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Nigol Bezjian, Director, Broken Dinners, Postponed Kisses
Chair: Rima Maktabi, Bureau Chief, Al Arabiya (UK)

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Jenny Norton, Producer, Parts of a Circle: History of the Karabakh Conflict
Famil Ismayilov, Journalist
Leon Aslanov, Middle East Analyst, Integrity UK
Chair: Laurence Broers, Associate Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House; Director, Caucasus Programme, Conciliation Resources

If this were Britain, Russia or India, Rudy Giuliani '08 caps would not be on the clearance racks. In those countries, where bigwigs and insiders get to nominate party leaders, the former Republican front-runner and establishment favorite would have long ago been anointed the winner.

As the number and share of Dual Language Learners (DLLs) continues to grow across the United States, diversity within this population is also increasing. This webinar marks the release of a report providing analysis of the diversity within the DLL population nationwide and at the state and local levels. Speakers discuss data on the three rapidly growing subgroups within the DLL population: Black and Asian American and Pacific Islander DLLs and young children of refugees, and the implications for the early education and care field and K-12 education systems. 

One major factor Indian consumer look for in a car is space inside the cabin. A careful look is always given to the legroom for rear passengers in India. Here are 5 cars under 10 lakh that offer best rear legroom among their rivals.

Key Findings:  Nearly 100% of SoCs are mixed-signal to some extent.  Every one of these could benefit from the use of a metrics-driven unified verification methodology for mixed-signal (MD-UVM-MS), but the modeling step is the biggest hurdle to overcome.  Without the magical models, the process breaks down for lack of performance, or holes in the chip verification.

In the last installment of The Low Road, we were at the mixed-signal verification party. While no one talked about it, we all saw it: The party was raging and everyone was having a great time, but they were all dancing around that big elephant right in the middle of the room. For mixed-signal verification, that elephant is named Modeling.

To get to a fully verified SoC, the analog portions of the design have to run orders of magnitude faster than the speediest SPICE engine available. That means an abstraction of the behavior must be created. It puts a lot of people off when you tell them they have to do something extra to get done with something sooner. Guess what, it couldn’t be more true. If you want to keep dancing around like the elephant isn’t there, then enjoy your day. If you want to see about clearing the pachyderm from the dance floor, you’ll want to read on a little more….

Figure 1: The elephant in the room: who’s going to create the model?

 Whose job is it?

Modeling analog/mixed-signal behavior for use in SoC verification seems like the ultimate hot potato.  The analog team that creates the IP blocks says it doesn't have the expertise in digital verification to create a high-performance model. The digital designers say they don’t understand anything but ones and zeroes. The verification team, usually digitally-centric by background, are stuck in the middle (and have historically said “I just use the collateral from the design teams to do my job; I don’t create it”).

If there is an SoC verification team, then ensuring that the entire chip is verified ultimately rests upon their shoulders, whether or not they get all of the models they need from the various design teams for the project. That means that if a chip does not work because of a modeling error, it ought to point back to the verification team. If not, is it just a “systemic error” not accounted for in the methodology? That seems like a bad answer.

That all makes the most valuable guy in the room the engineer, whose knowledge spans the three worlds of analog, digital, and verification. There are a growing number of “mixed-signal verification engineers” found on SoC verification teams. Having a specialist appears to be the best approach to getting the job done, and done right.

So, my vote is for the verification team to step up and incorporate the expertise required to do a complete job of SoC verification, analog included. (I know my popularity probably did not soar with the attendees of DVCON with that statement, but the job has to get done).

It’s a game of trade-offs

The difference in computations required for continuous time versus discrete time behavior is orders of magnitude (as seen in Figure 2 below). The essential detail versus runtime tradeoff is a key enabler of verification techniques like software-driven testbenches. Abstraction is a lossy process, so care must be taken to fully understand the loss and test those elements in the appropriate domain (continuous time, frequency, etc.).

Figure 2: Modeling is required for performance

AFE for instance

The traditional separation of baseband and analog front-end (AFE) chips has shifted for the past several years. Advances in process technology, analog-to-digital converters, and the desire for cost reduction have driven both a re-architecting and re-partitioning of the long-standing baseband/AFE solution. By moving more digital processing to the AFE, lower cost architectures can be created, as well as reducing those 130 or so PCB traces between the chips.

There is lots of good scholarly work from a few years back on this subject, such as Digital Compensation of Dynamic Acquisition Errors at the Front-End of ADCS and Digital Compensation for Analog Front-Ends: A New Approach to Wireless Transceiver Design.

Figure 3: AFE evolution from first reference (Parastoo)

The digital calibration and compensation can be achieved by the introduction of a programmable solution. This is in fact the most popular approach amongst the mobile crowd today. By using a microcontroller, the software algorithms become adaptable to process-related issues and modifications to protocol standards.

However, for the SoC verification team, their job just got a whole lot harder. To determine if the interplay of the digital control and the analog function is working correctly, the software algorithms must be simulated on the combination of the two. That is, here is a classic case of inseparable mixed-signal verification.

