In this paper we develop a simple analytical framework to analyze “good” and “bad equilibria” in public-debt and growth dynamics.

The economics profession seems to increasingly endorse the existence of a strongly negative nonlinear effect of public debt on economic growth. Reinhart and Rogoff (2010) were the first to point out that a public debt to GDP ratio higher than 90% of GDP is associated with considerably lower economic performance in advanced and emerging economies alike.

Governments are major issuers of debt instruments in the global financial market. This volume provides quantitative information on central government debt instruments for the 34 OECD countries.

This paper puts the original Reinhart-Rogoff dataset, made public by Herndon et al. (2013), to a formal econometric test to pin down debt thresholds endogenously. We show that the nonlinear relation from debt to growth is not very robust.

This working paper presents the background and the details of the simulations behind Box 1.4 of the May 2013 OECD Economic Outlook. A small simulation model is used to evaluate the contribution that the three pillars of the government’s strategy – fiscal consolidation, growth-boosting structural reforms and higher inflation – could make to reversing the rise in Japan’s public debt ratio.

In the wake of the financial crisis there has been renewed focus on the importance of a country’s net external debt position in determining domestic interest rates and, relatedly, its vulnerability to a crisis. This paper extends the panel estimation of OECD countries described in Turner and Spinelli (2012) to investigate the effect of external debt and its interaction with government debt on the interest-rate-growth differential.

This paper examines the various issues in defining and measuring debt, and explores other data which could be useful, both within and beyond the general government debt concept, to better track and analyse fiscal risks and sustainability issues.

Governments should set prudent debt targets to ensure that public finances serve to promote economic growth and stability, according to new OECD research.

The objective of this paper is to calculate endogenous government debt limits given the markets assessment of the probability to default.

The objective of this paper is to define long-run prudent debt targets for OECD countries and country-specific fiscal rules. To this end, a semi-structural macroeconomic model for OECD countries and primary balance reaction functions are estimated.

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) manipulate the location of their debts to reduce their corporate tax burden. Indeed, by locating debts in higher-tax rate countries, MNEs can deduct interest payments against a higher tax rate. This paper provides evidence of such manipulation of debt location.

In relation to GDP, India's public debt and interest payments are high compared with most other emerging economies and rating agencies have put India's sovereign debt at the lowest investment grade.

External Debt in Algeria decreased to 3858 USD Million in the first quarter of 2019 from 4042 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2018. External Debt in Algeria averaged 4336.82 USD Million from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 5859 USD Million in the third quarter of 2010 and a record low of 3021 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2015. This page provides - Algeria External Debt - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Brazil increased to 5758363.33 BRL Million in March from 5611015.18 BRL Million in February of 2020. Government Debt in Brazil averaged 3151256.67 BRL Million from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5758363.33 BRL Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 1336644.90 BRL Million in December of 2006. This page provides - Brazil Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Bulgaria decreased to 23547.90 BGN Million in March from 23609.20 BGN Million in February of 2020. Government Debt in Bulgaria averaged 16536.79 BGN Million from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 26881.40 BGN Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 9234.80 BGN Million in September of 2009. This page provides the latest reported value for - Bulgaria Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in Ireland decreased to 204044 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 212960 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2019. Government Debt in Ireland averaged 116030.76 EUR Million from 1991 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 218539 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2013 and a record low of 36004 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 1991. This page provides - Ireland Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Poland increased to 997397.32 PLN Million in February from 987604.73 PLN Million in January of 2020. Government Debt in Poland averaged 611398.21 PLN Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 997397.32 PLN Million in February of 2020 and a record low of 237399.87 PLN Million in December of 1998. This page provides - Poland Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Maldives recorded a government debt equivalent to 24.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Maldives averaged 34.89 percent from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 53.70 percent in 2007 and a record low of 16.20 percent in 2015. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Maldives Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

External Debt in Maldives increased to 1389.50 USD Million in 2018 from 1190.30 USD Million in 2017. External Debt in Maldives averaged 925.36 USD Million from 2010 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1389.50 USD Million in 2018 and a record low of 696.20 USD Million in 2015. This page provides - Maldives External Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Afghanistan recorded a government debt equivalent to 7.10 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Afghanistan averaged 12.12 percent from 2006 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 23 percent in 2006 and a record low of 7.10 percent in 2018. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Afghanistan Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Croatia increased to 293019.90 HRK Million in December from 292928.50 HRK Million in November of 2019. Government Debt in Croatia averaged 153942.02 HRK Million from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 297858.90 HRK Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 26042.90 HRK Million in June of 1996. This page provides - Croatia Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Czech Republic increased to 1740468 CZK Million in 2019 from 1734626 CZK Million in 2018. Government Debt in Czech Republic averaged 1097156.48 CZK Million from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1840412 CZK Million in 2013 and a record low of 211777 CZK Million in 1996. This page provides - Czech Republic Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Lithuania decreased to 15792.20 EUR Million in March from 16011.90 EUR Million in February of 2020. Government Debt in Lithuania averaged 9851.10 EUR Million from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 17304 EUR Million in January of 2020 and a record low of 3249.10 EUR Million in February of 2004. This page provides the latest reported value for - Lithuania Central Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Government Debt in Namibia increased to 86647.30 NAD Million in 2018 from 72762.60 NAD Million in 2017. Government Debt in Namibia averaged 37027.82 NAD Million from 2007 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 86647.30 NAD Million in 2018 and a record low of 11655.30 NAD Million in 2007. This page provides the latest reported value for - Namibia Government Debt - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

