Barker Library - TA435.A36 2019

THE BIGGEST APPLE developer event of the year kicked off this morning at Moscone Center in San Francisco. WIRED’s David Pierce attended the WWDC keynote, and he gives us a quick recap on all the news. There are enhancements coming to Apple’s desktop OS, it’s iOS software, and a big update to the three-months-old Apple Watch that includes support for native apps.

If you hate missing out on the latest news from PoliceOne, are having a hard time managing the deluge of information you receive from our newsletters, or simply want a more convenient way to manage and control your online news and information, RSS feeds may be the answer.

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Dewey Library - QA402.5.B465 2019

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 This week, we chat about cement’s shrinking carbon footprint, commuting hazards for ancient Egyptian artisans, and a new bipartisan group opposed to government-funded animal research in the United States with Online News Editor David Grimm. Plus, Science’s Alexa Billow talks to news writer Sam Kean about the kinds of data that can only be gathered at night as part of the special issue on circadian biology.  Listen to previous podcasts.  [Image: roomauction/iStockphoto; Music: Jeffrey Cook]

Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2014

Australia. Parliament. Joint Committee on Law Enforcement, author, issuing body

Barker Library - TE7.N25 no.906

Panel:

• Charles Max Wood
• Aimee Knight
• Chris Ferdinandi
• AJ O’Neal

Special Guest: Andy Bell

In this episode, the panel talks with Andy Bell who is an independent designer and developer who uses React, Vue, and Node. Today, the panelists and the guest talk about the power of progressive enhancements. Check it out!

Show Topics:

0:00 – Advertisement: KENDO UI

0:34 – Chuck: Hi! Our panel is AJ, Aimee, Chris, myself and my new show is coming out in a few weeks, which is called the DevRev! It helps you with developer’s freedom! I am super excited. Our guest is Andy Bell. Introduce yourself, please.

2:00 – Guest: I am an independent designer and developer out in the U.K.

2:17 – Chuck: You wrote things about Vanilla.js. I am foreshadowing a few things and let’s talk about the power and progressive enhancement.

2:43 – The guest gives us definitions of power and progressive enhancements. He describes how it works.

3:10 – Chuck: I’ve heard that people would turn off JavaScript b/c it was security concern and then your progressive enhancement would make it work w/o JavaScript. I am sure there’s more than that?

3:28 – The guest talks about JavaScript, dependencies, among other things.

4:40 – Chuck: Your post did make that very clear I think. I am thinking I don’t even know where to start with this. Are people using the 6^th version? How far back or what are we talking about here?

5:09 – Guest: You can go really far back and make it work w/o CSS.

5:49 – Chris: I am a big advocate of progressive enhancement – the pushback I get these days is that there is a divide; between the broadband era and AOL dialup. Are there compelling reasons why progressive enhancements even matter?

6:48 – Guest.

8:05 – Panel: My family lives out in the boonies. I am aware of 50% of American don’t have fast Internet. People don’t have access to fast browsers but I don’t think they are key metric users.

8:47 – Guest: It totally depends on what you need it for. It doesn’t matter if these people are paying or not.

9:31 – Chris: Assuming I have a commute on the trail and it goes through a spotty section. In a scenario that it’s dependent on the JS...are we talking about 2 different things here?

10:14 – Panelist chimes-in.

10:36 – Chris: I can take advantage of it even if I cannot afford a new machine.

10:55 – Panel: Where would this really matter to you?

11:05 – Chris: I do have a nice new laptop.

11:12 – Chuck: I had to hike up to the hill (near the house) to make a call and the connection was really poor (in OK). It’s not the norm but it can happen.

11:37 – Chris: Or how about the All Trails app when I am on the trail.

11:52 – Guest.

12:40 – Chris: I can remember at the time that the desktop sites it was popular to have...

Chris: Most of those sites were inaccessible to me.

13:17 – Guest.

13:51 – Chuck: First-world countries will have a good connection and it’s not a big deal. If you are thinking though about your customers and where they live? Is that fair? I am thinking that my customers need to be able to access the podcast – what would you suggest? What are the things that you’d make sure is accessible to them.

14:31 – Guest: I like to pick on the minimum viable experience? I think to read the transcript is important than the audio (MP3).