So, what needs to be in the model is the big question. And the answer is, a lot. For this example, the main sources of dynamic error at the front-end of ADCs are critical for the non-linear digital filtering that is highly frequency dependent. The correction scheme must be verified to show that the nonlinearities are cancelled across the entire bandwidth of the ADC. 

This all means lots of simulation. It means that the right level of detail must be retained to ensure the integrity of the verification process. This means that domain experience must be added to the list of expertise of that mixed-signal verification engineer.

Back to the pachyderm

There is a lot more to say on this subject, and lots will be said in future posts. The important starting point is the recognition that the potential flaw in the system needs to be examined. It needs to be examined by a specialist.  Maybe a second opinion from the application domain is needed too.

So, put that cute little elephant on your desk as a reminder that the beast can be tamed.

Steve Carlson

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On May 9, a plea was submitted in India's Delhi High Court, for legal probe and arrest of those accused in the #BoisLockerRoom controversy that started earlier this week in the country. On May 3, leaked images from a private Instagram chat group went viral in India, drawing criticism for sharing nude images of underage girls. The petition says that members of the private Instagram group chat, 'Bois Locker Room', who belong to affluent families, have threatened to leak explicit photos and hack the accounts of the women who exposed the group chat, stirring up a social media storm across the country. The leaked screenshots had revealed that a group of teenage boys from...

A veritable storm has been set off on desi social...

The post #BoysLockerRoom: How An Insta Chat Group Set Off A Storm In India appeared first on Man's World India.

Entertainers speak of the shock of COVID-19 restrictions on their working lives and what they've had to do to keep audiences — and money — coming in.

Soon after the Delhi police started questioning a prominent South Delhi school student in connection with the Boys Locker Room controversy investigation, 22 others linked to the mess went underground on Tuesday.

The Cyber Cell of the Delhi police earlier detained one teenager in connection with the Instagram chat group where rapes were glorified and photos of underage girls were shared and they were objectified.

The one who has been nabbed so far is a 15-year-old student of a prominent school in South Delhi. "Twenty-two other boys have also been identified and they would be called for investigation," the police said on Tuesday. The detained accused would be produced before the Juvenile Justice Board (JJB).

Based on the information provided by the minor during questioning, police teams have been sent to various parts of the National Capital Region. After the police registered the case, many students in the group have gone underground.

Leaked screenshots of the private Instagram chat group stirred up a storm over rape culture in India after numerous boys were allegedly seen sharing photos of underage girls, objectifying them, and planning "gang rapes".

A case was registered under Section 465 (forgery), 471 (using forged document), 469 (forgery for purpose of harming reputation), 509 (intending to insult the modesty of any woman) of the IPC and 67 and 67A of the Information Technology (IT) Act at cyber cell of the Delhi police.

Earlier on Monday, the police received a complaint from the principal of a prominent school in South Delhi's Saket at the Saket police station requesting for a probe into the matter, the same was forwarded to the Cyber Cell thereof. Apart from this, another complaint was filed at a police station in North Delhi by a parent in connection with this Instagram group.

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Businesses like buying contemporary art to show off their forward-thinking and investment savvy. Fair enough – but it still sits oddly with artists’ desire to provoke and subvert  

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“Let it go,” “Ignore them,” “It is normal”, “You should have been more careful,” and of course the “boys will be boys” narrative. These are just some of the statements that the society has told...

According to latest updates, some members of the group have been arrested for cyberbullying under Section 66 of the IT Act.

The people of India are currently in shock after learning about an online chat group of schoolboys on Instagram called 'Bois Locker Room', where the boys talked about pornography, and made obscene comments about minor girls in their school and even

છેલ્લા અમુક દિવસોથી બૉય્ઝ લૉકર રૂમ મામલો છવાયેલો છે. વાસ્તવમાં આ એક ઈન્સ્ટાગ્રામ ગ્રુપનુ નામ હતુ જેને હવે ડિએક્ટીવેટ કરી દેવામાં આવ્યુ છે. આ ગ્રુપમાં દિલ્લીના સ્કૂુલના છાત્રો શામેલ હતા. આના પર આ છાત્રો અશ્લીલ ચેટ કરતા હતા તેમજ આ ગ્રુપમાં

Educators hold the keys to unlocking a brighter future for their students, whether engaging with parents, creating a supportive environment that values equity and inclusion, or improving instruction.

A public interest litigation (PIL) has been moved in Delhi High Court on Saturday (May 9, 2020) seeking a SIT or CBI investigation into the case related to 'Bois Locker Room' social media group, in which nearly 22 teenage boys allegedly shared objectionable pictures of minor girls and discussed about raping women.

Hayden Library - LC89.H44 2015

Rotch Library - LC1099.5.I75 S73 2015

Online Resource

The Instagram group came to light after a girl from south Delhi was able to gain access to the group's chats and shared the screenshots.