The effect of the size and mix of public spending on growth and inequality

This paper reviews the key issues concerning the impact of public spending and taxation on long-run growth and inequality and takes stock of existing theoretical and empirical studies.

This paper provides evidence on the effects of the size and the composition of public spending on long-term growth and inequality.

On January 26th and 27th the Ministry of Regional Development of Ukraine and the OECD organised a seminar in Kiyv focusing on recent decentralisation and territorial reforms in Ukraine and in OECD countries.

Towards Gender Equality before the Law

This seminar was held in Mykolaiv on 5 March, 2017. Ukrainian sub-national officials, policy makers and other stakeholders shared their experience in decentralisation reform and its impact with respect to administrative capacity, investment capacity and service delivery capacity, particularly at the local level.

In 1998 Indonesia embarked on an ambitious course of decentralisation. Over a period of a few years, facilitated by financial transfers from the central government, responsibility for many public services and administrative tasks were devolved to local authorities.

It is hardly surprising that rising inequality has translated into growing political disaffection, anti-market sentiment and disenchantment with globalisation. In such a context, we desperately need to take action to promote inclusive growth and restore public confidence in the power of policymakers to improve people’s lives.

This seminar series is part of the OECD project, Supporting Decentralisation in Ukraine. The 2nd seminar on Strengthening the Subnational Partnership, took place in Mykolaiv ON 15 March 2017.

This publication catalogues national practices that illustrate implementation of aspects or elements of competitive neutrality and highlights examples of challenges that may be encountered.

This report explores the efforts of MENA stock exchanges to restructure their ownership through regional comparisons and case studies, situating this process within the global transformation of the stock exchange industry over the past two decades.

With a focus on the Asia-Pacific region, this conference addressed what the Sustainable Development Goals will mean for business and how business sustainability strategies can be aligned to support their implementation.

Globalisation has failed to create a level playing field in trade, investment and corporate behaviour, being one of the factors contributing to a backlash against openness in many countries and a decline in confidence in government institutions.

30/05/2017 - Adrian Blundell-Wignall, Special Advisor to the OECD Secretary-General on Financial and Enterprise Affairs, argues that key corporate and financial issues must be addressed if globalisation is to work better for all. These issues are examined in the new 2017 OECD Business and Finance Outlook.

8 March 2018, Paris - On the occasion of International Woman's Day, senior decision-makers from the public and corporate worlds, experts, academics and stakeholders considered different policy approaches and implementation tools on how to close gender gaps in the private sector.

This report provides an overview of national practices to professionalise boards of directors by examining relevant legislation, policies and practices applicable to state-owned enterprises in a sample of OECD countries and developing and emerging economies.

The OECD Due Diligence Guidance is being used as the basis and benchmark by many industry initiatives created to ensure the responsible sourcing of minerals. This report presents the findings of a pilot alignment assessment of five industry programmes against the recommendations of the OECD Guidance to gauge the coherence, effectiveness and credibility of these initiatives.

Household Saving Rate in Australia decreased to 3.60 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 4.80 percent in the third quarter of 2019. Personal Savings in Australia averaged 9.44 percent from 1959 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 20.30 percent in the second quarter of 1974 and a record low of -1.70 percent in the fourth quarter of 2002. In Australia, Households Savings correspond to the ratio of household income saved to household net disposable income during a certain period of time. This page provides - Australia Households Savings - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Somalia scored 9 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Somalia averaged 10.50 Points from 2005 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 21 Points in 2005 and a record low of 8 Points in 2012. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Somalia Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Mali scored 29 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Mali averaged 30.18 Points from 2003 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 35 Points in 2015 and a record low of 27 Points in 2007. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Mali Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Imports from Mali in Germany decreased to 9 EUR THO in February from 45 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports from Mali in Germany averaged 771.63 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 41262 EUR THO in July of 2006 and a record low of 6 EUR THO in December of 2010. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports from Mali.

