sin Ces invisibles assassins du Congo By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 16 Nov 2005 23:00:00 GMT Full Article
sin Burundi: Finalising Peace with the FNL By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 27 Aug 2007 22:00:00 GMT Full Article
sin DR Congo's Electoral Law for 2011: Choosing Continuity By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 14 Jul 2011 22:00:00 GMT On 15 June 2011 the Congolese Parliament adopted, after nearly three months of de-bate, the new electoral law. The Senate, or upper house, controlled by the opposition, and the National Assembly, or lower house, controlled by the ruling coalition, both voted for an electoral law which ultimately remains very similar to that governing the 2006 elections. Parliament took three months of debate to reject most of the amend-ments proposed by the ruling party (PPRD). In doing so it demonstrated that the ex-ecutive could not simply trump its interests. Full Article
sin Cameroon’s Rising Religious Tensions By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 07 Sep 2015 22:00:00 GMT The image of Cameroon as an island of peace amidst regional turmoil ended in 2013, when Boko Haram’s violence first crossed the Nigerian border. The militant group is affiliated with so-called Islamic State or Daesh, and even renamed itself Islamic State in West Africa earlier this year. But the brutal form of African jihadism it represents is hardly a result of the Islamic State’s rise in Iraq and Syria. In fact, it is in part a consequence of Africa’s changing religious landscape – not least in Cameroon. Full Article
sin Why Are We Using Standardized Tests? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 02 Oct 2014 00:00:00 +0000 What should be included in a measure of school quality? If not by standardized test scores, how should we measure student achievement? Julian Vasquez Heilig and I each have some thoughts. Full Article Assessment+Accountability+Achievement
sin Significant efficacy of single low dose primaquine compared to stand alone artemisinin combination therapy in reducing gametocyte carriage in Cambodian patients with uncomplicated multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria [Epidemiology and Surveil By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-16T08:17:37-07:00 Since 2012, single low dose of primaquine (SLDPQ, 0.25mg/kg) has been recommended with artemisinin-based combination therapies, as first-line treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, to interrupt its transmission, especially in low transmission settings of multidrug, including artemisinin, resistance. Policy makers in Cambodia have been reluctant to implement this recommendation due to primaquine safety concerns and lack of data on its efficacy.In this randomized controlled trial, 109 Cambodians with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria received dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) alone or combined with SLDPQ on the first treatment day. Transmission-blocking efficacy of SLDPQ was evaluated on Days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and recrudescence by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (gametocyte prevalence) and membrane-feeding assays with Anopheles minimus mosquitoes (gametocyte infectivity). Without the influence of recrudescent infections, DP+SLDPQ reduced gametocyte carriage 3 fold compared to DP. Of 48 patients tested on Day 0, only three patients were infectious to mosquitoes (~6%). Post-treatment, three patients were infectious: on D14 (3.5%, 1/29), and on the first and seventh day of recrudescence (8.3%, 1/12 for each); this overall low infectivity precluded our ability to assess its transmission blocking efficacy.Our study confirms effective gametocyte clearance of SLDPQ when combined with DP in multidrug resistant P. falciparum and the negative impact of recrudescent infections due to poor DP efficacy. Artesunate-mefloquine (ASMQ) has replaced DP and ASMQ-SLDPQ has been deployed to treat all P. falciparum symptomatic patients to further support the elimination of multidrug resistant P. falciparum in Cambodia. Full Article
sin The Als3 cell wall adhesin plays a critical role in human Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1)-induced cell death and aggregation in Candida albicans [Mechanisms of Resistance] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-23T08:47:35-07:00 Antimicrobial peptides and proteins play critical roles in the host defense against invading pathogens. We recently discovered that recombinantly expressed human and mouse serum amyloid A1 (rhSAA1 and rmSAA1) proteins have potent antifungal activities against the major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. At high concentrations, rhSAA1 disrupts C. albicans membrane integrity and induces rapid fungal cell death. In the current study, we find that rhSAA1 promotes cell aggregation and targets the C. albicans cell wall adhesin Als3. Inactivation of ALS3 in C. albicans leads to a striking decrease in cell aggregation and cell death upon rhSAA1 treatment, suggesting that Als3 plays a critical role in SAA1 sensing. We further demonstrate that deletion of the transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of ALS3, such as AHR1, BCR1, and EFG1 in C. albicans results in similar effects to that of the als3/als3 mutant upon rhSAA1 treatment. Global gene expression profiling indicates that rhSAA1 has a discernible impact on the expression of cell wall- and metabolism-related genes, suggesting that rhSAA1 treatment could lead to a nutrient starvation effect on C. albicans cells. Full Article
