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Park Rangers Respond to Report of Potential Suicide at Grand Canyon

At approximately 9 am on Thursday, December 1, the Grand Canyon Regional Communications Center received a call alerting rangers to a potentially suicidal individual at Grand Canyon National Park. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/potential-suicide-grand-canyon.htm




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Park Rangers Investigate Possible Suicide at Grand Canyon

At approximately 12:30 am on December 12, the Grand Canyon Regional Communications Center received a call alerting rangers to an overdue individual at Grand Canyon National Park. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/possible-suicide-twin-overlooks.htm




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Rangers Respond to Single Vehicle Accident in Grand Canyon National Park

At approximately noon on Sunday, May 21, the Grand Canyon Regional Communications Center received a call about a single car accident on Center Road in Grand Canyon Village. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/motor-vehicle-accident.htm




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Ranger Involved Incident Under Investigation at Grand Canyon National Park

At approximately 1:00 am this morning, October 11, an officer involved shooting occurred on the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. The suspect is in custody at this time. The National Park Service (NPS) does not believe there to be any ongoing safety concerns for the public. The park remains open and all visitor services are available. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/ranger-involved-incident-under-investigation-at-grand-canyon-national-park.htm




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Grand Canyon Railway to Apply Herbicide within Grand Canyon National Park

On April 3, 2019, Grand Canyon Railway, in consultation with the National Park Service (NPS), will be applying herbicide along the railroad tracks including those within Grand Canyon National Park. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/grand-canyon-railway-herbicide.htm




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Grand Canyon National Park to Apply Herbicide Along Colorado River Corridor

From April 15 to 30, 2019 the Grand Canyon National Park Division of Science and Resource Management (SRM) will be applying cut-stump and occasional spot spray treatments of herbicide to invasive plants along the banks of the Colorado River to aid in the control of several invasive plant species for which mechanical removal is ineffective. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/grca-apply-herbicide-along-co-river-2019.htm




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Grand Canyon National Park Resource Management Staff to Apply Herbicide to Invasive Plants in Developed Areas of North Rim

From Tuesday, May 16 to Wednesday, May 17 the Grand Canyon National Park Division of Science and Resource Management (SRM) will apply minor spot spray treatments of herbicide around the Grand Canyon Lodge and campground in the North Rim Developed Area to aid in the control of an especially invasive grass species for which mechanical removal is ineffective. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/grca-apply-herbicide-on-nr-2019.htm




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National Park Service to Use Herbicide on South Entrance and Yavapai Road Traffic Islands to Reduce Elk Attractants

On Tuesday, June 4 and Wednesday, June 5 staff from the Division of Science and Resource Management (SRM) will be applying herbicide to the traffic islands on South Entrance and Yavapai Roads to remove grasses that attract elk in these congested areas of the Grand Canyon Village. The intent of the removal is to minimize conflicts between wildlife (elk) and both visitors and residents along the road corridors. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/south-entrance-and-yavapai-herbicide-use.htm




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Incident Objectives Being Met On the Ikes Fire

The lightning caused Ikes Fire has burned through approximately 3,500 acres of the pre-determined 7,785 acre planning area. Currently, there are 88 resources assigned to the Ikes Fire. Yesterday, gusty winds prevented firefighters from carrying out firing operations. Crews patrolled the perimeter on the northeast and eastern portion of the fire while other personnel continued to prep the west side of the Forest Service Road 223. Observed fire behavior was active with backing fire along ridge tops and single tree torching. https://www.nps.gov/grca/learn/news/incident-objectives-being-met-on-ikes-fire-20190817.htm




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Record $19.7 million for suicide prevention and expanded mental health services




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Working towards zero suicides in NSW




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Relations of native and exotic species 5 years after clearcutting with and without herbicide and logging debris treatments

To increase timber production and manage other forest resource values, some land managers have undertaken logging debris and vegetation control treatments after forest harvest. We explored the roles of clearcutting on plant community composition and structure at three sites where logging debris was dispersed, piled, or removed and vegetation was annually treated or not treated with herbicides for 5 years. Without vegetation control, a competitive relation was identified between exotic and native ruderal (i.e., disturbance-associated) species. When exotic ruderal cover changed by 4 percent, native ruderal cover changed by 10 percent in the opposite direction. This relation was independent of site, but site was important in determining the overall dominance of ruderals. Five annual vegetation control treatments increased Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) growth, but decreased richness and cover of other species at the rate of one species per 10 percent reduction in cover. Debris treatment effects were small and found on only one site.