15:47 – Chuck.

15:52 – Guest: It’s a lot easier with Vue b/c you don’t’ have to set aside rendering.

17:13 – AJ: I am thinking: that there is a way to start developing progressively and probably cheaper and easier to the person who is developing. If it saves us a buck and helps then we take action.

17:49 – Guest: It’s much easier if you start that way and if you enhance the feature itself.

18:38 – AJ: Let me ask: what are the situations where I wouldn’t / shouldn’t worry about progressive enhancements?

18:57 – Guest answers the question.

19:42 – AJ: I want people to feel motivated in a place WHERE to start. Something like a blog needs Java for comments.

Hamburger menu is mentioned, too.

20:20 – Guest.

21:05 – Chris: Can we talk about code?

21:16 – Aimee: This is the direction I wanted to go. What do you mean by that – building your applications progressively?

Aimee refers to his blog.

21:44 – Guest.

22:13 – Chuck: I use stock overflow!

22:20 – Guest.

22:24 – Chuck: I mean that’s what Chris uses!

22:33 – Guest (continues).

23:42 – Aimee.

23:54 – Chris.

24:09 – Chris

24:16 – Chris: Andy what do you think about that?

24:22 – Guest: Yes, that’s good.

24:35 – Chris: Where it falls apart is the resistance to progressive enhancements that it means that your approach has to be boring?

25:03 – Guest answers the question.

The guest mentions modern CSS and modern JavaScript are mentioned along with tooling.

25:50 – Chuck: My issue is that when we talk about this (progressive enhancement) lowest common denominator and some user at some level (slow network) and then they can access it. Then the next level (better access) can access it. I start at the bottom and then go up. Then when they say progressive enhancement I get lost. Should I scrap it and then start over or what?

26:57 – Guest: If it’s feasible do it and then set a timeline up.

27:42 – Chuck: You are saying yes do it a layer at a time – but my question is HOW? What parts can I pair back? Are there guidelines to say: do this first and then how to test?

28:18 – Advertisement – Sentry.io

29:20 – Guest: Think about the user flow. What does the user want to do at THIS point? Do you need to work out the actual dependencies?

30:31 – Chuck: Is there a list of those capabilities somewhere? So these users can use it this way and these users can use it that way?

30:50 – Guest answers the question.

31:03 – Guest: You can pick out the big things.

31:30 – Chuck: I am using this feature in the browser...

31:41 – Guest.

31:46 – Chris: I think this differently than you Andy – I’ve stopped caring if a browser supports something new. I am fine using CSS grid and if your browser doesn’t support it then I don’t have a problem with that. I get hung up on, though if this fails can they still get the content? If they have no access to these – what should they be able to do?

Note: “Cutting the Mustard Test” is mentioned.

33:37 – Guest.

33:44 – Chuck: Knowing your users and if it becomes a problem then I will figure it out.

34:00 – Chris: I couldn’t spare the time to make it happen right now b/c I am a one-man shop.

34:20 – Chuck and Chris go back-and-forth.

34:36 –Chris: Check out links below for my product.

34:54 – AJ: A lot of these things are in the name: progressive.

36:20 – Guest.

38:51 – Chris: Say that they haven’t looked at it all before. Do you mind talking about these things and what the heck is a web component?

39:14 – The guest gives us his definition of what a web component is.

40:02 – Chuck: Most recent episode in Angular about web components, but that was a few years ago. See links below for that episode.

40:25 – Aimee.

40:31 – Guest: Yes, it’s a lot like working in Vue and web components. The concepts are very similar.

41:22 – Chris: Can someone please give us an example? A literal slideshow example?

41:45 – Guest answers the question.

45:07 – Chris.

45:12 – Guest: It’s a framework that just happens to use web components and stuff to help.

45:54 – Chuck: Yeah they make it easier (Palmer). Yeah there is a crossover with Palmer team and other teams. I can say that b/c I have talked with people from both teams. Anything else?

46:39 – Chuck: Where do they go to learn more?

46:49 – Guest: Check out the Club! And my Twitter! (See links below.)