sin Towards harmonization of voriconazole CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints for Candida albicans using a validated in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model [Susceptibility] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-30T10:04:32-07:00 Background. CLSI and EUCAST susceptibility breakpoints for voriconazole and C. albicans differ by one dilution (≤0.125 and ≤0.06 mg/l, respectively) whereas the epidemiological cutoff values (ECOFF/ECV) with both methodologies are the same (0.03 mg/L). We therefore determined the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints of voriconazole against C. albicans for both methodologies with an in vitro PK/PD model, which was validated using existing animal PK/PD data.Methods. Four clinical wild-type and non-wild-type C. albicans isolates (voriconazole MICs 0.008-0.125 mg/l) were tested in an in vitro PK/PD model. For validation purposes, mouse PK were simulated and in vitro PD were compared with in vivo outcome. Human PK were simulated and the exposure-effect relationship fAUC0-24/MIC was described for EUCAST and CLSI24/48h methods. PK/PD breakpoints were determined using the fAUC0-24/MIC associated with half-maximal activity (EI50) and Monte Carlo simulation analysis.Results. The in vitro 24h-PD EI50 of voriconazole against C. albicans were 2.5-5 (1.5-17) fAUC/MIC. However, the 72h-PD were higher, 133 (51-347) fAUC/MIC for EUCAST and 94 (35-252) fAUC/MIC for CLSI. The mean (95% confidence interval) probability of target attainment (PTA) was 100(95-100)%, 97(72-100)%, 83(35-99)%, and 49(8-91)% and 100(97-100)%, 99(85-100)%, 91(52-100)% and 68(17-96)% for EUCAST and CLSI MICs 0.03, 0.06, 0.125, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Significantly, >95% PTAs were found for EUCAST/CLSI MICs ≤0.03 mg/ll. For MICs 0.06-0.125 mg/l trough levels 1-4 mg/ll would be required.Conclusion. A PK/PD breakpoint of C. albicans voriconazole at the ECOFF/ECV of 0.03 mg/L was determined for both EUCAST/CLSI methods, indicating the need for breakpoint harmonization for the reference methodologies. Full Article
sin Spectrum of Beta-Lactamase Inhibition by the Cyclic Boronate QPX7728, an Ultra-Broad-Spectrum Beta-lactamase Inhibitor of Serine and Metallo Beta-Lactamases: Enhancement of Activity of Multiple Antibiotics Against Isogenic Strains Expressing Single {beta} By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-30T10:04:32-07:00 QPX7728 is an ultra-broad-spectrum boronic acid beta-lactamase inhibitor with potent inhibition of key serine and metallo beta-lactamases observed in biochemical assays. Microbiological studies using characterized strains were used to provide a comprehensive characterization of the spectrum of beta-lactamase inhibition by QPX7728. The MIC of multiple IV only (ceftazidime, piperacillin, cefepime, ceftolozane and meropenem) and orally bioavailable (ceftibuten, cefpodoxime, tebipenem) antibiotics alone and in combination with QPX7728 (4 μg/ml), as well as comparator agents, were determined against the panels of laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae expressing over 55 diverse serine and metallo beta-lactamases. QPX7728 significantly enhanced the potency of antibiotics against the strains expressing Class A extended spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M, SHV, TEM, VEB, PER) and carbapenemases (KPC, SME, NMC-A, BKC-1), consistent with beta-lactamase inhibition demonstrated in biochemical assays. It also inhibits both plasmidic (CMY, FOX, MIR, DHA) and chromosomally encoded (P99, PDC, ADC) Class C beta-lactamases and Class D enzymes including carbapenemases such as OXA-48 from Enterobacteriaceae and OXA enzymes from Acinetobacter baumannii (OXA-23/24/72/58). QPX7728 is also a potent inhibitor of many class B metallo beta-lactamases (NDM, VIM, CcrA1, IMP, GIM but not SPM or L1). Addition of QPX7728 (4 μg/ml) reduced the MICs in a majority of strains to the level observed for the vector alone control, indicative of complete beta-lactamase inhibition. The ultra-broad-spectrum beta-lactamase inhibition profile makes QPX7728 a viable candidate for further development. Full Article