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Guía provisional emitida sobre la atención del accidente cerebrovascular durante la pandemia de COVID-19

DALLAS, 2 de abril del 2020 – El cuerpo directivo del Consejo de accidentes cerebrovasculares de la American Heart Association/American Stroke Association publicó la “Guía temporal de emergencia para los Centros de Accidentes Cerebrovasculares de...




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Alerta de medios de la AHA: El COVID-19 genera preguntas sobre un mayor riesgo para las personas con ECV y los sobrevivientes de accidentes cerebrovasculares

Sala de prensa sobre el COVID-19 de la AHA DALLAS, 3 de abril del 2020 – El COVID-19 está generando preguntas y preocupaciones generalizadas sobre el mayor riesgo que implica para aquellos con cardiopatías y sobrevivientes de accidentes...




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Concussion in American Versus European Professional Soccer: A Decade-Long Comparative Analysis of Incidence, Return to Play, Performance, and Longevity

A study to comparatively examine the effects of sports-related concussions (SRC) on athletes in Major League Soccer (MLS) and the English Premier League (EPL) in terms of incidence, return to play (RTP), performance, and career longevity.




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Effect of a New Rule Limiting Full Contact Practice on the Incidence of Sport-Related Concussion in High School Football Players

A study to determine if the sport-related concussion (SRC) rate is lower after a rule change that limited the amount and duration of full-contact activities during high school football practice sessions.




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Have hope: Suicide in times of crisis

“It is hopelessness even more than pain that crushes the soul.”

-William Styron.

In my 35 years on earth I’ve heard the term “unprecedented” used only a handful of times to describe global events. I don’t know about you, but as I write this tucked away in my basement where I’ve been working from for the last two months, I’m pretty darn sick of the word “unprecedented.”

All of us are now experiencing the culmination of a global pandemic, a painful economic reality and the challenge of stay at home orders.

Social connectedness is one of the most important aspects of the human condition. During times of crisis we come together, not apart. Time spent with friends and family is immensely important to our well-being, heck, even time spent with co-workers has its benefits. Physical proximity to our supports matters, it matters a lot.

For those of us with a history of mental health struggles (and without), this “unprecedented” crisis has presented unique challenges to our well-being: uncertainty, fear, and a sense of hopelessness. The daily loss of life, the 24-hour news cycle with its constant focus on the pandemic, and a massive economic crisis. Good news is hard to come by.

The psychologist and suicidologist Edwin Schneidman coined the term “psychological pain” to describe “how much you hurt as a human. It is mental suffering; mental torment.”

All of us hurt right now.

During times of stress, it is not uncommon to experience thoughts of suicide.

The vast majority of individuals who experience suicidal thoughts or behaviors go on to live healthy and full lives. During this time where many of us have already felt financial impacts or experienced increased depression, the possibility of experiencing suicidal ideation or behavior increases.

Support is available, help is out there.

1. Call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (1-800-273-8255) to immediately speak with a counselor (24/7/365). If you are thinking about suicide, are worried about someone else, or would like emotional support, the Lifeline network is available.

2. Mobile Crisis Outreach: If you live in Eastern Iowa you can call the Iowa Helpline (855-581-8111) to receive free telehealth services from a mobile crisis counselor. Counselors will connect with you via telehealth to provide screening, immediate intervention and guidance.

There are several warning signs that can help you determine if you or a loved one is at risk for suicide. These include:

• Talking about wanting to die or to kill themselves

• Looking for a way to kill themselves, like purchasing a firearm

• Talking about feeling hopeless or having no reason to live

• Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain

• Talking about being a burden to others

3. Social distancing does not mean social isolation. While we can’t be physically with many of our friends and family, we should still make an effort to connect with them. If there is someone you’ve worried about in the past, a friend or family member with a history of depression, now is an important time to reach out and see how they are doing.

