Title: Levaquin Approved to Treat or Prevent Plague
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2012 6:06:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2012 12:00:00 AM

Title: Votrient Approved to Treat Cancer That Begins in Soft Tissue
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2012 2:05:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2012 12:00:00 AM

Title: Seniors Undertreated for Asthma, and Many Skip Inhalers: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2012 2:05:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2012 12:00:00 AM

Title: Girls With Autism May Need Different Treatments Than Boys
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2013 12:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2013 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Warns Against Bogus Autism Treatments
Category: Health News
Created: 4/25/2014 2:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Complications Fairly Common, Costly With Some Kidney Stone Treatments
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2014 9:35:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Complications Common, Costly With Some Kidney Stone Treatments
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2014 12:35:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Promptly Treat a Minor Burn
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Gene Discoveries Could Help Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: UTIs Are Getting Tougher to Treat
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Where You're Treated for Heart Attack Matters
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Expert Offers Advice on Treating Corns, Calluses
Category: Health News
Created: 4/24/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/25/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: Heat Beats Cold for Treating Jellyfish Stings
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: Brain Research Fuels New Migraine Treatments
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: VA Clinic Investigating Unsanitary Treatment Room
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Speed of Heart Attack Treatment Can Vary by State
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Earlier Mammograms May Mean Less Need for Aggressive Treatments
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/4/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Many Cardiologists Ill-Equipped to Treat Heart Disease in Cancer Survivors
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Gene Therapy May Help Fight Tough-to-Treat Blood Cancer
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Treatments Targeting Social Behavior Hormone Show Promise With Autism
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Red Tape Means Many Cancer Patients Get Radiation Treatments Late
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/3/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pepcid Ingredient Famotidine Being Tested as COVID-19 Treatment
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Costs Would Keep 1 in 7 Americans From Seeking COVID-19 Treatment
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: UV Light Won't Treat COVID-19 -- But It Might Disinfect Medical Gear
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Blood Count May Offer Clues to Treatment of COVID-19: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: How Do You Treat Saphenous Nerve Pain?
Category: Procedures and Tests
Created: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Approves New Type of Drug to Treat Migraines
Category: Health News
Created: 12/23/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 12/24/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Could Smartphones Be Making Migraines Even Tougher to Treat?
Category: Health News
Created: 3/4/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/5/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: A Surprising Way to Make a Sweet Treat Taste Even Sweeter
Category: Health News
Created: 4/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Could Your Contact Lenses Track, Treat Your Diabetes?
Category: Health News
Created: 4/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Treating Chicken Skin
Category: Health News
Created: 1/30/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 1/30/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Ear Infection Home Treatment
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 1/25/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/21/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Researchers Move Toward Once-Yearly Treatment for HIV
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: How Does Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Treat Depression?
Category: Procedures and Tests
Created: 4/29/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Sinus Headache Pain, Symptoms, Treatments, Remedies, and Cures
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 1/11/2010 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 1/13/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: First Treatment for Peanut Allergy Approved by FDA
Category: Health News
Created: 2/3/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/3/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: First Drug Approved for Treatment of Peanut Allergy in Children
Category: Health News
Created: 2/3/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/4/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Supreme Court Justice Ginsberg Treated for Gallbladder Infection
Category: Health News
Created: 5/5/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/6/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Drug Offers Hope Against Tough-to-Treat Chronic Cough
Category: Health News
Created: 2/26/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/26/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Could AI Help Doctors Map Out Treatments for Brain Cancers?
Category: Health News
Created: 4/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Untreated Sleep Apnea Puts Your Heart at High Risk
Category: Health News
Created: 2/3/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/4/2020 12:00:00 AM

Overexpression of transcription factor 3 in alveolar soft part sarcoma(ASPS) results in upregulation of cell proliferation pathways. No standard treatment algorithm exists for ASPS; multikinase inhibitors[tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)] and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have shown clinical benefit. To date, no studies have reported on management strategies or sequencing of therapy. We evaluated ASPS treatment patterns and responses in an experimental therapeutics clinic. Genomic and morphoproteomic analysis was performed to further elucidate novel targets. We retrospectively reviewed patients with ASPS treated on clinical trials. Demographic and clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) profiles were collected. AACR GENIE database was queried to further evaluate aberrations in ASPS. Morphoproteomic analysis was carried out to better define the biology of ASPS with integration of genomic and proteomic findings. Eleven patients with ASPS were identified; 7 received NGS testing and mutations in CDKN2A (n = 1) and hepatocyte growth factor (n = 1) were present. Ten patients were treated with TKIs with stable disease as best response and 4 patients with ICI (three partial responses). Within GENIE, 20 patients were identified harboring 3 called pathogenic mutations. Tumor mutation burden was low in all samples. Morphoproteomic analysis confirmed the expression of phosphorylated c-Met. In addition, fatty acid synthase and phosphorylated-STAT3 were detected in tumor cell cytoplasm and nuclei. Patients with ASPS have a quiescent genome and derive clinical benefit from VEGF-targeting TKIs. Morphoproteomic analysis has provided both additional correlative pathways and angiogenic mechanisms that are targetable for patients with ASPS. Our study suggests that sequential therapy with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors is a reasonable management strategy.