sin Rapid-Release Griffithsin Fibers for the Dual Prevention of HSV-2 and HIV-1 Infections [Antiviral Agents] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-03-30T10:04:32-07:00 The biologic Griffithsin (GRFT) has recently emerged as a candidate to safely prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). However, to date, there are few delivery platforms that are available to effectively deliver biologics to the female reproductive tract (FRT). The goal of this work was to evaluate rapid-release polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers, that incorporate GRFT, in in vitro (HIV-1 and HSV-2) and in vivo (HSV-2) infection models. GRFT loading was determined via ELISA, and the bioactivity of GRFT fibers was assessed using in vitro HIV-1 pseudovirus and HSV-2 plaque assays. Afterwards, the efficacy of GRFT fibers was assessed in a murine model of lethal HSV-2 infection. Finally, murine reproductive tracts and vaginal lavages were evaluated for histology and cytokine expression, 24 and 72 hr after fiber administration, to determine safety. All rapid-release formulations achieved high levels of GRFT incorporation and were completely efficacious against in vitro HIV-1 and HSV-2 infections. Importantly, all rapid-release GRFT fibers provided potent protection in a murine model of HSV-2 infection. Moreover, histology and cytokine levels, evaluated from collected murine reproductive tissues and vaginal lavages treated with blank fibers, showed no increased cytokine production or histological aberrations, demonstrating the preliminary safety of rapid-release GRFT fibers in vaginal tissue. Full Article
sin Novel peptide from commensal Staphylococcus simulans blocks MRSA quorum sensing and protects host skin from damage [Mechanisms of Action] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-06T08:49:25-07:00 Recent studies highlight the abundance of commensal coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) on healthy skin. Evidence suggests that CoNS actively shape the skin immunological and microbial milieu to resist colonization or infection by opportunistic pathogens, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in a variety of mechanisms collectively termed colonization resistance. One potential colonization resistance mechanism is the application of quorum sensing, also called the Accessory Gene Regulator (agr) system, which is ubiquitous among staphylococci. Common and rare CoNS make autoinducing peptides (AIPs) that function as MRSA agr inhibitors, protecting the host from invasive infection. In a screen of CoNS spent media we found that Staphylococcus simulans, a rare human skin colonizer and frequent livestock colonizer, released potent inhibitors of all classes of MRSA agr signaling. We identified three S. simulans agr classes, and have shown intraspecies cross-talk between non-cognate S. simulans agr types for the first time. The S. simulans AIP-I structure was confirmed, and the novel AIP-II and AIP-III structures were solved via mass spectrometry. Synthetic S. simulans AIPs inhibited MRSA agr signaling with nanomolar potency. S. simulans in competition with MRSA reduced dermonecrotic and epicutaneous skin injury in murine models. Addition of synthetic AIP-I also effectively reduced MRSA dermonecrosis and epicutaneous skin injury in murine models. These results demonstrate potent anti-MRSA quorum sensing inhibition by a rare human skin commensal, and suggest that cross-talk between CoNS and MRSA may be important in maintaining healthy skin homeostasis and preventing MRSA skin damage during colonization or acute infection. Full Article
sin Repurposing the antiamoebic drug diiodohydroxyquinoline for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections [Experimental Therapeutics] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-06T08:49:25-07:00 Clostridioides difficile, the leading cause of nosocomial infections, is an urgent health threat worldwide. The increased incidence and severity of disease, the high recurrence rates, and the dearth of effective anticlostridial drugs have created an urgent need for new therapeutic agents. In an effort to discover new drugs for treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs), we investigated a panel of FDA-approved antiparasitic drugs against C. difficile and identified diiodohydroxyquinoline (DIHQ), an FDA-approved oral antiamoebic drug. DIHQ exhibited potent activity against 39 C. difficile isolates, inhibiting growth of 50% and 90% of these isolates at the concentrations of 0.5 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively. In a time-kill assay, DIHQ was superior to vancomycin and metronidazole, reducing a high bacterial inoculum by 3-log10 within six hours. Furthermore, DIHQ reacted synergistically with vancomycin and metronidazole against C. difficile in vitro. Moreover, at subinhibitory concentrations, DIHQ was superior to vancomycin and metronidazole in inhibiting two key virulence factors of C. difficile, toxin production and spore formation. Additionally, DIHQ did not inhibit growth of key species that compose the host intestinal microbiota, such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. Collectively, our results indicate that DIHQ is a promising anticlostridial drug that warrants further investigation as a new therapeutic for CDIs. Full Article
