In a new photography book, the home computer revolution of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s is told through nostalgic industrial-design images

As of February 21, 2014, PMC became home to three million articles! As listed on our home page, the content has been provided in part by 1441 full participation journals, 277 NIH Portfolio journals and 2470 selective deposit journals. For related information on PMC milestones, see these announcements from 2007 and 2010, respectively.

Does infant temperament predict adult personality and life-course patterns? To date, there is scant evidence examining relations between child temperament and adult outcomes, and extant research has relied on limited methods for measuring temperament such as maternal report. This prospective longitudinal study followed a cohort of infants (n = 165)...

Mechanical heterogeneity of a sedimentary sequence exerts a primary control on the geometry of fault zones and the proportion of offset accommodated by folding. The Wildensbuch Fault Zone in the Swiss Molasse Basin, with a maximum throw of 40 m, intersects a Mesozoic section containing a thick (120 m) clay-dominated unit (Opalinus Clay) over- and underlain by more competent limestone units. Interpretation of a 3D seismic reflection survey indicates that the fault zone formed by upward propagation of an east–west-trending basement structure, through the Mesozoic section, in response to NE–SW Miocene extension. This configuration formed an array of left-stepping normal fault segments above and below the Opalinus Clay. In cross-section a broad monoclinal fold is observed in the Opalinus Clay. Folding, however, is not ubiquitous and occurs in the Opalinus Clay where fault segments above and below are oblique to one another; where they are parallel the fault passes through the Opalinus Clay with little folding. These observations demonstrate that, even in strongly heterogeneous sequences, here a four-fold difference in both Young's modulus and cohesion between layers, the occurrence of folding may depend on the local relationship between fault geometry and applied stress field rather than rheological properties alone.

Asja Guzman, Rachel C. Avard, Alexander J. Devanny, Oh Sang Kweon, and Laura J. Kaufman

The study of cancer cell invasion in 3D environments in vitro has revealed a variety of invasive modes, including amoeboid migration, characterized by primarily round cells that invade in a protease- and adhesion-independent manner. Here, we delineate a contractility-dependent migratory mode of primarily round breast cancer cells that is associated with extensive integrin-mediated extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization that occurs at membrane blebs, with bleb necks sites of integrin clustering and integrin-dependent ECM alignment. We show that the spatiotemporal distribution of blebs and their utilization for ECM reorganization is mediated by functional β1 integrin receptors and other components of focal adhesions. Taken together, the work presented here characterizes a migratory mode of primarily round cancer cells in complex 3D environments and reveals a fundamentally new function for membrane blebs in cancer cell invasion.

Dietary protein residue can result in microbial generation of various toxic metabolites in the gut, such as ammonia. A prebiotic is "a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit" (G. R. Gibson, R. Hutkins, M. E. Sanders, S. L. Prescott, et al., Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:491–502, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75). Prebiotics are carbohydrates that may have the potential to reverse the harmful effects of gut bacterial protein fermentation. Three-stage continuous colonic model systems were inoculated with fecal samples from omnivore and vegetarian volunteers. Casein (equivalent to 105 g protein consumption per day) was used within the systems as a protein source. Two different doses of inulin-type fructans (Synergy1) were later added (equivalent to 10 g per day in vivo and 15 g per day) to assess whether this influenced protein fermentation. Bacteria were enumerated by fluorescence in situ hybridization with flow cytometry. Metabolites from bacterial fermentation (short-chain fatty acid [SCFA], ammonia, phenol, indole, and p-cresol) were monitored to further analyze proteolysis and the prebiotic effect. A significantly higher number of bifidobacteria was observed with the addition of inulin together with reduction of Desulfovibrio spp. Furthermore, metabolites from protein fermentation, such as branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and ammonia, were significantly lowered with Synergy1. Production of p-cresol varied among donors, as we recognized four high producing models and two low producing models. Prebiotic addition reduced its production only in vegetarian high p-cresol producers.

IMPORTANCE Dietary protein levels are generally higher in Western populations than in the world average. We challenged three-stage continuous colonic model systems containing high protein levels and confirmed the production of potentially harmful metabolites from proteolysis, especially replicates of the transverse and distal colon. Fermentations of proteins with a prebiotic supplementation resulted in a change in the human gut microbiota and inhibited the production of some proteolytic metabolites. Moreover, we observed both bacterial and metabolic differences between fecal bacteria from omnivore donors and vegetarian donors. Proteins with prebiotic supplementation showed higher Bacteroides spp. and inhibited Clostridium cluster IX in omnivore models, while in vegetarian modes, Clostridium cluster IX was higher and Bacteroides spp. lower with high protein plus prebiotic supplementation. Synergy1 addition inhibited p-cresol production in vegetarian high p-cresol-producing models while the inhibitory effect was not seen in omnivore models.

