Brazil has made significant progress in building a reputation for sound fiscal policy since it passed the Fiscal Responsibility Law in 2000. In recent years, however, the fiscal situation has become more difficult as public spending and gross debt have risen.

This case study provides an overview of the Brazilian political financing system, including the applicable legislation, categories of political parties and funding, regulation mechanisms and transparency initiatives. It also reviews some of the tools provided to political actors to comply with the legal standards, and draft legislation designed to strengthen and reform the political funding system.

Between 2007 and 2014 Brazil sustained high employment rates, well above the OECD average. The country has historically high participation rates for men and women, as well a relatively low unemployment rate.

This note describes the taxation of energy use in Brazil. It contains the country’s energy tax profiles, followed by country-specific information to complement the general discussion in Taxing Energy Use 2018 (OECD, 2018).

A broken social elevator? Key findings for Brazil

This country note for Brazil provides detail on the proportion of CO2 emissions from energy use subject to different effective carbon rates (ECR), as well as on the level and components of average ECRs in each of the six economic sectors (road transport, off-road transport, industry, agriculture and fishing, residential & commercial, and electricity).

This country note explains how Brazil taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

Brazil's tax-to-GDP ratio in 2018 (33.1%) was above the LAC average (23.1%)¹ in this year's Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean publication by 10.0 percentage points and below the OECD average (34.3%).

This event explored the prospects of providing innovative, actionable information and advice to policymakers and other stakeholders, based on the results of contemporary research on complex dynamic systems.

OECD countries are intensifying their fiscal consolidation efforts, introducing additional measures and extending the time horizon to implement them. Most have announced fiscal consolidation of more than 3% of GDP over the period 2009-15, according to the OECD’s Restoring Public Finances 2012.

Restoring fiscal sustainability is a major challenge in Slovenia. Yet, the performance in terms of expenditure control is poor and public expenditure on social spending increased briskly during the crisis, significantly more than on average across the OECD.

Fiscal rules that constrain sub-central government (SCG) budgeting are very common across the OECD, but there are substantial cross-country differences in their implementation and impact. This paper presents the 2011 update of the fiscal rules database established in 2005.

Using panel data for OECD countries, this study investigates the extent to which changes in government spending on education, health and other areas influence long-term growth.

This paper estimates the elasticities of government revenue and expenditure items with respect to the output gap for European Union (EU) countries. These elasticities are used by the European Commission, as part of the EU fiscal surveillance process, to calculate the semi-elasticity of the budget balance as a percentage of GDP with respect to the output gap.

The world is experiencing a wave of urbanisation that has the potential to greatly benefit residents, countries and the planet at large. This report analyses the secrets of successful cities and the policies that contribute to their success.

This paper examines the various issues in defining and measuring debt, and explores other data which could be useful, both within and beyond the general government debt concept, to better track and analyse fiscal risks and sustainability issues.

Brazil has made significant progress in building a reputation for sound fiscal policy since it passed the Fiscal Responsibility Law in 2000. In recent years, however, the fiscal situation has become more difficult as public spending and gross debt have risen.

This paper re-estimates the elasticities of government revenue and expenditure items with respect to the output gap for OECD countries. These elasticities are used by the OECD to calculate cyclically adjusted fiscal balances. The study updates the earlier 2005 study using the most recent datasets and tax codes, the coverage being confined in this paper to 35 countries, the 34 OECD member states and Latvia.

This OECD Regulatory Policy Working Paper presents the methodology, key results and statistical analysis of the 2015 Indicators of Regulatory Policy and Governance (iREG) to complement the OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook 2015.

This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of welfare spending in a sample of OECD countries around 2012, focussing on health care, secondary education and general public services.

Despite having low government spending, Switzerland scores highly in various public policy outcomes, including health, education and transportation. But, as the population grows and ages, efficiency of public spending will have to rise to maintain low tax rates.

Blog article asks if our democratic processes are more responsive to the rich than they are to the poor and the middle class?

The effect of the size and mix of public spending on growth and inequality

This paper provides evidence on the effects of the size and the composition of public spending on long-term growth and inequality.

Women’s representation in parliaments remains a global issue. In 2016, women constituted 23% of parliamentarians over both upper and lower houses combined, with the Pacific, Arab States and Asia having the lowest representation (16.4%, 18.2%, and 19.2% respectively).

Indonesia's fiscal position is generally sound and policy making prudent. However, the country still faces important challenges in terms of economic and social development.

Tax reforms are crucial to promoting inclusive growth in India.

Business taxation in India is characterised by high effective tax rates, a narrow tax base, and an uncertain tax environment for potential investors.

In relation to GDP, India's public debt and interest payments are high compared with most other emerging economies and rating agencies have put India's sovereign debt at the lowest investment grade.