sin Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Characterization of Omadacycline Against Haemophilus influenzae Using a One-Compartment In Vitro Infection Model [Pharmacology] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-13T08:15:30-07:00 Omadacycline is a novel aminomethylcycline with activity against Gram-positive and -negative organisms, including Haemophilus influenzae, which is one of the leading causes of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). The evaluation of antimicrobial agents against H. influenzae using standard murine infection models is challenging due to the low pathogenicity of this species in mice. Therefore, 24-hour dose-ranging studies using a one-compartment in vitro infection model were undertaken with the goal of characterizing the magnitude of the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to the MIC (AUC/MIC ratio) associated with efficacy for a panel of five clinical H. influenzae isolates. These five isolates, which had MIC values of 1 or 2 mg/L, were exposed to omadacycline total-drug epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentration-time profiles based on those observed in healthy volunteers following intravenous omadacycline administration. Relationships between change in log10 colony forming units (CFU) from baseline at 24 hours and total-drug ELF AUC/MIC ratio for each isolate and the isolates pooled together were evaluated using Hill-type models and non-linear least squares regression. As evidenced by the high coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.88 to 0.98, total-drug ELF AUC/MIC ratio described the data well for each isolate and the isolates pooled together. The median total-drug ELF AUC/MIC ratio associated with net bacterial stasis and 1- and 2-log10 CFU/mL reductions from baseline at 24 hours was 6.91, 8.91, and 11.1, respectively. These data were useful to support the omadacycline dosing regimens selected for the treatment of patients with CABP, as well as susceptibility breakpoints for H. influenzae. Full Article
sin Advanced quantification methods to improve the 18b dormancy model for assessing the activity of tuberculosis drugs in vitro. [Clinical Therapeutics] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-27T08:14:57-07:00 One of the reasons for the lengthy tuberculosis (TB) treatment is the difficult to treat non-multiplying mycobacterial subpopulation. In order to assess the ability of (new) TB drugs to target this subpopulation, we need to incorporate dormancy models in our pre-clinical drug development pipeline. In most available dormancy models it takes a long time to create a dormant state and it is difficult to identify and quantify this non-multiplying condition.The Mycobacterium tuberculosis 18b strain might overcome some of these problems, because it is dependent on streptomycin for growth and becomes non-multiplying after 10 days of streptomycin starvation, but still can be cultured on streptomycin-supplemented culture plates. We developed our 18b dormancy time-kill kinetic model to assess the difference in the activity of isoniazid, rifampicin, moxifloxacin and bedaquiline against log-phase growth compared to the non-multiplying M. tuberculosis subpopulation by CFU counting including a novel AUC-based approach as well as time-to-positivity (TTP) measurements.We observed that isoniazid and moxifloxacin were relatively more potent against replicating bacteria, while rifampicin and high dose bedaquiline were equally effective against both subpopulations. Moreover, the TTP data suggest that including a liquid culture-based method could be of additional value as it identifies a specific mycobacterial subpopulation that is non-culturable on solid media.In conclusion, the results of our study underline that the time-kill kinetics 18b dormancy model in its current form is a useful tool to assess TB drug potency and thus has its place in the TB drug development pipeline. Full Article
sin Effect of the Lysin, Exebacase, on Cardiac Vegetation Progression in a Rabbit Model of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Endocarditis as Determined by Echocardiography [Pharmacology] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-27T08:14:56-07:00 Background: MRSA pose significant therapeutic challenges, related to their: frequency in clinical infections; innate virulence properties; and propensity for multi-antibiotic resistance. MRSA are among the most common causes of endovascular infections, including infective endocarditis (IE).Objective: To employ transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) to evaluate the effect of exebacase, a novel direct lytic agent, in experimental aortic valve MRSA IE.Study Design: TTE was utilized to evaluate the in vivo effect of exebacase on MRSA-infected vegetation progression when combined with daptomycin (vs daptomycin alone). Primary intravegetation outcomes were: maximum size; weights at sacrifice; and MRSA counts at infection baseline vs after 4 days of daptomycin treatment (alone or in addition to exebacase administered once on treatment Day 1).Results: A single dose of exebacase in addition to daptomycin cleared