ABSTRACT

Frequent and excessive use of antibiotics primes patients to Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), which leads to fatal pseudomembranous colitis, with limited treatment options. In earlier reports, we used a drug repurposing strategy and identified amoxapine (an antidepressant), doxapram (a breathing stimulant), and trifluoperazine (an antipsychotic), which provided significant protection to mice against lethal infections with several pathogens, including C. difficile. However, the mechanisms of action of these drugs were not known. Here, we provide evidence that all three drugs offered protection against experimental CDI by reducing bacterial burden and toxin levels, although the drugs were neither bacteriostatic nor bactericidal in nature and had minimal impact on the composition of the microbiota. Drug-mediated protection was dependent on the presence of the microbiota, implicating its role in evoking host defenses that promoted protective immunity. By utilizing transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), we identified that each drug increased expression of several innate immune response-related genes, including those involved in the recruitment of neutrophils, the production of interleukin 33 (IL-33), and the IL-22 signaling pathway. The RNA-seq data on selected genes were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and protein assays. Focusing on amoxapine, which had the best anti-CDI outcome, we demonstrated that neutralization of IL-33 or depletion of neutrophils resulted in loss of drug efficacy. Overall, our lead drugs promote disease alleviation and survival in the murine model through activation of IL-33 and by clearing the pathogen through host defense mechanisms that critically include an early influx of neutrophils.

IMPORTANCE Clostridioides difficile is a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium and the leading cause of antibiotic-associated colitis. With few therapeutic options and high rates of disease recurrence, the need to develop new treatment options is urgent. Prior studies utilizing a repurposing approach identified three nonantibiotic Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, amoxapine, doxapram, and trifluoperazine, with efficacy against a broad range of human pathogens; however, the protective mechanisms remained unknown. Here, we identified mechanisms leading to drug efficacy in a murine model of lethal C. difficile infection (CDI), advancing our understanding of the role of these drugs in infectious disease pathogenesis that center on host immune responses to C. difficile. Overall, these studies highlight the crucial involvement of innate immune responses, as well as the importance of immunomodulation as a potential therapeutic option to combat CDI.

ABSTRACT

The recent discovery of complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) contradicts the paradigm that chemolithoautotrophic nitrification is always catalyzed by two different microorganisms. However, our knowledge of the survival strategies of comammox in complex ecosystems, such as full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), remains limited. Analyses of genomes and in situ transcriptomes of four comammox organisms from two full-scale WWTPs revealed that comammox were active and showed a surprisingly high metabolic versatility. A gene cluster for the utilization of urea and a gene encoding cyanase suggest that comammox may use diverse organic nitrogen compounds in addition to free ammonia as the substrates. The comammox organisms also encoded the genomic potential for multiple alternative energy metabolisms, including respiration with hydrogen, formate, and sulfite as electron donors. Pathways for the biosynthesis and degradation of polyphosphate, glycogen, and polyhydroxyalkanoates as intracellular storage compounds likely help comammox survive unfavorable conditions and facilitate switches between lifestyles in fluctuating environments. One of the comammox strains acquired from the anaerobic tank encoded and transcribed genes involved in homoacetate fermentation or in the utilization of exogenous acetate, both pathways being unexpected in a nitrifying bacterium. Surprisingly, this strain also encoded a respiratory nitrate reductase which has not yet been found in any other Nitrospira genome and might confer a selective advantage to this strain over other Nitrospira strains in anoxic conditions.

IMPORTANCE The discovery of comammox in the genus Nitrospira changes our perception of nitrification. However, genomes of comammox organisms have not been acquired from full-scale WWTPs, and very little is known about their survival strategies and potential metabolisms in complex wastewater treatment systems. Here, four comammox metagenome-assembled genomes and metatranscriptomic data sets were retrieved from two full-scale WWTPs. Their impressive and—among nitrifiers—unsurpassed ecophysiological versatility could make comammox Nitrospira an interesting target for optimizing nitrification in current and future bioreactor configurations.

