This book deals with two issues. The first concerns the various measurement of fiscal decentralization in general and their usefulness for policy analysis. The second and more specific issue concerns the taxonomy of intergovernmental grants and the limits of the current classifications.

OECD Task Force on Charting Illicit Trade

With gross government debt surpassing 200% of GDP, Japan’s fiscal situation is in uncharted territory. In addition to robust nominal GDP growth, correcting two decades of budget deficits requires a large and sustained fiscal consolidation based on a detailed and credible multi-year plan that includes measures to control spending and raise revenue.

Restoring fiscal sustainability is a major challenge in Slovenia. Yet, the performance in terms of expenditure control is poor and public expenditure on social spending increased briskly during the crisis, significantly more than on average across the OECD.

Italy’s policy of fiscal consolidation and growth-friendly structural reforms has substantially improved its economic prospects, but the adverse sentiment that the country has faced in the sovereign bond market over the past years has deep roots.

This workshop served to discuss how benchmarking and measuring regulatory performance can help advance a regulatory policy at the sub-national level.

Public trust is the cornerstone of effective governance, the main ingredient to promote economic growth and social progress. Like never before, our citizens have doubts about their government’s capacities to make the right decisions. Therefore, we need to take the necessary measures to recover that confidence, said OECD Secretary-General.

Good public policies are central to well-functioning economies. Better policies on innovation, combined with high-quality regulations and a more efficient public administration, can help Colombia create jobs, boost economic growth and support development, according to three new OECD reports.

This Forum took stock of the key challenges and trends in regulating money in politics; identify emerging risks and opportunities; shape a common understanding of the policy options ahead and trade-offs in enhancing fairness, integrity and transparency in decision making including in the realm of political finance; and mobilise partners to work together and promote synergies in the future agenda.

The economic crisis has hit certain regions and cities harder than others in the OECD area, calling for better regional policies across levels of governments to foster an inclusive and sustainable recovery, according to two new OECD reports.

Strengthening OECD firewalls can only do so much to combat a phenomenon which thrives on weak governance. This report highlights that donor agencies can support this goal through their central role in linking OECD and developing countries, and using their aid to support governments willing to tackle these issues.

This is the spring 2014 edition of the regional development policy newsletter.

Workshop held in The Hague on 17-18 June 2014 to evaluate stakeholder engagement in regulatory policy

Knowledge sharing is critical in fostering urban green growth. Cities in dynamic Asia urgently need to adopt and strengthen green growth models that take into account rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, and motorisation.

Colombia has engaged in a sustained process of fiscal decentralisation over the past decades. Evidence is presented that the current framework is conducive to fiscal sustainability, especially after the reforms in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Newsletter for OECD Regional Development Policy giving an overview of projects from January-June 2015.

Chile has improved its regulatory policy in recent years, but could see benefits from further measures and a comprehensive effort to improve the way it prepares and issues new laws and regulations, according to a new OECD report.

Through measurement, reviews, the identification of good practices and policy dialogue, the OECD seeks to better understand, track and help to improve access to justice.

OECD will measure the impact of digitalising the Mexican Social Security Institute formalities and guide future efforts on simplification

Malaysia has followed a comparatively equitable development path, largely eliminating absolute poverty and greatly reduced ethnic inequality.

Malaysia has followed a comparatively equitable development path, largely eliminating absolute poverty and greatly reduced ethnic inequality.

It is hardly surprising that rising inequality has translated into growing political disaffection, anti-market sentiment and disenchantment with globalisation. In such a context, we desperately need to take action to promote inclusive growth and restore public confidence in the power of policymakers to improve people’s lives.

Slovenia is facing the legacy of a boom-bust cycle that has been compounded by weak corporate governance of state-owned banks. The levels of non-performing loans and capital adequacy ratios compare poorly in international perspective and may deteriorate further, which could require significant bank recapitalisation.

This brochure explains the major changes introduced in the OECD’s 4th Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), which saw widespread implementation in 2014, and assesses the impact on FDI statistics.

