This publication highlights new evidence on policies to support job creation, bringing together the latest research on labour market, entrepreneurship and local economic development policy to help governments support job creation in the recovery. It also includes a set of country pages featuring, among other things, new data on skills supply and demand at the level of smaller OECD regions (TL3).

This country note provides information on latest trends in income inequalities as well as key findings from the 2015 OECD report "In it Together: Why less inequality benefits all".

Biographical note of Australia's Permanent Representative to the OECD.

In a boost for international efforts to strengthen co-operation against offshore tax evasion, seven new countries have joined the agreement to exchange information automatically under the OECD/G20 standard.

Australia should improve the integration of care across the patient pathway to prepare for a rise in chronic disease and make the health system less complex for patients, according to a new OECD report.

The OECD welcomes Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s announcement at COP21 that Australia intends to ratify the Kyoto Protocol’s second commitment period, which sets mitigation targets and reporting requirements for 2013-2020.

The recent mental health reform is an important step towards better services for people with mental ill-health, but Australia needs to do more to help people with mild to moderate mental health issues at and into work, according to a new OECD report.

In 2012, 20% of students in Australia were low performers in mathematics (OECD average: 23%), 14% were low performers in reading (OECD average: 18%), 14% were low performers in science (OECD average: 18%), and 9% were low performers in all three of these subjects (OECD average: 12%)

Australia should provide early access to more intensive employment services for disadvantaged laid-off workers to help them find a new job more quickly, according to a new OECD report.

This country note provides an environmental tax and carbon pricing profile for Australia. It shows environmentally related tax revenues, taxes on energy use and effective carbon rates.

Australia’s strong economy has helped drive a healthy job market. But to avoid a future shortage of labour as the population ages, further efforts are needed to help older women, indigenous Australians and mothers with young children into work, according to a new OECD report.

The Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes (the Global Forum) published today the first 10 outcomes of a new and enhanced peer review process aimed at assessing compliance with international standards for the exchange of information on request between tax authorities.

Selected findings for Australia from the report "The Pursuit of Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle"

Selected findings for Australia from the report "Preventing Ageing Unequally"

This note presents selected country highlights from the OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2017 with a specific focus on digital trends among all themes covered.

Key findings for Australia from the report "Pensions at a Glance 2017"

Australia has stepped up its enforcement of foreign bribery since 2012, when the OECD Working Group on Bribery last evaluated Australia’s implementation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, with seven convictions in two cases and 19 ongoing investigations.

Australia’s active global engagement on development and its focus on fragile small island states and disaster risk reduction are commendable. However successive cuts to the country’s aid budget since 2013 are impairing its efforts, according to the latest DAC Peer Review of Australia.

The Co-operative Research Programme (CRP)'s Call for Applications for conference sponsorship and research fellowships for funding in 2019 is now CLOSED. The CRP supports work on sustainable use of natural resources in agriculture, forests, fisheries and food production.

A Broken Social Elevator? Key findings for Australia

The Australian standard GST rate is 10.0%, which is below the OECD average. The average VAT/GST¹ standard rate in the OECD was 19.3% as of 1 January 2019. Australia has an extensive list of goods and services that are GST-free. GST was introduced in Australia in 2000 at a standard rate of 10.0% and has remained at this rate throughout.

Australia has made some progress replacing coal with natural gas and renewables in electricity generation yet remains one of the most carbon-intensive OECD countries and one of the few where greenhouse gas emissions (excluding land use and forestry) have risen in the past decade. The country will fall short of its 2030 emissions target without a major effort to move to a low-carbon model, according to a new OECD report.

About 36% of Australian jobs face a significant or high risk of automation. While this is less than the OECD average (46%), it means that a sizeable share of adults will need to upskill or retrain to meet the needs of future jobs.

The most attractive OECD countries for highly qualified potential immigrants are Australia, Sweden, Switzerland, New Zealand and Canada, in part because of favourable admission and stay conditions.