significantly more intravegetation MRSA than daptomycin alone. This was associated with a statistical trend toward reduced maximum vegetation size in the exebacase + daptomycin vs the daptomycin-alone therapy groups (p = 0.07). Also, mean vegetation weights in the exebacase-treated group were significantly lower vs daptomycin-alone (p < 0.0001). Maximum vegetation size by TTE correlated with vegetation weight (p = 0.005). In addition, intravegetation MRSA counts in the combination group were significantly lower vs untreated controls (p<0.0001) and the daptomycin-alone group (p<0.0001).Conclusion: This study suggests that exebacase has a salutary impact on MRSA-infected vegetation progression when combined with daptomycin, especially in terms of vegetation MRSA burden, size and weight. Moreover, TTE appears to be an efficient non-invasive tool to assess therapeutic efficacies in experimental MRSA IE. Full Article
sin Population Pharmacokinetic Analyses for Omadacycline Using Phase 1 and 3 Data [Pharmacology] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-27T08:14:56-07:00 Omadacycline, a novel aminomethylcycline antibiotic with activity against Gram-positive and -negative organisms, including tetracycline-resistant pathogens, received FDA approval in October, 2018 for the treatment of patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). A previously-developed population pharmacokinetic (PK) model based on Phase 1 intravenous and oral PK data was refined using data from infected patients. Data from 10 Phase 1 studies used to develop the previous model were pooled with data from three additional Phase 1 studies, a Phase 1b uncomplicated urinary tract infection study, one Phase 3 CABP study, and two Phase 3 ABSSSI studies. The final population PK model was a three-compartment model with first-order absorption using transit compartments to account for absorption delay following oral dosing and first-order elimination. Epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations were modeled as a sub-compartment of the first peripheral compartment. A food effect on oral bioavailability was included in the model. Sex was the only significant covariate identified, with 15.6% lower clearance for females relative to males. Goodness-of-fit diagnostics indicated a precise and unbiased fit to the data. The final model, which was robust in its ability to predict plasma and ELF exposures following omadacycline administration, was also able to predict the central tendency and variability in concentration-time profiles using an external Phase 3 ABSSSI dataset. A population PK model, which described omadacycline PK in healthy subjects and infected patients, was developed and subsequently used to support pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) and PK-PD target attainment assessments. Full Article
sin Experimentally engineered mutations in a ubiquitin hydrolase, UBP-1, modulate in vivo susceptibility to artemisinin and chloroquine in Plasmodium berghei. [Mechanisms of Resistance] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-04-27T08:14:56-07:00 As resistance to artemisinins (current frontline drugs in malaria treatment) emerges in south East Asia, there is an urgent need to identify the genetic determinants and understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning such resistance. Such insights could lead to prospective interventions to contain resistance and prevent the eventual spread to other malaria endemic regions. Artemisinin reduced susceptibility in South East Asia (SEA) has been primarily linked to mutations in P. falciparum Kelch-13, which is currently widely recognised as a molecular marker of artemisinin resistance. However, 2 mutations in a ubiquitin hydrolase, UBP-1, have been previously associated with artemisinin reduced susceptibility in a rodent model of malaria and some cases of UBP-1 mutation variants associating with artemisinin treatment failure have been reported in Africa and SEA. In this study, we have employed CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and pre-emptive drug pressures to test these artemisinin susceptibility associated mutations in UBP-1 in P. berghei sensitive lines in vivo. Using these approaches, we have shown that the V2721F UBP-1 mutation results in reduced artemisinin susceptibility, while the V2752F mutation results in resistance to chloroquine and moderately impacts tolerance to artemisinins. Genetic reversal of the V2752F mutation restored chloroquine sensitivity in these mutant lines while simultaneous introduction of both mutations could not be achieved and appears to be lethal. Interestingly, these mutations carry a detrimental growth defect, which would possibly explain their lack of expansion in natural infection settings. Our work has provided independent experimental evidence on the role of UBP-1 in modulating parasite responses to artemisinin and chloroquine under in vivo conditions. Full Article
