“Life is full of alternatives but no choice.” G20 leaders at the summit in Brisbane, Australia, in November should reflect on these words by Australian writer Patrick White, a Nobel Laureate, as they prepare their economic strategies for the years to come.

Over the past couple of years the OECD has been working with countries to develop the Observatory of Public Sector Innovation, to help them make the most of innovation. The Observatory puts the experiences of innovators from across the world at everyone’s finger tips.

OECD blog article on the lobbying, written for the launch of the publication "Lobbyists, Government and Public Trust, Volume 3".

This report documents procurement regulations and practices in Mexico's main electricity company (Comisión Federal de Electricidad) and makes policy recommendations in key procurement areas.

Blog written for the OECD Integrity Forum 2015 on “Curbing Corruption – Investing in Growth”. The Forum will expose corruption in its myriad forms, in both the public and private sectors, as part of the OECD CleanGovBiz initiative, supporting governments, business and civil society to build integrity and fight corruption.

Blog article by Cobus de Swardt, Managing Director of Transparency International, written for the OECD Integrity Forum 2015.

When we think about water scarcity, we tend to focus on drinking water. But in terms of global usage, drinking water accounts for only 8% of water use, with 22% used by industry and 70% for farming and irrigation. Effective water governance must mediate across a broad set of actors and needs that cut across all economic sectors.

From oceans and vast rivers to the spring in the garden, we must safeguard our water as a source of well-being, prosperity and progress.

Blog: Anecdotal evidence suggests there are loads of grumpy old men and women around. A new, evidence-based report from the OECD offers some clues as to why this should be.

The recent riots in Baltimore following the death of Freddy Gray bring a tragic focus, once again, on inequality. Maryland’s largest city, Baltimore is a perfect laboratory to study it, thanks in part to the superb comparative statistics the city keeps. OECD Insights Blog.

OECD Insights Blog on the benefits to governments that pursue open government data initiatives.

Government at a Glance 2015, published on 6 July, offers a dashboard of key indicators to help analyze international comparisons of public sector performance. Given the timing of the release, it seems appropriate to focus on Greece to gain a balanced understanding of the country's challenges and strengths.

There are concrete steps that can be taken in achieving a culture of integrity. To achieve this, we work with countries to adopt a whole-of-society approach. That means all stakeholders, public, private and civil society, must work together to make it happen.

Many economically advanced countries are failing to fully enforce regulations on political party funding and campaign donations or are leaving loopholes that can be exploited by powerful private interest groups, according to a new OECD report.

Blog examining how corruption can have a negative impact on citizens health, and underlines the difficulties of controlling trade networks and examines how illicit trade continues to evolve.

Report identifies how cities can become more resilient so that they can absorb, recover and prepare for future shocks (economic, environmental, social & institutional).

Blog post on how Mexico's commitment to open data is helping to bring a broad range of innovative services to citizens.

OECD Insights blog on how new sources of urban data and urban scaling phenomenon can inform planners and urban developers.

To investigate how public finances could best be designed to promote long-run growth and address inequality, it is essential to have comprehensive, cross-country comparable data on government spending and revenues, along with structural and policy indicators.

Governments in Latin America will need to improve public sector management and capacity – including budget allocation – to compensate for the pressure on public finances from sliding commodity prices, according to a new report by the OECD and Inter-American Development Bank covering more than 15 countries in the region.

This publication reviews provisions covering related party transactions and the protection of minority shareholder rights in 31 countries. It includes in-depth reviews of Belgium, France, Italy, Israel and India.

This brochure describes the multiple domains where the OECD is engaged in fighting corruption and boosting integrity. It relates how the CleanGovBiz initiative is drawing together for the first time these anti-corruption tools under a single umbrella.

07/11/12 - the OECD and the International Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions concluded a Memorandum of Understanding to promote respect by multinational enterprises of the new human rights chapter of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and the UN Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights upon which the OECD Guidelines are based.

This paper examines shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties in light of comparative analysis of advanced systems of corporate law; considers the impact of allowing shareholder claims for reflective loss on key characteristics of the business corporation; and explores possible responses by different categories of investors to the availability of shareholder claims for reflective loss under investment treaties.

Is there a role for trade liberalisation and facilitation in zeroing in on corruption and supporting integrity in trade? Yes – and a greater one than you might think.