Australia's tax-to-GDP ratio was 27.8% in 2016* (latest available data), below the OECD average (34.2%) by 6.4 percentage points, and above the LAC and Africa (21)* averages (22.8% and 18.2%, respectively).

Australia has one of the highest rates of obesity: nearly one in three adults are obese. As a result, Australians live on average 2.7 years less due to overweight. The impact on the economy is large: overweight accounts for 8.6% of health expenditure; and lowers labour market outputs by the equivalent of 371 thousand full time workers per year. Combined, this means that overweight reduces Australia’s GDP by 3.1%.

This country note explains how Australia taxes energy use. The note shows the distribution of effective energy tax rates across all domestic energy use. It also details the country-specific assumptions made when calculating effective energy tax rates and matching tax rates to the corresponding energy base.

Government at a Glance provides a dashboard of key indicators to help you analyse international comparisons of public sector performance.

Key findings for Australia from the report "Pensions at a Glance 2019"

The tax-to-GDP ratio in Australia increased by 0.9 percentage points from 27.6% in 2016 to 28.5% in 2017 (latest year available). The corresponding figures for the OECD average were a decrease of 0.2 percentage points from 34.4% to 34.2% over the same period.

Unemployment Rate in India increased to 7.80 percent in February from 7.20 percent in January of 2020. Unemployment Rate in India averaged 7.34 percent from 2018 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8.20 percent in August of 2019 and a record low of 6.70 percent in November of 2018. In India, the unemployment rate is estimated by directly interviewing a large sample of randomly selected households. Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Consumer Pyramids panel of households includes over 174,405 households including over 522,000 members who are over 15 years old. This page provides - India Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Angola increased to 31.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 30.10 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Unemployment Rate in Angola averaged 26.68 percent from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 35 percent in the fourth quarter of 2005 and a record low of 19.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016. In Angola, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Angola Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Turkey increased to 13.80 percent in January from 13.70 percent in December of 2019. Unemployment Rate in Turkey averaged 10.38 percent from 2005 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 14.80 percent in February of 2009 and a record low of 7.30 percent in June of 2012. In Turkey, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Australia increased to 5.20 percent in March from 5.10 percent in February of 2020. Unemployment Rate in Australia averaged 6.80 percent from 1978 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 11.20 percent in December of 1992 and a record low of 4 percent in February of 2008. In Australia, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Australia Unemployment Rate at 5.8% in December - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Netherlands remained unchanged at 2.90 percent in March from 2.90 percent in February of 2020. Unemployment Rate in Netherlands averaged 5.21 percent from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 7.90 percent in February of 2014 and a record low of 2.90 percent in February of 2020. In Netherlands, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Netherlands Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in South Korea increased to 3.80 percent in March from 3.30 percent in February of 2020. Unemployment Rate in South Korea averaged 3.65 percent from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 7.10 percent in June of 1999 and a record low of 3 percent in September of 2002. In South Korea, the seasonally adjusted unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - South Korea Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in the United Kingdom increased to 4 percent in February from 3.90 percent in January of 2020. Unemployment Rate in the United Kingdom averaged 6.93 percent from 1971 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12 percent in February of 1984 and a record low of 3.40 percent in November of 1973. In the United Kingdom, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Mexico decreased to 2.90 percent in March from 3.60 percent in February of 2020. Unemployment Rate in Mexico averaged 3.74 percent from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6.42 percent in September of 2009 and a record low of 2.22 percent in March of 1997. In Mexico, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides the latest reported value for - Mexico Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Japan increased to 2.50 percent in March from 2.40 percent in February of 2020. Unemployment Rate in Japan averaged 2.72 percent from 1953 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5.50 percent in June of 2002 and a record low of 1 percent in November of 1968. In Japan, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides the latest reported value for - Japan Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Faroe Islands increased to 1.10 percent in February from 1 percent in January of 2020. Unemployment Rate in Faroe Islands averaged 4.28 percent from 1995 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 14.30 percent in May of 1995 and a record low of 1 percent in September of 2019. This page provides - Faroe Islands Unemployment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Portugal remained unchanged