Loans To Private Sector in Mali increased to 1693013 XOF Million in March from 1673241 XOF Million in February of 2016. Loans To Private Sector in Mali averaged 879760.69 XOF Million from 2005 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 1747458 XOF Million in December of 2015 and a record low of 462803 XOF Million in May of 2006. This page provides the latest reported value for - Mali Loans To Private Sector - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Loans to Private Sector in Australia increased to 1019.15 AUD Billion in March from 984.70 AUD Billion in February of 2020. Loans to Private Sector in Australia averaged 378.24 AUD Billion from 1976 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1019.15 AUD Billion in March of 2020 and a record low of 20.21 AUD Billion in September of 1976. This page provides - Australia Loans to Private Sector - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Australia is the 12 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Australia averaged 10.12 from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 13 in 2000 and a record low of 7 in 1995. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Corporate Profits in Australia decreased to 94066 AUD Million in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 97430 AUD Million in the third quarter of 2019. Corporate Profits in Australia averaged 46897.81 AUD Million from 1994 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 98032 AUD Million in the second quarter of 2019 and a record low of 12032 AUD Million in the first quarter of 1995. In Australia, corporate profits refers to the net operating profit or loss before income tax and extraordinary items and is net of capital profits or losses arising from the sale of businesses' own capital goods and dividends received. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Corporate Profits - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Crude Oil Production in Australia decreased to 349 BBL/D/1K in January from 391 BBL/D/1K in December of 2019. Crude Oil Production in Australia averaged 463.41 BBL/D/1K from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 781 BBL/D/1K in February of 2000 and a record low of 238 BBL/D/1K in May of 2018. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Crude Oil Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Wages High Skilled in Australia decreased to 6120 AUD/Month in 2018 from 6250 AUD/Month in 2015. Wages High Skilled in Australia averaged 6185 AUD/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6250 AUD/Month in 2015 and a record low of 6120 AUD/Month in 2018. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Industrial Production in Australia increased 3.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter in the previous year. Industrial Production in Australia averaged 2.38 percent from 1975 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 12.70 percent in the fourth quarter of 1987 and a record low of -7.70 percent in the first quarter of 1983. In Australia, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Industrial Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Industrial Production in Mali decreased 19.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 over the same quarter in the previous year. Industrial Production in Mali averaged 2.87 percent from 2009 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 40.40 percent in the first quarter of 2010 and a record low of -26.40 percent in the first quarter of 2009. In Mali, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - Mali Industrial Production - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Employment in Australia increased by 5900 in March of 2020. Employment Change in Australia averaged 13907.52 Persons from 1978 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 99200 Persons in November of 1985 and a record low of -74800 Persons in November of 1992. In Australia, employment change refers to the absolute change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Employment Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Industrial Production in Australia increased 1.50 percent in December of 2019 over the previous month. Industrial Production Mom in Australia averaged 0.57 percent from 1974 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 5.10 percent in the fourth quarter of 1987 and a record low of -7 percent in the first quarter of 1975. In Australia, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Industrial Production MoM - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Car Production in Australia decreased to 1 Units in November from 1825 Units in October of 2017. Car Production in Australia averaged 20911.40 Units from 2004 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 39306 Units in November of 2004 and a record low of 1 Units in November of 2017. This page provides - Australia Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Business Confidence in Australia decreased to -66 points in March from -4 points in February of 2020. Business Confidence in Australia averaged 5.48 points from 1997 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 21 points in April of 2002 and a record low of -66 points in March of 2020. The NAB monthly survey of business confidence is based on a telephone survey of around 600 small, medium and large size non-agricultural companies. The Survey measures the expectations of business conditions for the upcoming month and is a simple average of trading, profitability and employment indices, reported by respondents for their company. The indices are calculated by taking the difference between the percentage of respondents nominating good or very good, or a rise and those nominating poor or very poor, or a fall. This page provides - Australia Business Confidence - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Australia recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 0.20 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Budget in Australia averaged -0.77 percent of GDP from 1971 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 2.20 percent of GDP in 1971 and a record low of -4.20 percent of GDP in 2010. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Australia Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Mali recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 3.10 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Budget in Mali averaged -1.38 percent of GDP from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 30.40 percent of GDP in 2006 and a record low of -5.20 percent of GDP in 2007. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Mali Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Sector Credit in Australia remained unchanged at 0.40 percent in February from 0.40 percent in January of 2020. Private Sector Credit in Australia averaged 0.85 percent from 1976 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3 percent in July of 1986 and a record low of -0.50 percent in July of 2019. In Australia, private sector credit refers to the month-over-month change of credit extended to the economy's private sector for housing, personal and business expenditures. It includes securitisations. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Private Sector Credit - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

