Barbara J. Weiland
Jan 28, 2015; 35:1505-1512
Neurobiology of Disease

Joshua A. Gordon
May 15, 1996; 16:3274-3286
Articles

Matteo Carandini
Nov 1, 1997; 17:8621-8644
Articles

Italian translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018

Italian translation of the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018

Italian translation of the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2019

French translation of the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018

French translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018

French translation of "Frequently asked questions on market risk capital requirements" by the Basel Committee, March 2018.

French translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, September 2018

French translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2019

French translation of the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2019

Spanish translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018

Spanish translation of the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2018

Spanish translation of the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2019

Spanish translation of the speech by Mr Agustín Carstens, General Manager of the BIS, on the occasion of the Bank's Annual General Meeting, Basel, 30 June 2019.

Spanish translation of the BIS press release on the presentation of the Annual Economic Report 2019, 30 June 2019.

To view more press releases, please visit http://www.snl.com/irweblinkx/news.aspx?iid=1024452.

On-the-record remarks of the March 2020 Quarterly Review media briefing by Mr Claudio Borio, Head of the Monetary and Economic Department, and Mr Hyun Song Shin, Economic Adviser and Head of Research, 28 February 2020.

Statistical regularities in natural sounds facilitate the perceptual segregation of auditory sources, or streams. Repetition is one cue that drives stream segregation in humans, but the neural basis of this perceptual phenomenon remains unknown. We demonstrated a similar perceptual ability in animals by training ferrets of both sexes to detect a stream of repeating noise samples (foreground) embedded in a stream of random samples (background). During passive listening, we recorded neural activity in primary auditory cortex (A1) and secondary auditory cortex (posterior ectosylvian gyrus, PEG). We used two context-dependent encoding models to test for evidence of streaming of the repeating stimulus. The first was based on average evoked activity per noise sample and the second on the spectro-temporal receptive field. Both approaches tested whether differences in neural responses to repeating versus random stimuli were better modeled by scaling the response to both streams equally (global gain) or by separately scaling the response to the foreground versus background stream (stream-specific gain). Consistent with previous observations of adaptation, we found an overall reduction in global gain when the stimulus began to repeat. However, when we measured stream-specific changes in gain, responses to the foreground were enhanced relative to the background. This enhancement was stronger in PEG than A1. In A1, enhancement was strongest in units with low sparseness (i.e., broad sensory tuning) and with tuning selective for the repeated sample. Enhancement of responses to the foreground relative to the background provides evidence for stream segregation that emerges in A1 and is refined in PEG.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To interact with the world successfully, the brain must parse behaviorally important information from a complex sensory environment. Complex mixtures of sounds often arrive at the ears simultaneously or in close succession, yet they are effortlessly segregated into distinct perceptual sources. This process breaks down in hearing-impaired individuals and speech recognition devices. By identifying the underlying neural mechanisms that facilitate perceptual segregation, we can develop strategies for ameliorating hearing loss and improving speech recognition technology in the presence of background noise. Here, we present evidence to support a hierarchical process, present in primary auditory cortex and refined in secondary auditory cortex, in which sound repetition facilitates segregation.

E-learning was quite the buzzword a couple of decades ago – then when the internet started in earnest it became even more so. Today e-learning is mainstreamed in many organization, including FAO with more than 400 000 learners taking advantage of FAO’s offerings. FAO’s e-learning center offers free interactive courses – in English, French and Spanish - on topics ranging [...]

The terraced hills of the Andes, the rice paddies of southern China, the oasis systems of the Maghreb: agriculture molds landscapes and places. Agriculture also shapes livelihoods, lifestyles, food traditions and cultures. What kind of plants grow or can’t grow, how they are harvested and what people eat define people’s lives.  Because our natural resources are under great strain, we need [...]

Last year, Ashmita Thapa’s husband left their hometown in southern Nepal to find work in Saudi Arabia. He had been working as a farmer and used to be able to grow enough food for the family. But now, Ashmita explains, the yields are poorer and poorer. “This is a part of climate change,” she adds. “There isn’t as much rain as [...]

11 and 18 December 2019, Rome –A Farmer’s Market at FAO’s premises will take place on Wednesday, 11 December and on Wednesday 18 December 2019 from 12.00 [...]

The farmers will offer seasonal fresh fruits and vegetables to around 3000 people - including employees, contractors, delegates and visitors - that enter the FAO headquarters every day.

Centro Agroalimentare [...]

As of the start of the New Year, the Farmers’ Market will be back at FAO’s premises – Atrium - on January 29^th  from 12.00- 16.00 hours.

All of [...]

Buy fresh and seasonal produce at the Farmers’ Market on
Wednesday 26 February from 12.00 – 16.00 hours, and be sure to visit the [...]

The Farmers’ Market has been postponed for Friday 6 March and until further notice.

Autumn Ray's goal: 59 national parks before she turns 40 in four years

The USS Silversides is patrolling the Pacific during WWII when it finds itself in a terrifying situation: one of its torpedoes has jammed

It's June 1945 and the USS Barb has just launched an unprecedented attack on the factories of the Japanese island of Shari

On February 9, 1945, two submarines are poised to engage in a direct, underwater confrontation. It's the first - and only - underwater submarine dog fight

If Perseverance doesn’t launch this year, it will have to wait until 2022

The extent of the toy’s durability came as a 'surprise' to researchers behind a new study

After 62 years underwater, the USS "Stickleback"—the casualty of an accidental friendly collision—has finally been found

Starved of resources, these hardy bacteria still eke out a living, suggesting life forms could survive in the harsh habitats on other planets

The bidet-like suite of devices detects abnormalities in feces that could flag signs of certain cancers

Blossoms contort and twist back into optimal pollination position after getting bumped and battered

We’re really, really sorry

The app features a database of some two million artworks housed at more than 120 venues

Your feedback on our coverage of women's history, wolverines and Madame C.J. Walker

The new viruses are not harmful to humans or closely related to SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19

Set of American Flamingos at Rio Lagartos Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, march in a synchronized formation whilst trying to find some food