47:33 – Chuck: I want to shout-out about DevLifts that has $19 a month to help you with physical goals. Or you can get the premium slot! It’s terrific stuff. Sign-up with DEVCHAT code but there is a limited number of slots and there is a deadline, too. Just try it! They have a podcast, too!

49:16 – Aimee: Yeah, I’m on their podcast soon!

49:30 – Chuck: Picks!

END – Advertisement: CacheFly!

Links:

• JavaScript
• React
• Elixir
• Ember.js
• Vue
• GO
• jQuery
• Node.js
• Puppeteer
• Cypress
• Past episode: AiA 115
• Past episode: JSJ 120
• Vue.js – Slots
• Using templates and slots – Article
• Web Components Club
• GitHub: Pwa – Starter – Kit
• Progressively Enhanced Toggle Panel
• Time Ago in under 50 lines of JavaScript
• GitHub: ebook-boilerplate
• Chris Ferdinandi’s Go Make Things Site
• Game Chops
• CNBC – Trump Article
• New in Node v10.12
• Quotes Archive
• My Amazon Interview Horror Story
• DevPal.io
• Honest Work
• Relative Paths
• DevLifts
• Andy Bell’s Twitter
• Andy’s Website

Sponsors:

• DevLifts
• Kendo UI
• Sentry
• CacheFly

Picks:

Aimee

• Hacker News  -  Programming Quotes
• My Amazon Interview Horror Story

Chris

• Time Ago in Under 50 Lines of JavaScript
• E-Book Boiler Plate
• JSJABBER at gomakethings.com

AJ

• Experimental Drugs Bill
• My Browers FYI
• New In Node,10.12
• Arcade Attack

Charles

• Getacoderjob.com
• Self-Publishing School
• MF CEO podcast

Andy

• Devpay.io
• Honest.work
• Relativepath.uk

This cross-sectional study investigates whether hospital inpatient percutaneous coronary intervention volume is associated with rates of 30-day risk-adjusted mortality and hospital readmission after transcatheter aortic valve replacement and transcatheter mitral valve repair.

An accessible image replacement method using pseudo-elements and generated-content. This method works with images and/or CSS off, with semi-transparent images, doesn’t hide text from screen-readers or search engines, and provides fallback for IE 6 and IE 7.

Known support: Firefox 1.5+, Safari 3+, Chrome 3+, Opera 9+, IE 8+

What’s wrong with current methods?

The two most widely used image replacement techniques are the Gilder/Levin Method and the Phark Method. Both have different flaws.

The Gilder/Levin Method requires the addition of presentational HTML (an empty span) and doesn’t work with transparent images as the default text shows through. The Phark Method uses a negative text-indent to hide the text and so it is not visible when CSS is on and images are off.

Resurrecting the NIR method

Using pseudo-elements and generated-content as an image replacement technique isn’t a new idea. It was proposed and demonstrated by Paul Nash back in 2006. This is the Nash Image Replacement method.

<h1 class="nir">[content]</h1>

.nir {
   height: 100px; /* height of replacement image */
   padding: 0;
   margin: 0;
   overflow: hidden;
}

.nir:before {
   content: url(image.gif);
   display: block;
}

The height value is equal to that of the replacement image. Setting overflow:hidden ensures that the original content is not visible on screen when the image is loaded. The replacement image is inserted as generated content in the :before pseudo-element which is set to behave like a block element in order to push the element’s original content down.

What about IE 6 and IE 7?

Neither browser supports :before; if you need to support them you’ll have to rely on the Phark method. This can be done using conditional comments or safe IE6/7 hacks to serve alternative styles to legacy versions of IE .

<!--[if lte IE 7]>
<style>
.nir {
   height: 100px;
   padding: 0;
   margin: 0;
   overflow: hidden;
   text-indent: -9000px;
   background: url(image.gif) no-repeat 0 0;
}
</style>
<![endif]-->

Using the NIR method allows you to keep your HTML semantic and deliver improved accessibility to users of modern browsers. The Phark Method can then be served to IE 6 and IE 7.

Improving the NIR method

The first problem with NIR is that if images are disabled all browsers leave whitespace above the element’s content. Opera 10.5 even displays the text string “image”! If the height of the element is small enough this whitespace causes the element’s content to overflow and be partially or completely hidden when images are disabled.