sin Combination Therapy Using Benznidazole and Aspirin During the Acute Phase of Experimental Chagas Disease Prevents Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Decreases Typical Cardiac Lesions in the Chronic Phase [Clinical Therapeutics] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T08:49:24-07:00 Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the main causes of death due to cardiomyopathy and heart failure in Latin American countries. The treatment of Chagas disease is directed at eliminating the parasite, decreasing the probability of cardiomyopathy, and disrupting the disease transmission cycle. Benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (NFX) are recognized as effective drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease by the World Health Organization, but both have high toxicity and limited efficacy, especially in the chronic disease phase. At low doses, aspirin (ASA) has been reported to protect against T. cruzi infection. We evaluated the effectiveness of BZ in combination with ASA at low doses during the acute disease phase and evaluated cardiovascular aspects and cardiac lesions in the chronic phase. ASA treatment prevented the cardiovascular dysfunction (hypertension and tachycardia) and typical cardiac lesions. Moreover, BZ+ASA-treated mice had a smaller cardiac fibrotic area than that in BZ-treated mice. These results were associated with an increase in the number of eosinophils and reticulocytes and level of nitric oxide in the plasma and cardiac tissue of ASA-treated mice relative to respective controls. These effects of ASA and BZ+ASA in chronically infected mice were inhibited by pretreatment with the LXA4 receptor antagonist, Boc-2, indicating that the protective effects of ASA are mediated by ASA-triggered lipoxin. These results emphasize the importance of exploring new drug combinations for treatments of acute phase of Chagas disease that are beneficial for chronic patients. Full Article
sin Focusing the lens on the CAMERA concepts: Early combination {beta}-lactam and vancomycin therapy in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia [Minireviews] By aac.asm.org Published On :: 2020-05-04T08:49:24-07:00 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has grown to become a major burden on healthcare systems. The cumulation of limited therapeutic options and worsened patient outcomes with persistent MRSA bacteremia has driven research in optimizing its initial management. The guidelines published by the Infectious Disease of America currently recommend combination therapy for refractory MRSA bacteremia, but the utility of combining antibiotics from the start of therapy is under investigation. The alternative strategy of early use of a β-lactam antibiotics in combination with vancomycin upon initial MRSA bacteremia detection has shown promise. While this concept has gained international attention, providers should give this strategy serious consideration prior to implementation. The objective of this review is to examine retrospective and prospective evidence for early combination with vancomycin and β-lactam antibiotics, as well as explore potential consequences of combination therapy. Full Article
sin Fin24.com | Oil rises for a fifth day with output cuts easing glut concern By www.fin24.com Published On :: Tue, 05 May 2020 09:15:12 +0200 Oil was headed for the longest run of daily gains in more than nine months on signs the worst of the supply glut may be over as production cuts start to take effect. Full Article
sin Education Is the Darling of Wealthy Philanthropists, But K-12 Is Losing Its Luster By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 29 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Around the world, education is the largest recipient of philanthropic giving by a large margin, but in the United States, funders are moving away from investing in K-12 schools in favor of early childhood and higher education. Full Article Philanthropy
sin An architect explores using his passion in missions By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 04 Jul 2019 11:48:48 +0000 For years, Gustavo, an architect from Central America, felt drawn to working in the Arabian Peninsula. Then, on a short-term trip, he saw what it could be like to use his profession overseas. Full Article
sin The God of India, Singapore and the Middle East By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 19 Jul 2019 15:19:15 +0000 Doron's experience on Logos Hope shows him God's faithfulness and uncovers leadership abilities he is using today in a new role. Full Article
sin Penn State Smeal panel explores pandemic's effects on sustainability, business By news.psu.edu Published On :: Fri, 01 May 2020 13:15 -0400 The Penn State Smeal College of Business Center for the Business of Sustainability recently hosted the first in a series of virtual fireside discussions titled “The Impact of Coronavirus on Sustainability and Social Impact,” to explore how recent momentum in sustainability efforts has been altered. Full Article