ABSTRACT

Patients with COVID-19 infection are at risk of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and death. The tissue receptor for COVID-19 is ACE2, and higher levels of ACE2 can protect against ARDS. Angiotensin receptor blockers and statins upregulate ACE2. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether this drug combination might be used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 infection.

The treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or mandibular advancement devices (MADs) is associated with blood pressure (BP) reduction; however, the overall effect is modest. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of such treatments on BP was to identify subgroups of patients who respond best to treatment.

The article search was performed in three different databases with specific search terms and selection criteria. From 2289 articles, we included 68 RCTs that compared CPAP or MADs with either passive or active treatment. When all the studies were pooled together, CPAP and MADs were associated with a mean BP reduction of –2.09 (95% CI –2.78– –1.40) mmHg for systolic BP and –1.92 (95% CI –2.40– –1.43) mmHg for diastolic BP and –1.27 (95% CI –2.34– –0.20) mmHg for systolic BP and –1.11 (95% CI –1.82– –0.41) mmHg for diastolic BP, respectively. The subgroups of patients who showed a greater response were those aged <60 years (systolic BP –2.93 mmHg), with uncontrolled BP at baseline (systolic BP –4.14 mmHg) and with severe oxygen desaturations (minimum arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry <77%) at baseline (24-h systolic BP –7.57 mmHg).

Although this meta-analysis shows that the expected reduction of BP by CPAP/MADs is modest, it identifies specific characteristics that may predict a pronounced benefit from CPAP in terms of BP control. These findings should be interpreted with caution; however, they are particularly important in identifying potential phenotypes associated with BP reduction in patients treated for OSA.

Nickel is a ubiquitous metal added to jewelry and metallic substances for its hardening properties and because it is inexpensive. Estimates suggest that at least 1.1 million children in the United States are sensitized to nickel. Nickel allergic contact dermatitis (Ni-ACD) is the most common cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction worldwide. The incidence among children tested has almost quadrupled over the past 3 decades. The associated morbidities include itch, discomfort, school absence, and reduced quality of life. In adulthood, individuals with Ni-ACD may have severe disabling hand eczema. The increasing rate of Ni-ACD in children has been postulated to result from early and frequent exposure to metals with high amounts of nickel release (eg, as occurs with ear piercing or with products used daily in childhood such as toys, belt buckles, and electronics).

To reduce exposure to metal sources with high nickel release by prolonged and direct contact with human skin, Denmark and the European Union legislated a directive several decades ago with the goal of reducing high nickel release and the incidence of Ni-ACD. Since then, there has been a global reduction in incidence of Ni-ACD in population-based studies of adults and studies of children and young adults being tested for allergic contact dermatitis. These data point to nickel exposure as a trigger for elicitation of Ni-ACD and, further, provide evidence that legislation can have a favorable effect on the economic and medical health of a population.

This policy statement reviews the epidemiology, history, and appearances of Ni-ACD. Examples of sources of high nickel release are discussed to highlight how difficult it is to avoid this metal in modern daily lives. Treatments are outlined, and avoidance strategies are presented. Long-term epidemiological interventions are addressed. Advocacy for smarter nickel use is reviewed. The American Academy of Pediatrics supports US legislation that advances safety standards (as modeled by the European Union) that protect children from early and prolonged skin exposure to high–nickel-releasing items. Our final aim for this article is to aid the pediatric community in developing nickel-avoidance strategies on both individual and global levels.

Gamma interferon (IFN-)-induced innate immune responses play important roles in the inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii infection. It has been reported that IFN- stimulates non-acidification-dependent growth restriction of T. gondii in HeLa cells, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor-associated protein-like 2 (GABARAPL2) plays a critical role in parasite restriction in IFN--treated HeLa cells. GABARAPL2 is recruited to membrane structures surrounding parasitophorous vacuoles (PV). Autophagy adaptors are required for the proper localization and function of GABARAPL2 in the IFN- -induced immune response. These findings provide further understanding of a noncanonical autophagy pathway responsible for IFN--dependent inhibition of T. gondii growth in human HeLa cells and demonstrate the critical role of GABARAPL2 in this response.

HIV-1 persists in cellular reservoirs that can reignite viremia if antiretroviral therapy (ART) is interrupted. Therefore, insight into the nature of those reservoirs may be revealed from the composition of recrudescing viremia following treatment cessation. A minor population of macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) viruses was identified in a library of recombinant viruses...