GDP Growth Annualized in Israel increased to 4.60 percent in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 4 percent in the third quarter of 2019. GDP Growth Annualized in Israel averaged 3.81 percent from 1995 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 18.10 percent in the second quarter of 1999 and a record low of -4.20 percent in the first quarter of 2001. GDP Annualized Growth Rate shows the gdp growth that would be registered if the quarter-on-quarter rate of change were maintained for a full year. This page provides the latest reported value for - Israel GDP Growth Annualized - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Youth Unemployment Rate in Australia decreased to 11.60 percent in March from 12.10 percent in February of 2020. Youth Unemployment Rate in Australia averaged 13.37 percent from 1978 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 20.10 percent in October of 1992 and a record low of 7.60 percent in August of 2008. This page provides - Australia Youth Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Import Prices in Australia decreased to 113.10 points in the first quarter of 2020 from 114.30 points in the fourth quarter of 2019. Import Prices in Australia averaged 93.66 points from 1981 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 116.30 points in the second quarter of 2001 and a record low of 51.50 points in the third quarter of 1981. In Australia, Import Prices correspond to the rate of change in the prices of goods and services purchased by residents of that country from, and supplied by, foreign sellers. Import Prices are heavily affected by exchange rates. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Import Prices - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Households Debt in Australia decreased to 119.50 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 119.80 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2019. Households Debt To GDP in Australia averaged 73.02 percent of GDP from 1977 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 121.70 percent of GDP in the third quarter of 2016 and a record low of 34.20 percent of GDP in the fourth quarter of 1977. This page provides - Australia Households Debt To Gdp- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports to Australia CMLV in Russia increased to 17.90 USD Million in February from 6.30 USD Million in January of 2020. Exports to Australia CMLV in Russia averaged 43.76 USD Million from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 141 USD Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 0.50 USD Million in January of 2007. Russia accounts for Exports to Australia using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for Russia Exports to Australia.

Producer Prices in Australia increased 1.30 percent in March of 2020 over the same month in the previous year. Producer Prices Change in Australia averaged 2.24 percent from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6.30 percent in the fourth quarter of 2008 and a record low of -1.50 percent in the fourth quarter of 2009. In Australia, Producer Prices Change measures the average change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Producer Prices Change - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Exports to India in Australia increased to 1162575.16 AUD THO in March from 1046432.57 AUD THO in February of 2020. Exports to India in Australia averaged 552638.89 AUD THO from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1763000 AUD THO in September of 2008 and a record low of 32000 AUD THO in January of 1989. This page includes a chart with historical data for Australia Exports to India.

The inflation rate in Mali was recorded at -1.40 percent in March of 2020. Inflation Rate in Mali averaged 1.71 percent from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12.80 percent in September of 2008 and a record low of -10.16 percent in December of 2004. In Mali, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods. This page provides the latest reported value for - Mali Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The inflation rate in Australia was recorded at 2.20 percent in the first quarter of 2020. Inflation Rate in Australia averaged 4.94 percent from 1951 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 23.90 percent in the fourth quarter of 1951 and a record low of -1.30 percent in the second quarter of 1962. In Australia, the most important categories in the consumer price index are housing (22.3 percent of the total weight), food and non–alcoholic beverages (16.8 percent), recreation and culture (12.6 percent), transport (11.6 percent), furnishings, household equipment and services (9.1 percent), alcohol and tobacco (7.1 percent), health (5.3 percent) and insurance and financial services (5.1 percent). Clothing and footwear, education and communication account for remaining 10.2 percent of total weight. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The inflation rate in Somalia was recorded at 5.20 percent in March of 2020. Inflation Rate in Somalia averaged 15.95 percent from 1961 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 216 percent in December of 1990 and a record low of -15 percent in December of 2010. In Somalia, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods. The most important categories in the Somali consumer price index are Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (46 percent of the total weight) and Housing, Water, Electricity & Gas (23 percent), followed by Clothing & Footwear (5 percent), Health (5 percent), Transport (4 percent), Furnishing, Households & Maintenance (3 percent), Communication (3 percent), Tobacco & Narcotics (1 percent), and Recreation & Culture (1 percent). This page provides - Somalia Inflation Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Manufacturing PMI in Australia decreased to 35.80 points in April from 53.70 points in March of 2020. Manufacturing PMI in Australia averaged 50.69 points from 1992 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 62.50 points in March of 2018 and a record low of 29.47 points in February of 2009. Ai Group Manufacturing PMI Index measures the performance of the manufacturing sector and is derived from a survey of 200 industrial companies. It is composite index based on the diffusion indices for production, new orders, deliveries, inventories and employment with varying weights. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the manufacturing sector compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Manufacturing PMI - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Australia recorded a government debt equivalent to 45.10 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2019. Government Debt to GDP in Australia averaged 24.41 percent from 1989 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 45.10 percent in 2019 and a record low of 9.70 percent in 2007. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Australia Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Consumer Price Index in Somalia increased 2.10 percent in March of 2020 over the previous month. Inflation Rate Mom in Somalia averaged 0.29 percent from 2018 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3.70 percent in April of 2019 and a record low of -1.39 percent in January of 2019. In Somalia, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods. The most important categories in the Somali consumer price index are Food & Non-Alcoholic Beverages (46 percent of the total weight) and Housing, Water, Electricity & Gas (23 percent), followed by Clothing & Footwear (5 percent), Health (5 percent), Transport (4 percent), Furnishing, Households & Maintenance (3 percent), Communication (3 percent), Tobacco & Narcotics (1 percent), and Recreation & Culture (1 percent). This page provides - Somalia Inflation Rate MoM- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.