At about 6300 km, Chang Jiang or Long River (长江) is the longest river in Asia and third longest in the world. It is the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country and plays a large role in the history, culture, and economy of China. For thousands of years, the river has been used for water, irrigation, sanitation, transportation, industry, boundary-marking, and war. Passing through 10 provinces, it commences its flow from the Tanggula Mountains (唐古拉山) in ethnic Tibetan Qinghai (青海) Province in northwest China and ends at the East China Sea in Shanghai (上海). Along the middle reaches of the river, between the western upstream Baidi City (白帝城) of Chongqing (重庆) Municipality and Yichang (宜昌) city of Hubei (湖北) Province downstream, the river passes through 3 adjacent gorges, known as the Three Gorges (三峡): Qutang, Wuxia, and Xiling gorge (瞿塘, 巫峡, 西陵峡) cutting through the Wu Mountains (巫山). Spanning a distance of about 120 km, these gorges are noted for their natural beauty: unusual-looking mountain peaks ranging from 800 m to 2000 m, precipitous valleys, dense forest, and spectacular landscape. Many ancient government officials, scholars, poets, and painters visited the Three Gorges and left their impressions and praises in writings. Archeological discoveries in recent years have shown for the first time that the Three Gorges area should be recognized as the birthplace of Chinese civilization.

Home moving is surely a hassle. Luckily, a little preparation work can mean the difference between a minor headache and an all-out life takeover.

Along with the recovery of market, property investment also rebounds with new trends. Here are three new trends of property investment that become more and more popular in 2015.

In a new photography book, the home computer revolution of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s is told through nostalgic industrial-design images

NASA has awarded $967 million to three space flight companies – Blue Origin, Dynetics and SpaceX – to build lunar landers that will be part of the Artemis programme to send humans to the moon by 2024

The auction for the Port of Melbourne has come down to a three-way race with bidders lodging indicative bids.

It’s almost here! We play your…insightful E3 voicemails. Then we give our…questionable E3 predictions. Finally, we give you some E3 plushies just for you, our...

FFXIV gets chocobos. Theatrhythm gets Mana. Browsers get SaGa. Vita gets TitS. And you get a new RPGCast. Happy new year!

Fresh cases of Ebola have been detected just days before the deadly epidemic in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo was to be declared over

The U.S. space agency selected Blue Origin, SpaceX, and Dynetics as contenders to design and manufacture the next moon-landing spacecraft.

The different hominid species, possibly including the oldest-known Homo erectus, existed in the region's hills and caves

Follow our live Covid-19 update HERE Coronavirus: The symptoms

Read our live coronavirus updates HERE

Read our live coronavirus updates HERE

Read our live coronavirus updates HERE

Follow our live coronavirus updates HERE Coronavirus: the symptoms

Read our live updates on coronavirus HERE Coronavirus: The symptoms

A sick child died after their mother was kept on hold by the NHS 111 helpline for more than an hour as she desperately sought medical help.

The ruling Democratic Party and a satellite party it created to win proportional representative seats combined to win 180 seats in the 300-seat National Assembly, election officials on Thursday.

Follow our live Covid-19 updates here

Follow our live coronavirus updates HERE Coronavirus: the symptoms

Three new wildfires have broken out in the radiation-contaminated evacuation zone around the wrecked Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine.

Coronavirus: The symptoms

Matt Hancock will today be grilled by MPs as he faces questions over the UK's coronavirus response after the nationwide lockdown measures were extended for three more weeks.

Follow our live coronavirus updates HERE

Donald Trump has tweeted his support for coronavirus lockdown protests in parts of the US as he called for three states to be "liberated" from stay-at-home orders.

Police are hunting two masked men who set off a bomb inside an Indian restaurant outside Toronto, injuring at least 15 people.

Three men have been arrested on suspicion of firearms offences after failing to stop for police.

Michael Gove insisted the Government "should not be thinking of lifting" lockdown restrictions yet as he launched a staunch defence of Boris Johnson's management of the coronavirus crisis.

Police in Barnsley have launched an investigation after a three-year-old girl had spit wiped on her face by a teenage cyclist.

A three-week-old girl has recovered from coronavirus to the delight of her parents.

A seven-year-old boy accidentally killed his three-year-old sister after shooting her with an unsecured shotgun in Colorado, police said.

Three London Ambulance Service staff were today revealed to have died with coronavirus.

A three-year-old girl has been rushed to hospital with serious injuries after being hit by a car near a supermarket.

A further four tigers and three lions have tested positive for coronavirus at the Bronx Zoo after a four-year-old Malaysian tiger contracted the disease earlier this month.

A 44-year-old man has been charged with attempted murder after being allegedly linked to three stabbings in north London.

Two young children have been stabbed to death at a property in east London.

You can donate here virginmoneygiving.com/fund/FoodforLondonNOW

A smartphone app designed to help curb the spread of coronavirus when the lockdown is eased should be ready "two to three weeks", MPs have been told.

Two young children who were stabbed to death in an attack at their home in east London have been named by police.

Britons could be limited to two or three drinks when pubs reopen, a government adviser has suggested.

A man who played "Russian roulette" with three women's health by failing to disclose he had HIV has been jailed for eight years.