External Debt in Namibia increased to 32155.60 NAD Million in 2018 from 26425.90 NAD Million in 2017. External Debt in Namibia averaged 13691.42 NAD Million from 2007 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 32155.60 NAD Million in 2018 and a record low of 2873.30 NAD Million in 2007. This page provides - Namibia External Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Israel recorded a government debt equivalent to 60 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Debt to GDP in Israel averaged 77.05 percent from 1996 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 96 percent in 1996 and a record low of 60 percent in 2019. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Israel Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Qatar recorded a government debt equivalent to 48.40 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Qatar averaged 37.75 percent from 1990 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 74.40 percent in 1999 and a record low of 8.90 percent in 2007. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Qatar Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in China increased to 55.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 54.40 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in China averaged 32.39 percent of GDP from 2006 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 55.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 10.80 percent of GDP in the second quarter of 2006. This page provides - China Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Australia decreased to 119.50 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 119.80 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Australia averaged 73.02 percent of GDP from 1977 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 121.70 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2016 and a record low of 34.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1977. This page provides - Australia Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Czech Republic increased to 32.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 32.10 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Czech Republic averaged 20.65 percent of GDP from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 32.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 6.70 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2000. This page provides - Czech Republic Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in France increased to 61.90 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 61.40 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in France averaged 38.15 percent of GDP from 1977 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 61.90 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 18.60 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1977. This page provides - France Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Germany increased to 54.40 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 54.30 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Germany averaged 54.50 percent of GDP from 1970 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 71.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2000 and a record low of 34.80 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 1971. This page provides - Germany Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Greece decreased to 53.30 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 54.40 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Greece averaged 39.44 percent of GDP from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 65.70 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2014 and a record low of 5.50 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1994. This page provides - Greece Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Ireland decreased to 38.50 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 39.70 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Ireland averaged 77.67 percent of GDP from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 116.30 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2009 and a record low of 38.50 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019. This page provides - Ireland Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Japan increased to 59 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 58.60 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Japan averaged 53.22 percent of GDP from 1964 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 72.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1999 and a record low of 20.30 percent of GDP in the second quarter of 1965. This page provides - Japan Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Luxembourg decreased to 66.10 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 66.60 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Luxembourg averaged 55.59 percent of GDP from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 66.60 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 37.40 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2002. This page provides - Luxembourg Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Poland decreased to 34.80 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 35.30 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Poland averaged 22.10 percent of GDP from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 36.70 percent of GDP in the second quarter of 2015 and a record low of 2.20 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 1996. This page provides - Poland Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Portugal decreased to 63.90 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 64.90 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Portugal averaged 48.66 percent of GDP from 1979 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 92.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2009 and a record low of 7.60 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1979. This page provides - Portugal Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in South Africa increased to 34.30 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 34.10 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in South Africa averaged 37.81 percent of GDP from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 43.90 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2008 and a record low of 33.10 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2017. This page provides - South Africa Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Turkey increased to 14.70 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 14.20 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Turkey averaged 7.26 percent of GDP from 1986 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 19.60 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2013 and a record low of 0.10 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 1988. This page provides - Turkey Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in the United Kingdom decreased to 83.80 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 83.90 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in the United Kingdom averaged 57.29 percent of GDP from 1966 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 94.90 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2009 and a record low of 28.80 percent of GDP in the second quarter of 1971. This page provides - United Kingdom Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in the United States increased to 75.40 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 75.20 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in the United States averaged 58.59 percent of GDP from 1952 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 98.60 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2007 and a record low of 23.80 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 1952. This page provides - United States Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Mexico decreased to 16.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 16.50 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Mexico averaged 12.21 percent of GDP from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 16.50 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 7.70 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2000. This page provides - Mexico Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Argentina increased to 5.40 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 5.30 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Argentina averaged 4.99 percent of GDP from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 7.40 percent of GDP in the second quarter of 2018 and a record low of 2.50 percent of GDP in the first quarter of 2004. This page provides - Argentina Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Israel decreased to 41.70 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 41.80 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Israel averaged 37.95 percent of GDP from 1992 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 41.90 percent of GDP in the second quarter of 2018 and a record low of 28.80 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 1992. This page provides - Israel Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Brazil increased to 30.40 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 29.80 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Brazil averaged 19.08 percent of GDP from 1996 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 30.40 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 10.40 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2003. This page provides - Brazil Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Lithuania increased to 23.06 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 23.05 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Lithuania averaged 22.17 percent of GDP from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 32.60 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2009 and a record low of 1.39 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2003. This page provides - Lithuania Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Debt in Macedonia increased to 4344.40 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 4302.30 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2018. Government Debt in Macedonia averaged 3234.03 EUR Million from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 4344.40 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 1387 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2008. This page provides - Macedonia Government Debt- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Macedonia recorded a government debt equivalent to 40.70 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Macedonia averaged 35.91 percent from 1999 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 57.20 percent in 2000 and a record low of 20.50 percent in 2008. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Macedonia Government Debt to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Households Debt in Russia increased to 19.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 18.80 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Russia averaged 9.15 percent of GDP from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 19.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 0.60 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1999. This page provides - Russia Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.