sin Practical Nursing Program moves clinicals to virtual simulations By news.psu.edu Published On :: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 09:42 -0400 Lehigh Valley's Practical Nursing Program has moved to the Shadow Health Digital Clinical Experience so students can continue clinical rotations through virtual simulations. Full Article
sin An architect explores using his passion in missions By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 04 Jul 2019 11:48:48 +0000 For years, Gustavo, an architect from Central America, felt drawn to working in the Arabian Peninsula. Then, on a short-term trip, he saw what it could be like to use his profession overseas. Full Article
sin The God of India, Singapore and the Middle East By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 19 Jul 2019 15:19:15 +0000 Doron's experience on Logos Hope shows him God's faithfulness and uncovers leadership abilities he is using today in a new role. Full Article
sin Hacked and Cut Off From the Public: This Is School Board Business in the Coronavirus Crisis By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Social distancing is forcing school business to be conducted virtually, putting school boards in the difficult spot of making crucial decisions on spending and other issues without the same level of public input. Full Article School+boards
sin Increasing Prevalence of Medically Complex Children in US Hospitals By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2010-10-01 Katherine H. BurnsOct 1, 2010; 126:638-646ARTICLES Full Article
sin Blood Pressure Responses to Psychosocial Stress in Young Adults With Very Low Birth Weight: Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults By pediatrics.aappublications.org Published On :: 2009-01-26 Young adults born prematurely with very low birth weight (≤1500 g) have higher blood pressure than do their counterparts born at term. We tested whether they also have higher blood pressure reactivity to psychosocial stress, which may be a more-specific predictor of long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels for 44 very low birth weight adults (mean age: 23.1 years; SD: 2.3 years) and 37 control subjects (mean age: 23.6 years; SD: 2.0 years) were measured through noninvasive finger photoplethysmography during a standardized psychosocial stress challenge (Trier Social Stress Test). Baseline and task values and their difference (ie, reactivity) served as outcome variables. In comparison with the control group, the very low birth weight group had 7.9 mm Hg higher diastolic blood pressure during the task and 4.8 mm Hg higher diastolic reactivity, with adjustment for gender and age, height, and BMI at testing. A similar trend was seen for systolic blood pressure during the baseline period and the task, but the group differences were not statistically significant. Our results indicate that very low birth weight is associated with elevated blood pressure reactivity to psychosocial stress and, therefore, may increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity. Full Article
sin Penn State Harrisburg choir sings "Earth Song" By news.psu.edu Published On :: Fri, 01 May 2020 10:13 -0400 Full Article
sin Business Choice Awards 2019: Printers By www.pcmag.com Published On :: Brother International has long dominated PCMag's Business Choice Awards for printers, but this year it's joined by another top contender. Full Article
sin School Leader Accountability Is Missing in Action By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 22 Nov 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Teachers need coaching from proactive and intentional leaders who see everything in their buildings as their responsibility, writes guest blogger Michael Sonbert. Until then, teachers will bear the brunt of our national criticism. Full Article Accountability
sin Dickinson Business Law Society offering virtual pop-up clinics for entrepreneurs By news.psu.edu Published On :: Mon, 06 Apr 2020 11:54 -0400 When people can’t leave their houses to attend an event, you bring the event to them. With residents across Pennsylvania sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic, Penn State Dickinson Law’s Business Law Society is converting two upcoming entrepreneur pop-up clinics to virtual sessions, allowing people to participate from their homes. Full Article
sin Using historical lessons and creative instruction to support students By news.psu.edu Published On :: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 08:46 -0400 Penn State Abington faculty are using the current situation as an opportunity to enrich students academically and support them personally during this period of remote learning. "What may be most inspiring of all is the deep-seated concern for our students that faculty efforts expose,” said Friederike Baer, division head for Arts and Humanities. Full Article
sin Discussing Blended Learning and Remote Learning By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 11 Nov 2015 00:00:00 +0000 We talk a lot about blended learning opportunities in my district, asking ourselves whether we are offering the most beneficial learning opportunities for both staff and students. We're looking to provide quality online learning resources to students when they are outside of our classrooms, as well Full Article Blended+Learning