4. Take care of what you can. I’ve noticed with many of the clients I work with (and myself) that as social distancing and stay at home orders have been in place for nearly two months now, sleep habits and routines have started to change. I find myself staying up later and sleeping in later. Sleep and mental health go hand in hand. It’s hard to feel good when we are not sleeping, or if our sleep cycles are significantly disrupted. Depression can drive us to want to sleep away the days. This is something to be avoided and tends to compound our feelings of loneliness.

5. Connect with your mental health providers. Connecting with a mental health provider remains an important component of support. Let your provider know that you’ve had thoughts of suicide so you can work collaboratively on treatment and support.

6. Know that you matter. Individuals who experience thoughts of suicide and/or depression will often report that they feel or think their lives don’t matter. As Kevin Hines, the motivational speaker and suicide prevention advocate says “You matter to people you haven’t even met yet.” Treatment for suicide ideation and behavior is very effective. You are worth it. The vast majority of people who experience suicide ideation go on to live healthy and fulfilling lives.

“Look well into thyself; there is a source of strength which will always spring up if thou wilt always look.”

-Marcus Aurelius, The Meditations.

Drew Martel (LISW, CADC) is the director of crisis services at Foundation 2 and has been involved in several suicide risk assessments, as well as provided trainings across the state on suicide intervention and treatment. Drew also provides individual therapy at Meadowlark Psychiatric Services and is an adjunct instructor at the University of Iowa School of Social Work.




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Post-concussion treatment, suicide prevention ‘a team sport,’ says lead researcher

Suicide attempts common in post-concussion patients, says Dr. Charles Tator of the Canadian Concussion Centre





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California Study: Four Widely Used Neonicotinoid Pesticides Harm Bees

Center for Biological Diversity Press Release WASHINGTON – Four commonly used neonicotinoid pesticides can harm bees and other pollinators, according to a new analysis by California’s Department of Pesticide Regulation. The study found that current approved uses of the “neonics” … Continue reading




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Intercellar - Accidental Anomalies of Particle Wallpapers

Intercellar - Accidental Anomalies of Particle Wallpapers

AoiroStudioMay 07, 2020

Intercellar is a series of free wallpapers designed 'by accident' by Crtomir Just. I mentioned 'accident' because 'the images are the results of errors in particle simulations'. I think they are super stunning and crispy. We took the liberty to share Crtomir's entire collection and their 'download links'. You can download the 8K wallpapers, this feature is a reminder of what we used to do back in the days. We are definitely living in different times but it's always a nice reminder to remember what we were made of.

These images are the results of errors in particle simulations. While accidentally trying to scrub through the timeline, the otherwise predictable simulation explodes and is forced to take strange turns by blindly filling the gap between missing frames.

About Crtomir Just

Crtomir is an art director and 3D artist based in Murska Sobota, Slovenia, his work slightly shifted and it’s plain awesome. Make sure to follow his work on Behance and store.

 

 

 

 

 




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Process for preparing carboxylic acid amides useful in the treatment of muscular disorders

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula wherein: R2 is cycloalkyl or alkyl, each of which may be optionally substituted; Y is —CONR3R4, —CN or CO2R5; R3, R4 and R5 are each independently H or alkyl; n is 1 to 6; wherein said process comprising the steps of: (i) treating a compound of formula (IV), where R1 is alkyl, with a compound of formula (V) and forming a compound of formula (IIIb); (ii) treating said compound of formula (IIIb) with a compound of formula (I1) to form a compound of formula (I).




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Aminoalcohol and biocide compositions for aqueous based systems

Biocidal compositions and their use in aqueous media, such as metalworking fluids, the compositions comprising a biocidal agent; and a non-biocidal primary amino alcohol compound of the formula (I); wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein.




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Fatty acid fumarate derivatives and their uses

The invention relates to Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivatives; compositions comprising an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative; and methods for treating or preventing cancer, a metabolic disorder or neurodegenerative disorder comprising the administration of an effective amount of a Fatty Acid Fumarate Derivative.




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Oxidative cleavage of unsaturated carboxylic acids

Provided are processes for the oxidative cleavage of a double bond in an unsaturated carboxylic acid. The process includes contacting the unsaturated carboxylic acid with a mild oxidizing agent and agitating the unsaturated carboxylic acid and the mild oxidizing agent for a time sufficient to cleave a double bond of the unsaturated carboxylic acid and produce a product comprising an aldehyde. The process is typically carried out in a mill, such as a ball, hammer, attrition, or jet mill.




