute, garages, dealerships, can all avail Droom's Jumpstart service. Full Article
pst Capstone 4.0.2 By packetstormsecurity.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 20:01:48 GMT Capstone is a multi-architecture, multi-platform disassembly framework. It has a simple and lightweight architecture-neutral API, thread-safe by design, provides details on disassembled instruction, and more. Full Article
pst Pacific Islands Women in Leadership Program Holds Capstone Workshop in Suva, Fiji By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 03 Jun 2015 01:34:40 +0000 Pacific Islands Women in Leadership 2015 participants and staffThe 2014-2015 Pacific Islands Women in Leadership (WIL) Program held its capstone workshop in Suva, Fiji, May 17-23, 2015. The weeklong program allowed the participants to reconnect with each other as well as make new connections within the Pacific Region. The group reported on the status of the projects they started upon returning home after the initial program workshop held in Honolulu in October 2015. Two of the participants from Fiji shared their projects with the WIL group with site visits. Full Article
pst Decision of the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main on bundling of consents in sweepstakes By www.eversheds.com Published On :: 2019-10-14 In its decision of 27. June 2019 (Ref. 6 U 6/19), the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main ruled that participation in a sweepstakes can be made dependent on participants giving their consent to receive future marketing via e-mail or calls. In... Full Article
pst Lebanon rooftops bustle as virus shifts life upstairs By www.dailystar.com.lb Published On :: 2020-05-09T15:02:00.0000000 Usually the kingdom of water tanks and satellite dishes, Lebanon's rooftops have recently been graced by unlikely scenes of locked-down residents fleeing their flats. Full Article Lebanon News
pst Nigerian comics fight COVID-19 with gags and slapstick slaps By feeds.reuters.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 09:43:32 -0400 Nigerian comedian Maryam Apaokagi has a sure-fire way of getting people to listen to her coronavirus health advice - she delivers it with a hard slap in the face. Full Article lifestyleMolt
pst Lipsticks, Glosses Contain Toxic Metals: Report By www.medicinenet.com Published On :: Sat, 9 May 2020 00:00:00 PDT Title: Lipsticks, Glosses Contain Toxic Metals: ReportCategory: Health NewsCreated: 5/2/2013 10:35:00 AMLast Editorial Review: 5/2/2013 12:00:00 AM Full Article
pst Epstein-Barr Virus Epitope-Major Histocompatibility Complex Interaction Combined with Convergent Recombination Drives Selection of Diverse T Cell Receptor {alpha} and {beta} Repertoires By mbio.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-17T01:30:14-07:00 ABSTRACT Recognition modes of individual T cell receptors (TCRs) are well studied, but factors driving the selection of TCR repertoires from primary through persistent human virus infections are less well understood. Using deep sequencing, we demonstrate a high degree of diversity of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific clonotypes in acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM). Only 9% of unique clonotypes detected in AIM persisted into convalescence; the majority (91%) of unique clonotypes detected in AIM were not detected in convalescence and were seeming replaced by equally diverse "de novo" clonotypes. The persistent clonotypes had a greater probability of being generated than nonpersistent clonotypes due to convergence recombination of multiple nucleotide sequences to encode the same amino acid sequence, as well as the use of shorter complementarity-determining regions 3 (CDR3s) with fewer nucleotide additions (i.e., sequences closer to germ line). Moreover, the two most immunodominant HLA-A2-restricted EBV epitopes, BRLF1109 and BMLF1280, show highly distinct antigen-specific public (i.e., shared between individuals) features. In fact, TCRα CDR3 motifs played a dominant role, while TCRβ played a minimal role, in the selection of TCR repertoire to an immunodominant EBV epitope, BRLF1. This contrasts with the majority of previously reported repertoires, which appear to be selected either on TCRβ CDR3 interactions with peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) or in combination with TCRα CDR3. Understanding of how TCR-peptide-MHC complex interactions drive repertoire selection can be used to develop optimal strategies for vaccine design or generation of appropriate adoptive immunotherapies for viral infections in transplant settings or for cancer. IMPORTANCE Several lines of evidence suggest that TCRα and TCRβ repertoires play a role in disease outcomes and treatment strategies during viral infections in transplant patients and in cancer and autoimmune disease therapy. Our data suggest that it is essential that we understand the basic principles of how to drive optimum repertoires for both TCR chains, α and β. We address this important issue by characterizing the CD8 TCR repertoire to a common persistent human viral infection (EBV), which is controlled by appropriate CD8 T cell responses. The ultimate goal would be to determine if the individuals who are infected asymptomatically develop a different TCR repertoire than those that develop the immunopathology of AIM. Here, we begin by doing an in-depth characterization of both CD8 T cell TCRα and TCRβ repertoires to two immunodominant EBV epitopes over the course of AIM, identifying potential factors that may be driving their selection. Full Article
