This paper charts the key changes in equity markets over the last decade or so which may affect the conditions for corporate governance. It also provides a brief overview of related policy discussions and selected national initiatives that have been taken as a response to equity market developments.

Exports (Fob): Mfc Prds - Motor Cars,Tractor Parts & Accessories in Brazil decreased to 63 USD Million in April from 132 USD Million in March of 2020. Exports (Fob): Mfc Prds - Motor Cars,Tractor Parts in Brazil averaged 160.64 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 393.86 USD Million in August of 2011 and a record low of 26.81 USD Million in February of 1991. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Exports of : Mfc Prds - Motor Cars,tractor P.

Exports (Fob): Primary Prds - Not Carded Or Combed Cotton in Brazil decreased to 141 USD Million in April from 222.92 USD Million in March of 2020. Exports (Fob): Primary Prds - Not Carded Or Combed in Brazil averaged 54.11 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 484.80 USD Million in January of 2020 and a record low of 0 USD Million in September of 1993. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Exports of : Primary Prds - Not Carded Or Co.

Imports from Nicaragua in Germany decreased to 3927 EUR THO in February from 6011 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports from Nicaragua in Germany averaged 3017.73 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 10486 EUR THO in September of 2019 and a record low of 480 EUR THO in December of 2002. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports from Nicaragua.

Imports from Madagascar in Germany decreased to 12344 EUR THO in February from 26809 EUR THO in January of 2020. Imports from Madagascar in Germany averaged 9545.06 EUR THO from 2000 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 34289 EUR THO in December of 2016 and a record low of 1526 EUR THO in May of 2006. This page includes a chart with historical data for Germany Imports from Madagascar.

Car Production in Australia decreased to 1 Units in November from 1825 Units in October of 2017. Car Production in Australia averaged 20911.40 Units from 2004 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 39306 Units in November of 2004 and a record low of 1 Units in November of 2017. This page provides - Australia Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in South Korea decreased to 3950617 in 2019 from 4028834 in 2018. Car Production in South Korea averaged 3774318.77 from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 4657094 in 2011 and a record low of 1954494 in 1998. This page provides - South Korea Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in France decreased to 2202460 Units in 2019 from 2269600 Units in 2018. Car Production in France averaged 2687802.32 Units from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 3701870 Units in 2002 and a record low of 1740220 Units in 2013. This page provides - France Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in China increased to 1049000 Units in March from 195000 Units in February of 2020. Car Production in China averaged 1269097.13 Units from 2005 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2669100 Units in November of 2017 and a record low of 195000 Units in February of 2020. This page provides - China Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in the United States decreased to 1.70 Million Units in March from 2.62 Million Units in February of 2020. Car Production in the United States averaged 5.90 Million Units from 1967 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 9.92 Million Units in April of 1978 and a record low of 1.29 Million Units in January of 2009. This page provides - United States Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Spain decreased to 1154 Hundred Units in March from 2081 Hundred Units in February of 2020. Car Production in Spain averaged 1519.60 Hundred Units from 1980 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2504 Hundred Units in June of 2004 and a record low of 139 Hundred Units in August of 1981. This page provides - Spain Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Poland decreased to 20.10 Thousand Units in March from 41.90 Thousand Units in February of 2020. Car Production in Poland averaged 46.70 Thousand Units from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 85.50 Thousand Units in April of 2008 and a record low of 4 Thousand Units in August of 2002. This page provides - Poland Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in the United Kingdom decreased to 78767 Units in March from 122171 Units in February of 2020. Car Production in the United Kingdom averaged 114673.27 Units from 1977 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 185157 Units in March of 2000 and a record low of 43773 Units in August of 1979. This page provides - United Kingdom Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Japan increased to 666947 Units in February from 659155 Units in January of 2020. Car Production in Japan averaged 687884.81 Units from 1980 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 961994 Units in March of 2006 and a record low of 249772 Units in April of 2011. This page provides - Japan Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Portugal decreased to 13686 Units in March from 25002 Units in February of 2020. Car Production in Portugal averaged 15425.03 Units from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 186996 Units in December of 1999 and a record low of 806 Units in August of 2004. This page provides - Portugal Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Mexico decreased to 3.72 Thousand Units in April from 261.41 Thousand Units in March of 2020. Car Production in Mexico averaged 164.55 Thousand Units from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 381.99 Thousand Units in October of 2017 and a record low of 3.72 Thousand Units in April of 2020. In Mexico, Car Production refers to total production of vehicles. This page provides - Mexico Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Brazil decreased to 1800 Units in April from 189958 Units in March of 2020. Car Production in Brazil averaged 111807.29 Units from 1957 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 352531 Units in April of 2013 and a record low of 1800 Units in April of 2020. In Brazil, car production measures the total number of manufactured cars including passenger cars, trucks and buses in the reference month. This page provides - Brazil Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Germany decreased to 10900 Units in April from 287900 Units in March of 2020. Car Production in Germany averaged 449056.56 Units from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 583399 Units in March of 2011 and a record low of 10900 Units in April of 2020. This page provides - Germany Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Car Production in Argentina decreased to 0 Units in April from 19164 Units in March of 2020. Car Production in Argentina averaged 36970.54 Units from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 81868 Units in August of 2011 and a record low of 0 Units in April of 2020. This page provides - Argentina Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

IP Addresses in Madagascar increased to 34386 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 31727 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Madagascar averaged 18002.21 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 34386 IP in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 3167 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for MadagascarIP Addresses.