The truth is that human rights are not sustainable, or in some places even possible, in today’s networked society unless public and private actors take responsibility. Governments and corporations alike must commit to design, manage, and govern technologies in a manner that is consistent with international human rights standards.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is sometimes thought of as something esoteric, a shiny idea that may become real at some distant point in the future. But the reality is that although AI is developing globally at different rates, AI is already being integrated rapidly into the internal workings of governments, business, civil society, and more.

Exports of Semi Mfc Prds - Unwrought Alumi in Brazil decreased to 19 USD Million in April from 35.01 USD Million in March of 2020. Exports of Semi Mfc Prds - Unwrought Alumi in Brazil averaged 74.56 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 181.03 USD Million in August of 2006 and a record low of 0 USD Million in June of 2018. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Exports of : Semi Mfc Prds - Unwrought Alumi.

The benchmark interest rate in Croatia was last recorded at 2.50 percent. Interest Rate in Croatia averaged 80.62 percent from 1992 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4290.85 percent in September of 1993 and a record low of 2.50 percent in October of 2015. In Croatia, interest rate decisions are taken by the Croatian National Bank. The main interest rate is the Overnight Credit Rate. The Croatian National Bank administers benchmark interest rates for loans and discounts separately. This page provides the latest reported value for - Croatia Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

IP Addresses in Liechtenstein increased to 16781 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 16141 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Liechtenstein averaged 13668.46 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 16781 IP in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 9117 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for LiechtensteinIP Addresses.

Temperature in Liechtenstein decreased to 14.83 celsius in August from 16.66 celsius in July of 2013. Temperature in Liechtenstein averaged 4.64 celsius from 1743 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 18.44 celsius in August of 2003 and a record low of -12.01 celsius in February of 1956. This page includes a chart with historical data for Liechtenstein Temperature.

The Corporate Tax Rate in Liechtenstein stands at 12.50 percent. In Liechtenstein, the Corporate Income tax rate is a tax collected from companies. Its amount is based on the net income companies obtain while exercising their business activity, normally during one business year. The benchmark we use refers to the highest rate for Corporate Income. Revenues from the Corporate Tax Rate are an important source of income for the government of Liechtenstein. This page provides - Liechtenstein Corporate Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Liechtenstein was last recorded at 141200.40 US dollars in 2010. The GDP per Capita in Liechtenstein is equivalent to 1118 percent of the world's average. The GDP per capita is obtained by dividing the country’s gross domestic product, adjusted by inflation, by the total population. This page provides the latest reported value for - Liechtenstein GDP per capita - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Liechtenstein decreased to 1.70 percent in 2018 from 1.90 percent in 2017. Unemployment Rate in Liechtenstein averaged 2.44 percent from 2006 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3.20 percent in 2006 and a record low of 1.70 percent in 2018. This page provides - Liechtenstein Unemployment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Personal Income Tax Rate in Liechtenstein stands at 22.40 percent. Personal Income Tax Rate in Liechtenstein averaged 20.68 percent from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 24 percent in 2015 and a record low of 17.01 percent in 2008. In Liechtenstein, the Personal Income Tax Rate is a tax collected from individuals and is imposed on different sources of income like labor, pensions, interest and dividends. The benchmark we use refers to the Top Marginal Tax Rate for individuals. Revenues from the Personal Income Tax Rate are an important source of income for the government of Liechtenstein. This page provides - Liechtenstein Personal Income Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Liechtenstein recorded a trade surplus of 429 Million CHF in the fourth quarter of 2019. Balance of Trade in Liechtenstein averaged 356.13 Million CHF from 2009 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 448.27 Million CHF in the first quarter of 2018 and a record low of 244.86 Million CHF in the first quarter of 2009. Liechtenstein mainly exports machinery, metal by-products, vehicles, chemical products, beverages and processed food. Liechtenstein mainly imports machinery, metal by-products, chemical products, vehicles, furniture, wood and clothing. Liechtenstein’s main trading partners are Germany, Austria, the United States, Italy, China, Finland, the United Kingdom and Spain. This page provides - Liechtenstein Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports in Liechtenstein increased to 883 Million CHF in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 819 Million CHF in the third quarter of 2019. Exports in Liechtenstein averaged 827.84 Million CHF from 1972 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 947.95 Million CHF in the first quarter of 2018 and a record low of 297.34 Million CHF in the fourth quarter of 1972. Liechtenstein mainly exports machinery, metal by-products, vehicles, chemical products, beverages and processed food. Liechtenstein’s main exports partners are Germany, the United States, Austria, Finland, Italy, China, the United Kingdom, Spain and Sweden. This page provides - Liechtenstein Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Liechtenstein decreased to 454 Million CHF in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 460 Million CHF in the third quarter of 2019. Imports in Liechtenstein averaged 493.54 Million CHF from 1972 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 983.32 Million CHF in the fourth quarter of 1990 and a record low of 149.53 Million CHF in the fourth quarter of 1972. Liechtenstein mainly imports machinery, metal by-products, chemical products, vehicles, furniture, wood and clothing. Liechtenstein’s main imports partners are Germany, Austria, Italy, China, France, Poland and the Netherlands. This page provides - Liechtenstein Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The total population in Liechtenstein was estimated at 0.0 million people in 2019, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. Looking back, in the year of 1960, Liechtenstein had a population of 0.0 million people. The population of Liechtenstein represents less than 0.01 percent of the world´s total population which arguably means that one person in every 175439 people on the planet is a resident of Liechtenstein. This page provides - Liechtenstein Population - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Liechtenstein was worth 6.35 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Liechtenstein represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in Liechtenstein averaged 2.38 USD Billion from 1970 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 6.66 USD Billion in 2014 and a record low of 0.09 USD Billion in 1970. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Liechtenstein GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The inflation rate in Liechtenstein was recorded at -0.10 percent in February of 2020. Inflation Rate in Liechtenstein averaged 1.30 percent from 1983 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6.53 percent in June of 1991 and a record low of -1.40 percent in August of 2015. In Liechtenstein, the most important category in the consumer price index is Housing and Utilities (24.7 percent of total weight). Health accounts for 15.6 percent; Transport for 10.9 percent; Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages for 10.3 percent; Restaurants and Hotels for 9.1 percent and Recreation and Culture for 9 percent. Miscellaneous Goods and Services; Furniture, Household Goods and Maintenance; Clothing and Footwear; Communication; Alcoholic beverages and Tobacco and Education account for the remaining 20.4 percent of total weight. . This page provides - Liechtenstein Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Liechtenstein expanded 4.20 percent in 2018 from the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Liechtenstein averaged 3.41 percent from 1971 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 10.41 percent in 1999 and a record low of -10.90 percent in 2009. The Principality of Liechtenstein is a small landlocked country in Western Europe known for its low tax system and high level of GDP per capita. The country is closely linked to Switzerland, sharing open borders and even a currency. Liechtenstein also has access to the European Union common market. Most people in Liechtenstein work in the services sector (around 55 percent of GDP), closely followed by the industrial and manufacturing sector (around 37 percent). In the services sector, it is largely Liechtenstein's banks and trusts that have helped the country to achieve a high standard of living. When it comes to manufacturing and industry, Liechtenstein specializes in high-tech products in the fields of machine building and food products. This page provides - Liechtenstein GDP Annual Growth Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Liechtenstein stands at AAA with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Liechtenstein thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Liechtenstein as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Liechtenstein recorded 82 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Liechtenstein reported 1 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Liechtenstein Coronavirus Cases.