pst Moving Upstream to Impact Health: Building a Physician Workforce that Understands Social Determinants By www.ncmedicaljournal.com Published On :: 2020-05-04T06:50:30-07:00 Decades of rallying cries from professional societies, medical education and training programs, and government stakeholders have distilled the conversation of social determinants of health (SDOH) from theoretical proposals into practical solutions [1-3]. No longer standing on the precipice of change, we are now in the trenches. The nation's health care system recognizes SDOH as important drivers of health and is taking steps to address them in the practice environment. More widespread action and attention by the health care system drives the need to train the next generation of physicians in the concepts and actions related to SDOH. This includes SDOH as a core part of the medical curriculum, offering clinical and research experiences and service in the community [4-5]. Unfortunately, to date only a handful of programs have brought this vision to fruition. Across the country, most programs offer educational content that is largely didactic and provided in short or one-time sessions [6]. Though a start, such approaches are insufficient to prepare the next generation of physicians for their important work ahead. In New Orleans, the NOLA Hotspotters are an interdisciplinary group of medical, public health, nursing, and pharmacy students inspired by the work out of Camden, New Jersey, to "hot spot" patients with high utilization, which is often related to social needs [7]. While the results of the Camden program have been widely discussed following publication of their work, we argue the benefit of such a program exists beyond reduced emergency department visits or health care spending [8]. The... Full Article
pst An EBNA3A-Mutated Epstein-Barr Virus Retains the Capacity for Lymphomagenesis in a Cord Blood-Humanized Mouse Model [Transformation and Oncogenesis] By jvi.asm.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T08:00:47-07:00 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes B cell lymphomas and transforms B cells in vitro. The EBV protein EBNA3A collaborates with EBNA3C to repress p16 expression and is required for efficient transformation in vitro. An EBNA3A deletion mutant EBV strain was recently reported to establish latency in humanized mice but not cause tumors. Here, we compare the phenotypes of an EBNA3A mutant EBV (3A) and wild-type (WT) EBV in a cord blood-humanized (CBH) mouse model. The hypomorphic 3A mutant, in which a stop codon is inserted downstream from the first ATG and the open reading frame is disrupted by a 1-bp insertion, expresses very small amounts of EBNA3A using an alternative ATG at residue 15. 3A caused B cell lymphomas at rates similar to their induction by WT EBV but with delayed onset. 3A and WT tumors expressed equivalent levels of EBNA2 and p16, but 3A tumors in some cases had reduced LMP1. Like the WT EBV tumors, 3A lymphomas were oligoclonal/monoclonal, with typically one dominant IGHV gene being expressed. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed small but consistent gene expression differences involving multiple cellular genes in the WT EBV- versus 3A-infected tumors and increased expression of genes associated with T cells, suggesting increased T cell infiltration of tumors. Consistent with an impact of EBNA3A on immune function, we found that the expression of CLEC2D, a receptor that has previously been shown to influence responses of T and NK cells, was markedly diminished in cells infected with EBNA3A mutant virus. Together, these studies suggest that EBNA3A contributes to efficient EBV-induced lymphomagenesis in CBH mice. IMPORTANCE The EBV protein EBNA3A is expressed in latently infected B cells and is important for efficient EBV-induced transformation of B cells in vitro. In this study, we used a cord blood-humanized mouse model to compare the phenotypes of an EBNA3A hypomorph mutant virus (3A) and wild-type EBV. The 3A virus caused lymphomas with delayed onset compared to the onset of those caused by WT EBV, although the tumors occurred at a similar rate. The WT EBV and EBNA3A mutant tumors expressed similar levels of the EBV protein EBNA2 and cellular protein p16, but in some cases, 3A tumors had less LMP1. Our analysis suggested that 3A-infected tumors have elevated T cell infiltrates and decreased expression of the CLEC2D receptor, which may point to potential novel roles of EBNA3A in T cell and NK cell responses to EBV-infected tumors. Full Article
pst Identification and Cloning of a New Western Epstein-Barr Virus Strain That Efficiently Replicates in Primary B Cells [Genome Replication and Regulation of Viral Gene Expression] By jvi.asm.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T08:00:47-07:00 The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes human cancers, and epidemiological studies have shown that lytic replication is a risk factor for some of these tumors. This fits with the observation that EBV M81, which was isolated from a Chinese patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, induces potent virus production and increases the risk of genetic instability in infected B cells. To find out whether this property extends to viruses found in other parts of the world, we investigated 22 viruses isolated from Western patients. While one-third of the viruses hardly replicated, the remaining viruses showed variable levels of replication, with three isolates replicating at levels close to that of M81 in B cells. We cloned one strongly replicating virus into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC); the resulting recombinant virus (MSHJ) retained the properties of its nonrecombinant counterpart and showed similarities to M81, undergoing lytic replication in vitro and in