Another consideration is what happens if an image doesn’t exist or fails to load. Safari and Chrome will display a “missing image” icon that cannot be removed. Once again, this can cause the element’s content to overflow and become partially or completely hidden to users.

A more robust version of the NIR method is the following modification:

.nir {
   height: 100px; /* height of replacement image */
   width: 400px; /* width of replacement image */
   padding: 0;
   margin: 0;
   overflow: hidden;
}

.nir:before {
   content: url(image.gif);
   display: inline-block;
   font-size: 0;
   line-height: 0;
}

Setting font-size and line-height to 0 avoids the whitespace problems in all browsers. Setting the element’s width equal to that of the replacement image and getting the pseudo-element to act as an inline-block helps minimise the problems in webkit browsers should an image fail to load.

Ideally browsers would avoid displaying anything in a pseudo-element when its generated-content image fails to load. If that were the case, the original NIR method would be all that is needed.

What about using sprites?

One of the most common uses of image replacement is for navigation. This often involves using a large sprite with :hover and :active states as a background image. It turns out that using sprites is not a problem for modern browsers. When using the modified-NIR method the sprite is included as a generated-content image that is positioned using negative margins.

This is an example that rebuilds the right-hand category navigation from Web Designer Wall using a sprite and the modified-NIR method.

<ul id="nav">
  <li id="nav-item-1"><a href="#non">Tutorials</a></li>
  <li id="nav-item-2"><a href="#non">Trends</a></li>
  <li id="nav-item-3"><a href="#non">General</a></li>
</ul>

/* modified-NIR */

#nav a {
  display: block;
  width: 225px;
  height: 46px;
  overflow: hidden;
}

#nav a:before {
   content:url(sprite.png);
   display:-moz-inline-box; /* for Firefox 1.5 & 2 */
   display:inline-block;
   font-size:0;
   line-height:0;
}

/* repositioning the sprite */

#nav-item-1 a:hover:before,
#nav-item-1 a:focus:before,
#nav-item-1 a:active:before {margin:-46px 0 0;}

#nav-item-2 a:before        {margin:-92px 0 0;}
#nav-item-2 a:hover:before,
#nav-item-2 a:focus:before,
#nav-item-2 a:active:before {margin:-138px 0 0;}

#nav-item-3 a:before        {margin:-184px 0 0;}
#nav-item-3 a:hover:before,
#nav-item-3 a:focus:before,
#nav-item-3 a:active:before {margin:-230px 0 0;}

/* :hover hack for IE8 if no a:hover styles declared */
#nav a:hover {cursor:pointer;}

For some reason IE8 refuses to reposition the image when the mouse is over the link unless a style is declared for a:hover. In most cases you will have declared a:hover styles for the basic links on your webpage, and this is enough. But it is worth being aware of this IE8 behaviour.

The addition of display:-moz-inline-box; is required to reposition the sprite in versions of Firefox prior to Firefox 3.0. They are very rare browsers but I’ve included it in case that level of legacy support is needed.

If you want image replacement in IE 6 and IE 7 the following additional styles can be served to those browsers using conditional comments.

/* Phark IR method */

#nav a {
   text-indent: -9000px;
   background: url(sprite.png) no-repeat;
}

/* repositioning the sprite */

#nav-item-1 a:hover,
#nav-item-1 a:active { background-position: 0 -46px; }

#nav-item-2 a        { background-position: 0 -92px; }
#nav-item-2 a:hover,
#nav-item-2 a:hover  { background-position: 0 -138px; }

#nav-item-3 a        { background-position: 0 -184px; }
#nav-item-3 a:hover,
#nav-item-3 a:active { background-position: 0 -230px; }

/* hack for IE6 */
#nav a:hover { margin: 0; }

The changes are fairly simple. But IE 6 applies the margins declared for a:hover:before to a:hover and so they need to be reset in the styles served to IE 6.

See the modified-NIR (using sprites) demo.

A new image replacement technique was recently added to the HTML5 Boilerplate project. This post explains how it works and how it compares to alternative image replacement techniques.

[15 December 2012] This technique is no longer used in HTML5 Boilerplate. It’s been replaced by another, more reliable approach.