sin The Overlooked Front in the War on Misinformation: Science Class By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 25 Oct 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Media literacy belongs in science class, insists Media Literacy Now’s Andy Zucker. Here’s how to bring it there. Full Article Science
sin Behrend students inducted into business honor society By news.psu.edu Published On :: Tue, 28 Apr 2020 16:11 -0400 Penn State Behrend’s Black School of Business inducted 30 students into the Beta Gamma Sigma international business honor society on April 17. The students are enrolled in the college’s residential programs and in Penn State World Campus majors that are offered by the Black School. Full Article
sin Behrend graduate brings unique perspective to nursing work By news.psu.edu Published On :: Tue, 05 May 2020 13:38 -0400 Penn State Behrend graduate Abraham Berhane lived in a refugee camp after fleeing his home in Eritrea. “When we came to Erie, we started our life from zero,” he said. Full Article
sin Using data to maximize hospital resources By news.psu.edu Published On :: Fri, 01 May 2020 11:26 -0400 As a student in Penn State's College of Information Sciences and Technology, Steve Ney learned critical skills, from coding to data design and architecture. Today, he applies that foundation in his "dream job" as a healthcare data analyst for Geisinger Health, where he uses those skills to help produce visual outputs for doctors and staff to utilize in caring for patients. Full Article
sin Barry, Spearly receive 2020 Excellence in Advising Award By news.psu.edu Published On :: Fri, 27 Mar 2020 07:00 -0400 Elaine Barry, associate professor of human development and family studies at Penn State Fayette, the Eberly Campus, and Janet Spearly, director of academic advising in the Smeal College of Business, have been selected to receive the 2020 Penn State Excellence in Advising Award. Full Article
sin Penn State Fayette introduces Veteran Education, Housing and Resource Line By news.psu.edu Published On :: Tue, 14 Apr 2020 13:23 -0400 Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus has introduced a new phone-based resource for area veterans. Full Article
sin Tamsin Calidas: Memoir lays bare life on a Hebridean croft By www.heraldscotland.com Published On :: Sat, 02 May 2020 05:00:00 +0100 WHEN Tamsin Calidas stepped aboard a ferry bound for the Hebridean island that would become her new home, it was with hope for a fresh beginning, one far from the tumultuous events and near-death experience she had faced in the city streets being left behind. Full Article
sin Caro Ramsay: Crime author on why Tyndrum makes her heart sing By www.heraldscotland.com Published On :: Sat, 09 May 2020 05:00:00 +0100 CARO RAMSAY, AUTHOR Full Article
sin Reducing greenhouse gas emissions using microwave plasma technology By news.psu.edu Published On :: Wed, 29 Apr 2020 10:06 -0400 A multi-disciplinary collaborative relationship, developed between Penn State EMS Energy Institute researchers and a Pittsburgh-based start-up company, may hold the answer to reducing global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while also paving the way to disrupt the chemical and material industries. Full Article
sin Missing Idaho kids' uncle died of blood clot in Arizona By abcnews.go.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 23:56:07 -0400 A pulmonary blood clot killed the brother of an Idaho woman who’s facing charges in the disappearance of her children — a case that attracted worldwide attention with revelations of her doomsday beliefs and connection to three mysterious deaths Full Article US
sin Behrend singers take center stage in virtual cabaret By news.psu.edu Published On :: Tue, 05 May 2020 14:28 -0400 Choral students at Penn State Behrend typically end the semester with a concert. This year, because of COVID-19, they tried something different: a virtual cabaret. Full Article
sin New Kensington launches virtual offerings, resources for prospective students By news.psu.edu Published On :: Mon, 23 Mar 2020 12:31 -0400 The Penn State New Kensington Office of Admissions and Student Aid is available remotely for appointments, as well as scheduled virtual events for prospective students and families. Full Article
sin Virtual expo highlights New Kensington students’ research By news.psu.edu Published On :: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 10:05 -0400 Twenty-four projects can be viewed online at newkensington.psu.edu/virtual-research-expo. Full Article
sin New Kensington family of ‘Nittany Neighbors’ support each other during pandemic By news.psu.edu Published On :: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 15:24 -0400 The Nittany Neighbors program created at Penn State New Kensington in response to the coronavirus pandemic is testament to the fact that, as campus director of student affairs Theresa Bonk said, "we are a family, and like any family, we take care of our own." Full Article