Temperature in Madagascar increased to 20.40 celsius in August from 19.53 celsius in July of 2013. Temperature in Madagascar averaged 22.75 celsius from 1787 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 26.67 celsius in January of 1998 and a record low of 18.19 celsius in July of 1907. This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Temperature.

Wages High Skilled in Madagascar increased to 829600 MGA/Month in 2018 from 826100 MGA/Month in 2017. Wages High Skilled in Madagascar averaged 794900 MGA/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 829600 MGA/Month in 2018 and a record low of 735300 MGA/Month in 2015. High Skilled Wages refer to highest estimate of wage of workers doing high-skilled jobs, calculated from sample of wages collected by WageIndicator surveys.

Military Expenditure in Madagascar increased to 72.90 USD Million in 2018 from 66.90 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Madagascar averaged 76.32 USD Million from 1964 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 133 USD Million in 1979 and a record low of 42.80 USD Million in 1964.

Madagascar recorded a Current Account deficit of 2 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Current Account to GDP in Madagascar averaged -6.96 percent from 1974 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 0.60 percent in 2016 and a record low of -21.10 percent in 2009. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Madagascar Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Madagascar recorded a Current Account deficit of 42.50 DTS Million in the third quarter of 2019. Current Account in Madagascar averaged -163.42 DTS Million from 1974 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 169.10 DTS Million in the fourth quarter of 2016 and a record low of -572.90 DTS Million in the fourth quarter of 2007. Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid). This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Current Account - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Industrial Production in Madagascar increased 0.80 percent in the fourth quarter of 2016 over the same quarter in the previous year. Industrial Production in Madagascar averaged 0.90 Percentage from 2011 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 13.30 Percentage in the fourth quarter of 2013 and a record low of -15.23 Percentage in the second quarter of 2012. This page provides - Madagascar Industrial Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Foreign Direct Investment in Madagascar increased by 1251.50 MGA Billion in 2013. Foreign Direct Investment in Madagascar averaged 2188.86 MGA Billion from 2000 until 2013, reaching an all time high of 7716.70 MGA Billion in 2009 and a record low of 530.60 MGA Billion in 2005. This page provides - Madagascar Foreign Direct Investment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Madagascar scored 24 points out of 100 on the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Index in Madagascar averaged 27.78 Points from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 34 Points in 2008 and a record low of 17 Points in 2002. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory’s score indicates the perceived level of public sector corruption on a scale of 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean). This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Corruption Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Madagascar is the 158 least corrupt nation out of 175 countries, according to the 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Madagascar averaged 114.50 from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 158 in 2019 and a record low of 82 in 2004. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. A country or territory's rank indicates its position relative to the other countries and territories in the index. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Corruption Rank - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Exports in Madagascar increased to 917819 million MGA in December from 867920 million MGA in November of 2019. Exports in Madagascar averaged 447812.52 million MGA from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1081927 million MGA in December of 2018 and a record low of 51994 million MGA in June of 2016. Madagascar’s political crisis brought a shift in the country’s export sheet. Previously a net exporter of apparel, Madagascar exports are now essentially agricultural and mineral. Main exports are: graphite, chromite, shrimp, coffee, vanilla and sugar. Madagascar main export partners are: China, France, Indonesia and United States. This page provides - Madagascar Exports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports in Madagascar decreased to 1112069 million MGA in December from 1191435 million MGA in November of 2019. Imports in Madagascar averaged 706893.22 million MGA from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1386304 million MGA in October of 2018 and a record low of 253874 million MGA in October of 2011. Madagascar main imports are: fuel (27 percent of total imports), capital equipment (20 percent) and foodstuffs. Madagascar main import partners are: France, China, South Africa and Singapore. This page provides - Madagascar Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Madagascar recorded a trade deficit of 194250 million MGA in December of 2019. Balance of Trade in Madagascar averaged -259072.01 million MGA from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 177517 million MGA in December of 2018 and a record low of -772177 million MGA in June of 2016. Madagascar’s systemic trade deficit is due to the country’s dependency on the imports of fuel and capital equipment. Madagascar is a net exporter of graphite, coffee and vanilla. Main trading partners are: France, China and Indonesia. This page provides - Madagascar Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Unemployment Rate in Madagascar decreased to 1.60 percent in 2019 from 1.70 percent in 2018. Unemployment Rate in Madagascar averaged 3.73 percent from 1991 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 5.80 percent in 1992 and a record low of 0.60 percent in 2012. In Madagascar, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force. This page provides - Madagascar Unemployment Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Electricity Production in Madagascar increased to 159.27 Gigawatt-hour in December from 153.25 Gigawatt-hour in November of 2019. Electricity Production in Madagascar averaged 135.96 Gigawatt-hour from 2012 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 164.58 Gigawatt-hour in July of 2019 and a record low of 106.39 Gigawatt-hour in February of 2013. This page provides - Madagascar Electricity Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The inflation rate in Madagascar was recorded at 4 percent in December of 2019. Inflation Rate in Madagascar averaged 8.86 percent from 1997 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 30.40 percent in February of 2005 and a record low of -8.50 percent in June of 2003. In Madagascar, the inflation rate measures a broad rise or fall in prices that consumers pay for a standard basket of goods. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Inflation Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Consumer Price Index in Madagascar increased 0.60 percent in December of 2019 over the previous month. Inflation Rate Mom in Madagascar averaged 0.68 percent from 2001 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 7.90 percent in March of 2002 and a record low of -3.80 percent in July of 2002. Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services. This page provides - Madagascar Inflation Rate MoM- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cost of food in Madagascar increased 3.20 percent in December of 2019 over the same month in the previous year. Food Inflation in Madagascar averaged 9.50 percent from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 50.84 percent in February of 2005 and a record low of -10.27 percent in June of 2003. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Food Inflation - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Madagascar was worth 12.80 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank and projections from Trading Economics. The GDP value of Madagascar represents 0.01 percent of the world economy. GDP in Madagascar averaged 4.29 USD Billion from 1960 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 12.80 USD Billion in 2019 and a record low of 0.67 USD Billion in 1960. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar GDP - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The total population in Madagascar was estimated at 26.9 million people in 2019, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. Looking back, in the year of 1960, Madagascar had a population of 5.1 million people. The population of Madagascar represents 0.31 percent of the world´s total population which arguably means that one person in every 327 people on the planet is a resident of Madagascar. This page provides the latest reported value for - Madagascar Population - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Madagascar increased to 118 points in March of 2020 from 117.60 points in February of 2020. CPI Transportation in Madagascar averaged 213.28 points from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 333.30 points in November of 2015 and a record low of 97 points in March of 2016. This page provides - Madagascar Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Madagascar increased to 133.40 points in March from 132.30 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Madagascar averaged 234.91 points from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 487.40 points in December of 2015 and a record low of 97.20 points in January of 2016. This page provides - Madagascar Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Madagascar thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Madagascar as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Madagascar recorded 193 Coronavirus Cases since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Madagascar did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far. This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Coronavirus Cases.