This compendium of good practices was prepared by the OECD at the request of the G20 Anti-corruption Working Group (ACWG), to raise awareness of the benefits of the digital transformation in the public sector, including governance, productivity, economic development and social innovation.

The OECD is working with Tunisia to develop a system of subnational indicators.

This OECD project on Linking indigenous communities with regional development aims to develop policy recommendations for OECD and partner countries to improve economic outcomes for indigenous communities by better linking them with regional development efforts.

This survey was presented at the Informal ministerial meeting on responsible business conduct held in Paris on 26 June 2014.

Investment treaties are often thought to be silent on investors’ responsibilities to host societies and on their contributions to sustainable development. This paper establishes a factual and statistical basis for understanding the relationship between investment treaty law and governments’ ability to advance the sustainable development agenda and promote responsible business conduct.

This book presents the findings of an OECD policy dialogue with Indian stakeholders on policies to improve the monitoring and prevention of abusive related party transactions in India.

This policy dialogue aims to deepen policy discussions between the OECD and key decision-makers in India. The first phase of the programme provides policy options on improving monitoring and prevention of abusive related party transactions.

Military Expenditure in Algeria decreased to 9459 USD Million in 2018 from 10073 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Algeria averaged 2838.20 USD Million from 1969 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 10637 USD Million in 2016 and a record low of 217 USD Million in 1972.

Consumer Spending in Algeria increased to 8568300 DZD Million in 2018 from 8034200 DZD Million in 2017. Consumer Spending in Algeria averaged 3714914.43 DZD Million from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 8568300 DZD Million in 2018 and a record low of 1103081.90 DZD Million in 1995. This page provides - Algeria Consumer Spending - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Government Spending in Algeria decreased to 527605.30 DZD Million in 2018 from 529164.90 DZD Million in 2017. Government Spending in Algeria averaged 366119.65 DZD Million from 1995 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 712707.40 DZD Million in 2015 and a record low of 85906.60 DZD Million in 1995. Government Spending refers to public expenditure on goods and services and is a major component of the GDP. Government spending policies like setting up budget targets, adjusting taxation, increasing public expenditure and public works are very effective tools in influencing economic growth. This page provides - Algeria Government Spending - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Personal Savings in India increased to 26099.21 INR Billion in 2016 from 25429.60 INR Billion in 2015. Personal Savings in India averaged 3811.44 INR Billion from 1951 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 26099.21 INR Billion in 2016 and a record low of 6.34 INR Billion in 1952. In India, Households Savings correspond to the total income saved by households during a certain period of time. This page provides - India Households Savings - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

India scored 41 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in India averaged 32.66 Points from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 41 Points in 2018 and a record low of 26.30 Points in 1996. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - India Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Burundi scored 19 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Burundi averaged 20.33 Points from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 25 Points in 2007 and a record low of 17 Points in 2018. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Burundi Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Military Expenditure in Gabon decreased to 240 USD Million in 2018 from 267 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Gabon averaged 124.87 USD Million from 1967 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 267 USD Million in 2017 and a record low of 12.60 USD Million in 1968.

Loans To Private Sector in Burundi increased to 1055.88 BIF Billion in June from 1024.95 BIF Billion in May of 2019. Loans To Private Sector in Burundi averaged 663.31 BIF Billion from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1055.88 BIF Billion in June of 2019 and a record low of 217.28 BIF Billion in February of 2008. This page provides the latest reported value for - Burundi Loans To Private Sector - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Burundi is the 165 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Burundi averaged 156.07 from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 172 in 2011 and a record low of 130 in 2006. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Burundi Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

India is the 80 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in India averaged 75.84 from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 95 in 2011 and a record low of 35 in 1995. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - India Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Wages High Skilled in India decreased to 43200 INR/Month in 2018 from 46200 INR/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in India averaged 45775 INR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 47300 INR/Month in 2016 and a record low of 43200 INR/Month in 2018. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Wages High Skilled in Burundi remained unchanged at 135200 BIF/Month in 2017 from 135200 BIF/Month in 2017. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys. This page provides - Burundi Wages High Skilled- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Military Expenditure in Afghanistan increased to 204 USD Million in 2018 from 191 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Afghanistan averaged 227.67 USD Million from 2004 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 296 USD Million in 2010 and a record low of 182 USD Million in 2005.

Electricity Production in Burundi decreased to 21.17 Gigawatt-hour in October from 21.33 Gigawatt-hour in September of 2019. Electricity Production in Burundi averaged 17.06 Gigawatt-hour from 2015 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 23.92 Gigawatt-hour in May of 2019 and a record low of 11.74 Gigawatt-hour in February of 2016. This page provides - Burundi Electricity Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.