Liechtenstein recorded 1 Coronavirus Deaths since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Liechtenstein reported 82 Coronavirus Cases. This page includes a chart with historical data for Liechtenstein Coronavirus Deaths.

Liechtenstein recorded 55 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Liechtenstein reported 1 Coronavirus Deaths. This page includes a chart with historical data for Liechtenstein Coronavirus Recovered.

Car Registrations in Liechtenstein increased to 102 in February from 100 in January of 2020. Car Registrations in Liechtenstein averaged 306.73 from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2138 in December of 2000 and a record low of 100 in January of 2020. This page provides the latest reported value for - Liechtenstein Car Registrations - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Asylum Applications in Liechtenstein decreased to 0 persons in December from 5 persons in November of 2019. Asylum Applications in Liechtenstein averaged 8.75 persons from 2016 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 25 persons in January of 2017 and a record low of 0 persons in January of 2016. Asylum Application in this page refers to first time asylum applicants. Data is supplied to Trading Economics by the Eurostat, National Ministries of Interior and other official agencies. This page provides - Liechtenstein Asylum Applications- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Tourist Arrivals in Portugal increased to 2531814 in February from 2172085 in January of 2020. Tourist Arrivals in Portugal averaged 1525080.68 from 1964 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6148883 in August of 2019 and a record low of 88000 in December of 1964. In Portugal, tourism and all travel-related revenues account for about 10 percent of the country's gross domestic product. The tourism sector is also a key source of employment and big component of exports of services. This page provides - Portugal Tourist Arrivals- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Retirement Age Men in Liechtenstein remained unchanged at 64 in 2018 from 64 in 2017. This page provides - Liechtenstein Retirement Age Men - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.