7-8 June 2016: This meeting of the Global Knowledge Sharing Network on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises provides an opportunity for policy makers from around the world to discuss priorities for SOE reform and to support implementation through knowledge sharing.

From introducing equal inheritance rights in 1878, Finland continues to earn it's reputation as a global pioneer of gender equality.

Exports of Wearing Apparel in Germany decreased to 1707822 EUR THO in February from 1911655 EUR THO in January of 2020. Exports of Wearing Apparel in Germany averaged 1040179.84 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2116911 EUR THO in September of 2019 and a record low of 391696 EUR THO in December of 2001. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Exports of Wearing Apparel.

Gdp From Manufacturing in Afghanistan increased to 51872 AFN Million in 2017 from 51524 AFN Million in 2016. Gdp From Manufacturing in Afghanistan averaged 44620.01 AFN Million from 2002 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 51872 AFN Million in 2017 and a record low of 34286.60 AFN Million in 2002. This page provides - Afghanistan Gdp From Manufacturing- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in New Zealand increased 1.50 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter in the previous year. Industrial Production in New Zealand averaged 1.47 percent from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 17.60 percent in the second quarter of 1995 and a record low of -10.50 percent in the second quarter of 2009. In New Zealand, manufacturing sales refer to the year-on-year change in the volume of sales in the manufacturing sector of the economy. The survey includes 13 industries: meat and dairy product; seafood processing; fruit, oil, cereal, and other food; beverages and tobacco; textile, leather, clothing, and footwear; wood and paper products; printing; petroleum and coal product; chemical, polymer, and rubber products; non-metallic mineral products; metal products; transport equipment, machinery, and equipment; and furniture. This page provides - New Zealand Manufacturing Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in Morocco increased 2.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter in the previous year. Industrial Production in Morocco averaged 2.89 percent from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 9.40 percent in the first quarter of 2000 and a record low of -4.40 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008. In Morocco, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in the manufacturing sector of the economy. This page provides - Morocco Industrial Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in Uruguay decreased 1.30 percent in February of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Industrial Production in Uruguay averaged 4.65 percent from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 57.25 percent in October of 2003 and a record low of -31.14 percent in January of 2003. In Uruguay, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in the manufacturing sector of the economy. This page provides - Uruguay Industrial Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in South Africa decreased 2 percent in January of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Industrial Production in South Africa averaged 0.91 percent from 1974 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 18.50 percent in May of 1995 and a record low of -23.20 percent in April of 2009. In South Africa, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in the manufacturing sector of the economy. This page provides - South Africa Industrial Production - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Production in South Africa increased 2.50 percent in January of 2020 over the previous month. Industrial Production Mom in South Africa averaged 0.10 percent from 1990 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9.10 percent in April of 1991 and a record low of -8.70 percent in August of 1992. In South Africa, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in the manufacturing sector of the economy. This page provides - South Africa Industrial Production MoM - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Business Confidence in China decreased to 50.80 points in April from 52 points in March of 2020. Business Confidence in China averaged 51.67 points from 2005 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 59.20 points in April of 2008 and a record low of 35.70 points in February of 2020. In China, the NBS Manufacturing Purchasing Manager Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of more large-scale, state-owned companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. . This page provides - China Business Confidence - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Russia decreased to 31.30 points in April from 47.50 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Russia averaged 50.11 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 54.70 points in January of 2017 and a record low of 31.30 points in April of 2020. The IHS Markit Russia Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 300 manufacturing companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Russia Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in China decreased to 49.40 points in April from 50.10 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in China averaged 49.85 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 52.30 points in January of 2013 and a record low of 40.30 points in February of 2020. In China, the Caixin Manufacturing PMI Purchasing Managers' Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of private 430 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - China Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Australia decreased to 35.80 points in April from 53.70 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Australia averaged 50.69 points from 1992 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 62.50 points in March of 2018 and a record low of 29.47 points in February of 2009. Ai Group Manufacturing PMI Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 200 industrial companies. It is composite index based on the diffusion indices for production, new orders, deliveries, inventories and employment with varying weights. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in the United Kingdom decreased to 32.60 points in April from 47.80 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in the United Kingdom averaged 51.75 points from 2008 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 61.50 points in January of 2011 and a record low of 32.60 points in April of 2020. Markit/CIPS UK Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 600 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Japan decreased to 41.90 points in April from 44.80 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Japan averaged 50.12 points from 2008 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 56.20 points in January of 2014 and a record low of 29.60 points in February of 2009. The Jibun Bank Japan Manufacturing PMI® is compiled by IHS Markit from responses to monthly questionnaires sent to purchasing managers in a panel of around 400 manufacturers. The panel is stratified by detailed sector and company workforce size, based on contributions to GDP. Survey responses indicate the direction of change compared to the previous month. A diffusion index is calculated for each survey variable. The index is the sum of the percentage of ‘higher’ responses and half the percentage of ‘unchanged’ responses. The indices vary between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease. The PMI is a weighted average of the following five indices: New Orders (30%), Output (25%), Employment (20%), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15%) and Stocks of Purchases (10%). For the PMI calculation the Suppliers’ Delivery Times Index is inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction to the other indices. This page provides the latest reported value for - Japan Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Ireland decreased to 36 points in April from 45.10 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Ireland averaged 53.19 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 59.10 points in December of 2017 and a record low of 36 points in April of 2020. The AIB Ireland Manufacturing PMI Ireland measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 258 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ireland Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Canada decreased to 33 points in April from 46.10 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Canada averaged 52.38 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 57.10 points in June of 2018 and a record low of 33 points in April of 2020. The IHS Markit Canada Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index™ measures the performance of the manufacturing sector. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Canada Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in the United States decreased to 36.10 points in April from 48.50 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in the United States averaged 53.34 points from 2012 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 57.90 points in August of 2014 and a record low of 36.10 points in April of 2020. In the United States, the Markit Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 600 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - United States Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing Pmi in Myanmar decreased to 29 points in April from 45.30 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing Pmi in Myanmar averaged 50.55 points from 2016 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 55.50 points in April of 2018 and a record low of 29 points in April of 2020. The IHS Markit Myanmar Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 450 manufacturing companies. The Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides - Myanmar Manufacturing Pmi- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Czech Republic decreased to 35.10 points in April from 41.30 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Czech Republic averaged 52.41 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 59.80 points in December of 2017 and a record low of 35.10 points in April of 2020. In Czech Republic, the Markit Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 250 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Czech Republic Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Poland decreased to 31.90 points in April from 42.40 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Poland averaged 51.04 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 55.90 points in February of 2014 and a record low of 31.90 points in April of 2020. The Markit Poland Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 200 manufacturing companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Poland Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Germany decreased to 34.50 points in April from 45.40 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Germany averaged 51.40 points from 2008 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 63.30 points in December of 2017 and a record low of 32 points in January of 2009. The Markit/BME Germany Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 500 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Germany Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in France decreased to 31.50 points in April from 43.20 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in France averaged 49.86 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 58.80 points in December of 2017 and a record low of 31.50 points in April of 2020. In France, the Markit Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 400 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - France Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Turkey decreased to 33.40 points in April from 48.10 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Turkey averaged 50.05 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 55.70 points in January of 2018 and a record low of 33.40 points in April of 2020. The Istanbul Chamber of Industry Turkey PMI Manufacturing Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 400 manufacturing companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Turkey Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Greece decreased to 29.50 points in April from 42.50 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Greece averaged 48.27 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 56.60 points in April of 2019 and a record low of 29.50 points in April of 2020. The Markit Greece Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 350 industrial companies. The Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Greece Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Manufacturing PMI in South Africa decreased to 46.10 points in April from 48.10 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in South Africa averaged 50.75 points from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 57.89 points in March of 2007 and a record low of 38.38 points in April of 2009. The Absa Manufacturing PMI is a monthly survey of purchasing managers in South Africa's manufacturing sector. The index provides leading indications of business conditions in the sector. A reading above 50 percent indicates that the manufacturing economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is generally declining. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.