at 6.70 percent in the first quarter of 2020 from 6.70 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019. Unemployment Rate in Portugal averaged 7.76 percent from 1983 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 17.50 percent in the first quarter of 2013 and a record low of 3.70 percent in the second quarter of 2000. In Portugal, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Portugal Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in the United States increased to 14.70 percent in April from 4.40 percent in March of 2020. Unemployment Rate in the United States averaged 5.74 percent from 1948 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 14.70 percent in April of 2020 and a record low of 2.50 percent in May of 1953. In the United States, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides the latest reported value for - United States Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Unemployment Rate in Canada increased to 13 percent in April from 7.80 percent in March of 2020. Unemployment Rate in Canada averaged 7.61 percent from 1966 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 13.10 percent in December of 1982 and a record low of 2.90 percent in June of 1966. In Canada, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Canada Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Ukraine scored 56.99 points out of 100 on the 2018 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Index in Ukraine averaged 16.02 Points from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 57.03 Points in 2018 and a record low of 3.90 Points in 2011. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. The report is made up of 98 variables, from a combination of data from international organizations as well as from the World Economic Forum’s Executive Opinion Survey. The variables are organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. The GCI varies between 1 and 100, higher average score means higher degree of competitiveness. With the 2018 edition, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology, aiming to integrate the notion of the 4th Industrial Revolution into the definition of competitiveness. It emphasizes the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ukraine Competitiveness Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Ukraine is the 85 most competitive nation in the world out of 140 countries ranked in the 2018 edition of the Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. Competitiveness Rank in Ukraine averaged 79.69 from 2007 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 89 in 2011 and a record low of 69 in 2007. The most recent 2018 edition of Global Competitiveness Report assesses 140 economies. In 2018, the World Economic Forum introduced a new methodology emphasizing the role of human capital, innovation, resilience and agility, as not only drivers but also defining features of economic success in the 4th Industrial Revolution. As a result, the GCI scale changed to 1 to 100 from 1 to 7, with higher average score meaning higher degree of competitiveness. The report is made up of 98 variables organized into twelve pillars with the most important including: institutions; infrastructure; ICT adoption; macroeconomic stability; health; skills; product market; labour market; financial system; market size; business dynamism; and innovation capability. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ukraine Competitiveness Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Ukraine recorded a Current Account deficit of 3.60 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Current Account to GDP in Ukraine averaged -1.08 percent from 1992 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 10.60 percent in 2004 and a record low of -8.70 percent in 2013. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Ukraine Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Ukraine increased to 8.70 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 7.30 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Unemployment Rate in Ukraine averaged 8.55 percent from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 10.60 percent in the fourth quarter of 2014 and a record low of 6.30 percent in the third quarter of 2013. In Ukraine, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ukraine Unemployment Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Employment Rate in Ukraine decreased to 67.60 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 69 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Employment Rate in Ukraine averaged 65.75 percent from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 69 percent in the third quarter of 2019 and a record low of 63.30 percent in the first quarter of 2017. In Ukraine, the employment rate measures the number of people who have a job as a percentage of the working age population. This page provides - Ukraine Employment Rate- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Ukraine recorded a government budget surplus of 32732.72 UAH Million in March of 2020. Government Budget Value in Ukraine averaged -3534.40 UAH Million from 2002 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 78049.51 UAH Million in December of 2019 and a record low of -72030.46 UAH Million in December of 2014. The government budget balance is the difference between government revenues and expenses. The budget is balanced when outlays equal to receipts, the country reports budget surplus when revenues are higher than expenses and deficit when expenses exceed the revenues. This page provides - Ukraine Government Budget Value - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Phase 3 Report on Japan by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Japan'simplementation and application of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related instruments.