vivo after 3 weeks of latency. In contrast, B cells infected with the nonreplicating Western B95-8 virus showed early but abortive replication accompanied by cytoplasmic BZLF1 expression. Sequencing confirmed that rMSHJ is a Western virus, being genetically much closer to B95-8 than to M81. Spontaneous replication in rM81- and rMSHJ-infected B cells was dependent on phosphorylated Btk and was inhibited by exposure to ibrutinib, opening the way to clinical intervention in patients with abnormal EBV replication. As rMSHJ contains the complete EBV genome and induces lytic replication in infected B cells, it is ideal to perform genetic analyses of all viral functions in Western strains and their associated diseases. IMPORTANCE The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects the majority of the world population but causes different diseases in different countries. Evidence that lytic replication, the process that leads to new virus progeny, is linked to cancer development is accumulating. Indeed, viruses such as M81 that were isolated from Far Eastern nasopharyngeal carcinomas replicate strongly in B cells. We show here that some viruses isolated from Western patients, including the MSHJ strain, share this property. Moreover, replication of both M81 and of MSHJ was sensitive to ibrutinib, a commonly used drug, thereby opening an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Sequencing of MSHJ showed that this virus is quite distant from M81 and is much closer to nonreplicating Western viruses. We conclude that Western EBV strains are heterogeneous, with some viruses being able to replicate more strongly and therefore being potentially more pathogenic than others, and that the virus sequence information alone cannot predict this property. Full Article
pst Validation of an Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Risk Stratification Signature for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Use of Multiplex Serology [Virology] By jcm.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-23T08:00:28-07:00 Serological testing for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has recently been reinvigorated by the implementation of novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific IgA and IgG antibodies from a proteome array. Although proteome arrays are well suited for comprehensive antigen selection, they are not applicable for large-scale studies. We adapted a 13-marker EBV antigen signature for NPC risk identified by proteome arrays to multiplex serology to establish an assay for large-scale studies. Taiwanese NPC cases (n = 175) and matched controls (n = 175) were used for assay validation. Spearman’s correlation was calculated, and the diagnostic value of all multiplex markers was assessed independently using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Two refined signatures were identified using stepwise logistic regression and internally validated with 10-fold cross validation. Array and multiplex serology showed strong correlation for each individual EBV marker, as well as for a 13-marker combined model on continuous data. Two refined signatures with either four (LF2 and BGLF2 IgG, LF2 and BMRF1 IgA) or two (LF2 and BGLF2 IgG) antibodies on dichotomous data were identified as the most parsimonious set of serological markers able to distinguish NPC cases from controls with AUCs of 0.992 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.983 to 1.000) and 0.984 (95% CI, 0.971 to 0.997), respectively. Neither differed significantly from the 13-marker model (AUC, 0.992; 95% CI, 0.982 to 1.000). All models were internally validated. Multiplex serology successfully validated the original EBV proteome microarray data. Two refined signatures of four and two antibodies were capable of detecting NPC with 99.2% and 98.4% accuracy. Full Article
pst Constitutive CHK1 Expression Drives a pSTAT3-CIP2A Circuit that Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Survival and Growth By mcr.aacrjournals.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T05:40:21-07:00 High-constitutive activity of the DNA damage response protein checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) has been shown in glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines and in tissue sections. However, whether constitutive activation and overexpression of CHK1 in GBM plays a functional role in tumorigenesis or has prognostic significance is not known. We interrogated multiple glioma patient cohorts for expression levels of CHK1 and the oncogene cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A), a known target of high-CHK1 activity, and examined the relationship between these two proteins in GBM. Expression levels of CHK1 and CIP2A were independent predictors for reduced overall survival across multiple glioma patient cohorts. Using siRNA and pharmacologic inhibitors we evaluated the impact of their depletion using both in vitro and in vivo models and sought a mechanistic explanation for high CIP2A in the presence of high-CHK1 levels in GBM and show that; (i) CHK1 and pSTAT3 positively regulate CIP2A gene expression; (ii) pSTAT3 and CIP2A form a recursively wired transcriptional circuit; and (iii) perturbing CIP2A expression induces GBM cell senescence and retards tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, we have identified an oncogenic transcriptional circuit in GBM that can be destabilized by targeting CIP2A. Implications: High expression of CIP2A in gliomas is maintained by a CHK1-dependent pSTAT3–CIP2A recursive loop; interrupting CIP2A induces cell senescence and slows GBM growth adding impetus to the development of CIP2A as an anticancer drug target. Full Article