Madagascar did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Coronavirus Deaths.

Madagascar recorded 101 Coronavirus Recovered since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Madagascar did not report any Coronavirus Deaths so far. This page includes a chart with historical data for Madagascar Coronavirus Recovered.

Madagascar recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 2.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Budget in Madagascar averaged -2.73 percent of GDP from 2000 until 2018, reaching an all time high of -0.39 percent of GDP in 2006 and a record low of -4.65 percent of GDP in 2005. Government Budget is an itemized accounting of the payments received by government (taxes and other fees) and the payments made by government (purchases and transfer payments). A budget deficit occurs when an government spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit is a budget surplus. This page provides - Madagascar Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports: Flat-Rolled Products Of Carbon Steel (Cmlv) in Russia increased to 481.20 USD Million in February from 248.30 USD Million in January of 2020. Exports: Flat-Rolled Products Of Carbon Steel (Cml in Russia averaged 2103.91 USD Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 6104.60 USD Million in December of 2008 and a record low of 0 USD Million in January of 1996. Russia accounts for Exports of Flat-rolled Products of Carbon St using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for Russia Exports of Flat-rolled Products of Carbon Steel (.

Imports of Passenger Cars , Usd CMLV in Russia increased to 702.30 USD Million in February from 266 USD Million in January of 2020. Imports of Passenger Cars , Usd CMLV in Russia averaged 4427.03 USD Million from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 30267.40 USD Million in December of 2008 and a record low of 9.50 USD Million in January of 1999. Russia accounts for Imports of Passenger Cars , Usd using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for Russia Imports of Passenger Cars , Usd CMLV.

Car Production in Russia decreased to 110.90 Thousand Units in March from 117.80 Thousand Units in February of 2020. Car Production in Russia averaged 107.20 Thousand Units from 1999 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 187 Thousand Units in November of 2013 and a record low of 18.20 Thousand Units in January of 2009. This page provides - Russia Car Production- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Corporate Tax Rate in Madagascar stands at 20 percent. Corporate Tax Rate in Madagascar averaged 22.14 percent from 2007 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 30 percent in 2008 and a record low of 20 percent in 2013. In Madagascar, the Corporate Income tax rate is a tax collected from companies. Its amount is based on the net income companies obtain while exercising their business activity, normally during one business year. The benchmark we use refers to the highest rate for Corporate Income. Revenues from the Corporate Tax Rate are an important source of income for the government of Madagascar. This page provides - Madagascar Corporate Tax Rate - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.