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Amino acid salt containing compositions

A reagent composition for forming fatty acyl amido surfactants is provided which includes an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of an amino compound; a polyol of molecular weight ranging from 76 to 300; and no more than 10% water.




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Method for producing a concentrate of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids

The current invention describes processes for obtaining of concentrates of esters of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for their use in massive and regular human consumption either as a pharmaceutical ingredient or as a food ingredient, which are characterized by having neutral and stable organoleptic properties, free of side effects, which are typical from marine oils derivatives, and with low content of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP).




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Trans-2-decenoic acid derivative and pharmaceutical agent containing the same

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel trans-2-decenoic acid derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and to provide a pharmaceutical agent which contains said compound as an active ingredient and has a highly safe neurotrophic factor-like activity or an alleviating action for side effect induced by administration of anti-cancer agents. The trans-2-decenoic acid derivative or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof which is the compound of the present invention is specifically represented by the formula (1): (In the formula, Y is —O—, —NR— or —S—, R is hydrogen atom, alkyl group, dialkylaminoalkyl group or the like and W is a substituent such as dialkylaminoalkyl group) and has a quite high usefulness as a pharmaceutical agent such as a preventive or therapeutic agent for dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, depression, etc., a treating or repairing agent for spinal cord injury.




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Process for producing monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters

A process for producing C10-C26 monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof which includes isomerizing unsaturated C10-C26 fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof in the presence of a catalyst which comprises both a zeolite and a Lewis base. The zeolite can be reused after simple separation from the reaction products without having to regenerate. The process is particularly suitable for producing highly monobranched fatty acids or alkyl esters thereof.




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Methods of refining and producing dibasic esters and acids from natural oil feedstocks

Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks and producing dibasic esters and/or dibasic acids. The methods comprise reacting a terminal olefin with an internal olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a dibasic ester and/or dibasic acid. In certain embodiments, the olefin esters are formed by reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters, separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product, and transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product having olefin esters.




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Process for the preparation of fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) from triglyceride oils using eco-friendly solid base catalysts

This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of green fatty acid methyl esters (FAME; commonly called as biodiesel) from different triglyceride oils using mixed metal oxides derived from layered double hydroxides (referred here as LDHs) as reusable solid heterogeneous base catalysts. This process uses very low alcohohoil molar ratio and catalyst and/or products are easily separable after the reaction through simple physical processes. The properties of thus obtained biodiesel meet the standard biodiesel values and can directly be used as transport fuel.




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Method for producing oil containing highly unsaturated fatty acid using lipase

A method for lowering content of a sterol in a highly unsaturated fatty acid-concentrated oil in a method to concentrate a highly unsaturated fatty acid by using a lipase reaction, may include removing the free form of the sterol from a raw material oil that includes a highly unsaturated fatty acid-containing glyceride prior to performing the lipase reaction; and thereafter concentrating the highly unsaturated fatty acid in the glyceride by using a lipase that is less reactive for the highly unsaturated fatty acid.




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Acid addition salts of risperidone and pharmaceutical compositions thereof

The present invention relates to a novel acid addition salt of risperidone, wherein acid counterion is selected from the group consisting of pamoic acid, caproic acid, cypionic acid, decanoic acid, camphor sulfonic acid, enanthic acid, palmitic acid, fusidic acid, gluceptic acid, gluconic acid, lactobionic acid, lauric acid, levulinic acid and valeric acid, a process for the preparation and pharmaceutical composition comprising the same. Further, the invention relates to the use of said pharmaceutical composition comprising the acid addition salt of risperidone in the treatment of patient suffering from psychotic disorders.




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Curable fiberglass binder comprising salt of inorganic acid

Formaldehyde-free binder compositions are described that include an aldehyde or ketone, a nitrogen-containing salt of an inorganic acid, and an acidic compound. The acidic compound may be an organic acid, such as maleic acid or citric acid among others. The acidic compound is supplied in quantities that lower the pH of the binder composition to about 5 or less. The binder compositions may be used in methods of binding fiberglass and the resulting fiberglass products have an improved tensile strength due to the addition of the acidic compound.