Here’s the CSS behind the recent update to the image replacement helper class in HTML5 Boilerplate. It has also made its way into the Compass framework.

.ir {
  font: 0/0 a;
  text-shadow: none;
  color: transparent;
}

What does each declaration do?

• font:0/0 a – a shorthand property that zeros out the font size and line-height. The a value acts as a very short font-family (an idea taken from the BEM implementation of this method). The CSS validator complains that using 0/0 in the shorthand font property is not valid, but every browser accepts it and this appears to be an error in the validator. Using font:0px/0 a passes validation but it displayed as font:0/0 a in the code that the validator flags as valid.
• text-shadow:none – makes sure that any inherited text shadow is removed for the text. This prevents the chance of any text shadow colors showing over the background.
• color:transparent – needed for browsers than don’t completely crush the text to the point of being invisible. Safari 4 (extremely rare) is an example of such a browser. There may also be mobile browsers than require this declaration. IE6/7/8 don’t recognise this value for color, but fortunately IE7/8 don’t show any trace of the text. IE6 shows a faint trace.

In the HTML5 Boilerplate image replacement helper, we’ve also removed any border and background-color that may be on the element. This makes it easier to use the helper class on elements like button or with links that may included background or border properties as part of a design decision.

Benefits over text-indent methods

The new technique avoids various problems with any text-indent method, including the one proposed by Scott Kellum to avoid iPad 1 performance problems related to large negative text indents.

• Works in IE6/7 on inline-block elements. Techniques based on text indentation are basically “broken”, as shown by this test case: http://jsfiddle.net/necolas/QZvYa/show/
• Doesn’t result in any offscreen box being created. The text-indent methods result in a box being drawn (sometimes offscreen) for any text that have been negatively or positively indented. It can sometimes cause performance problems but the font-based method sidesteps those concerns.
• No need to specify a text-alignment and hide the overflow since the text is crushed to take up no space.
• No need to hide br or make all fallback HTML display:inline to get around the constraints of using a text indentation. This method is not affected by those problems.
• Fewer styles are needed as a result of these improvements.

Drawbacks

No image replacement hack is perfect.

• Leaves a very small trace of the text in IE6.
• This approach means that you cannot use em units for margins on elements that make use of this image replacement code. This is because the font size is set to 0.
• Windows-Eyes has a bug that prevents the reading of text hidden using this method. There are no problems with all other screenreaders that have been tested. Thanks to @jkiss for providing these detailed results and to @wilto for confirming this technique works for JAWS 12 in IE 6/7/8 and Firefox 4/5/6.
• Like so many IR methods, it doesn’t work when CSS is loaded but images are not.
• Text may not be hidden if a visitor is using a user style sheet which has explicitly set important font-size declarations for the element type on which you have applied the IR class.

It’s worth noting that the NIR image replacement technique avoids these drawbacks, but lacks support in IE6/7.

Closing comments

I’ve been using this technique without significant problems for nearly a year, ever since Jonathan Neal and I used it in a clearfix experiment. The BEM framework also makes use of it for their icon components. The core idea was even proposed back in 2003 but the browser quirks of the day may have prevented wider use.

If you come across any problems with this technique, please report them at the HTML5 Boilerplate GitHub issue tracker and include a test case when appropriate.

Translations

• Nouvelle méthode de remplacement de texte par une image

Interview with Dae Hyun Kim, author of Evaluation of Changes in Functional Status in the Year After Aortic Valve Replacement, and Emily Finlayson, MD, MS, author of Invasive Procedures to Improve Function in Frail Older Adults: Do Outcomes Justify the Intervention?

Interview with Michael J. Reardon, MD, Martin B. Leon, MD, and Patrick T. O'Gara, MD, authors of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Patients at Low Surgical Risk—Selective or Ubiquitous?

Interview with Tsuyoshi Kaneko, MD, and Sameer A Hirji, MD, authors of Utility of 90-Day Mortality vs 30-Day Mortality as a Quality Metric for Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes, and Michael J. Mack, MD, author of Ninety-Day Outcome Assessment After Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement—Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze?

Dewey Library - KZ6530.A75 2018

Dewey Library - KF3775.B393 2019

Dewey Library - K3585.5.H37 2019

Dewey Library - K5401.K66 2018