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Compatibilized polypropylene heterophasic copolymer and polylactic acid blends for injection molding applications

Injection molded articles and process of forming the same are described herein. The processes generally include providing a polyolefin including one or more propylene heterophasic copolymers, the polyolefin having an ethylene content of at least 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the polyolefin; contacting the polyolefin with a polylactic acid and a reactive modifier to form a compatiblized polymeric blend, wherein the reactive modifier is produced by contacting a polypropylene, a multifunctional acrylate comonomer, and an initiator under conditions suitable for the formation of a glycidyl methacrylate grafted polypropylene (PP-g-GMA) having a grafting yield in a range from 1 wt. % to 15 wt. %; and injection molding the compatibilized polymeric blend into an article.




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6-(substituted)methylenepenicillanic and 6-(substituted)hydroxymethylpenicillanic acids and derivatives thereof

Beta-lactamase inhibiting compounds of the formula ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition or carboxylate salt thereof; where n is zero, 1 or 2; X3 is H or Br, R1 is H, the residue of certain carboxy-protecting groups or the residue of an ester group readily hydrolyzable in vivo; one of R12 and R13 is H and the other is vinyl, certain aryl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl or certain heterocyclyl, aminomethyl, thiocarboxyamido or amidino groups; one of R2 and R3 is H and the other is as disclosed for the other of R12 and R13, or is Cl or CH2 OH, and R18 is H or certain acyl groups; intermediates useful in their production, methods for their preparation and use, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.




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Herbicidal agents based on pyrazole derivatives

Herbicidally active 5-amino-1-phenyl-pyrazoles, most of which are new, of the formula ##STR1##




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Adsorption of acid gases

An adsorption process is disclosed for removal of acid gas contaminants from a liquid or gas which comprises providing an activated alumina adsorbent which is impregnated with a compound selected from the group consisting of one or more alkali metal compounds, one or more alkaline earth metal compounds, or a mixture of such compounds; contacting the liquid or gas containing acid gas contaminants with the activated alumina adsorbent to adsorb enough acid gas contaminant in the liquid or gas to lower the contaminant content of the liquid or gas, the alumina adsorbent being formed from agglomerated calcined alumina powder and provided with a mercury pore volume of pores greater than 500 angstroms at least 0.10 cc/g.




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Method for increasing thermal stability of a fuel composition using a solid phosphoric acid catalyst

This invention relates to a method for increasing thermal stability of fuel, as well as in reducing nitrogen content and/or enhancing color quality of the fuel. According to the method, a fuel feedstock can be treated with a solid phosphoric acid catalyst under appropriate catalyst conditions, e.g., to increase the thermal stability of the fuel feedstock. Preferably, the fuel feedstock can be treated with the solid phosphoric acid catalyst at a ratio of catalyst mass within a contact zone to a mass flow rate of feedstock through the zone of at least about 18 minutes to increase the thermal stability of the fuel feedstock, along with reducing nitrogen content and/or enhancing color quality.




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Methods for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon stream using acidic clay

Disclosed is a method for removing weakly basic nitrogen compounds from a hydrocarbon feed stream by contacting the hydrocarbon feed stream with acidic clay to produce a hydrocarbon effluent stream having a lower weakly basic nitrogen compound content relative to the hydrocarbon feed stream. The hydrocarbon feed stream comprises an aromatic compound and a weakly basic nitrogen compound.




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Salts of dehydroacetic acid as a pyrithione stabilizer in plastics

The invention provides a method for preventing discoloration of pyrithione-containing materials, in particular plastic materials or other material such as paints, coatings, adhesives or textiles which are exposed to an outdoor environment. The method is likewise suited for preventing discoloration of other pyrithione-containing materials such as personal care compositions like shampoos. A discoloration inhibitor that includes dehydroacetic acid or a salt thereof is added to the pyrithione-containing material. The discoloration is prevented without the addition of a cyclic organic phosphoric acid ester or an organic phosphite. Use of the discoloration inhibitor does not interfere with the antimicrobial effect of the pyrithione.




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Pesticidal composition

A pesticidal composition comprising 4-phenoxyphenyl 2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether; a hydrophobic organic solvent capable of dissolving 0.1-fold by weight of 4-phenoxyphenyl 2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether at 0° C.; polyvinyl alcohol; a nonionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkoxylated castor oil, alkoxylated hydrogenated castor oil and alkoxylated hydrogenated castor oil fatty acid ester; and water, is excellent in storage stability.




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System and method for detecting accidental peripheral device disconnection

A detection device for detecting the manner in which a peripheral device is removed from an electronic device is proposed. The detection device can be on the peripheral device or the electronic device and detects whether the peripheral device was removed in a manner that indicates the removal was intentional or unintentional.




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Stabilized formulations of fatty acids

Disclosed herein are stabilized powder and aqueous formulations comprising a substantially water insoluble lipophilic bioactive compound and a micelle-forming surfactant. In one embodiment, the formulation further comprises a water soluble reducing agent, and/or a water insoluble reducing agent, and/or a metal chelator, and/or a metal bisulfite reducing agent, or combinations thereof, wherein the formulation remains substantially clear and stable when stored at or below room temperature for a period of at least 6 months or at least 12 months; and methods for preparing these formulations.




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Polymer particles, nucleic acid polymer particles and methods of making and using the same

The disclosure relates to methods of making polymer particles, said methods including the steps of: making an aqueous gel reaction mixture; forming an emulsion having dispersed aqueous phase micelles of gel reaction mixture in a continuous phase; adding an initiator oil comprising at least one polymerization initiator to the continuous phase; and performing a polymerization reaction in the micelles. Further, the initiator oil is present in a volume % relative to a volume of the aqueous gel reaction mixture of between about 1 vol % to about 20 vol %. The disclosure also relates to methods of making nucleic acid polymer particles having the same method steps and wherein the aqueous gel reaction mixture includes a nucleic acid fragment, such as a primer.




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Using a dilute acid stream as an extractive agent

Recovery of ethanol from a crude ethanol product obtained from the hydrogenation of acetic acid using an extractive distillation column. A diluted acid stream, comprising less than 30 wt. % acetic acid, is used as the extractive agent and is fed at a point above the crude feed stream. The column yields a residue that comprises ethanol, acetic acid, and water. The diluted acid stream may be separated from the residue and returned to the extractive distillation column.




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Process for the production of ethanol from an acetic acid feed and a recycled ethyl acetate feed

The present invention produces ethanol in a reactor that comprises a catalyst composition and a feed stream comprising acetic acid and a recycled liquid stream comprising ethyl acetate. The catalyst composition comprises a first catalyst comprising platinum, cobalt, and/or tin and a second catalyst comprising copper. The crude ethanol product may be separated and ethanol recovered.




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Hydrogenation catalysts with acidic sites

The present invention relates to catalysts and to chemical processes employing such catalysts. The catalysts are preferably used for converting acetic acid to ethanol. The catalyst comprises acidic sites and two or more metals. The catalyst has acidic sites on the surface and the balance favors Lewis acid sites.




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Process for making ethanol from acetic acid using acidic catalysts

A process for selective formation of ethanol from acetic acid by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of a catalyst comprises a first metal on an acidic support. The acidic support may comprise an acidic support material or may comprise an support having an acidic support modifier. The catalyst may be used alone to produced ethanol via hydrogenation or in combination with another catalyst. In addition, the crude ethanol product is separated to obtain ethanol.




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Phasing reactor product from hydrogenating acetic acid into ethyl acetate feed to produce ethanol

Disclosed herein are processes for alcohol production by reducing ethyl acetate produced by hydrogenating acetic acid in the presence of a suitable catalyst. The product of the acetic acid hydrogenation is fed directly to a decanter to separate the hydrogenation product into an aqueous phase comprising water and ethanol and an organic phase comprising ethyl acetate. The organic phase is reduced with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a crude reaction mixture comprising the alcohol, in particular ethanol, which may be separated from the crude reaction mixture. Thus, ethanol may be produced from acetic acid through an ethyl acetate intermediate without an esterification step. This may reduce the recycle of ethanol in the hydrogenolysis process and improve ethanol productivity.