This seminar, jointly organised by the OECD and the Ministry of Finance of Japan, will address quality infrastructure investment, governance, planning and technology issues as well as data collection and benchmarking for quality infrastructure. It is taking place on 12-13 September 2018, in Tokyo, Japan.

This document contains a high-level, outcome-based, internationally relevant, core competencies framework on financial literacy for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and potential entrepreneurs. It highlights a range of outcomes that may be important to sustain or improve their financial literacy.

4-5 October 2018, Moscow, Russian Federation: The symposium will focus on innovative implementation approaches to deliver global progress on financial literacy.

12-13 November 2018, São Paulo, Brazil - A series of events addressing the most recent trends, opportunities and challenges in financial education will be co-hosted by the OECD and CVM Brazil.

Military Expenditure in Nepal decreased to 397 USD Million in 2018 from 405 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Nepal averaged 144.98 USD Million from 1970 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 405 USD Million in 2017 and a record low of 19.80 USD Million in 1970.

Military Expenditure in Rwanda increased to 119.50 USD Million in 2018 from 115.70 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Rwanda averaged 74.36 USD Million from 1973 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 158 USD Million in 1991 and a record low of 32.30 USD Million in 1975.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Rwanda increased to 126.10 points in March from 123.66 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Rwanda averaged 102.66 points from 2009 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 126.10 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 87.71 points in April of 2010. This page provides - Rwanda Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Korea tops a new OECD PISA survey that tests how 15-year olds use computers and the Internet to learn. The next best performers were New Zealand, Australia, Japan, Hong-Kong China and Iceland.

Gender inequality is one of the most primitive and oldest forms of inequality. Sadly, it is still very much a reality in most parts of the world. In many countries women do not have equal access to education, healthcare, safety, work or political decision-making.

Belgium is making a laudable push to direct more development aid to the poorest countries, but to deliver on this it needs to set firm deadlines, make its aid programme more flexible, and should reverse a decline in overall aid, according to an OECD Review.

Military Expenditure in Brunei decreased to 336 USD Million in 2018 from 347 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Brunei averaged 339.31 USD Million from 1984 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 477 USD Million in 2014 and a record low of 210 USD Million in 1984.

Military Expenditure in Malawi increased to 53.50 USD Million in 2018 from 47.40 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Malawi averaged 22.71 USD Million from 1968 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 64.30 USD Million in 2013 and a record low of 6 USD Million in 1969.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Malawi increased to 112.13 points in March from 112.10 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Malawi averaged 108.30 points from 2017 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 112.13 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 100 points in December of 2017. This page provides - Malawi Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Military Expenditure in Mali decreased to 457 USD Million in 2018 from 459 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Mali averaged 90.56 USD Million from 1965 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 459 USD Million in 2017 and a record low of 24.20 USD Million in 1966.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Mali increased to 109.50 points in March from 109.20 points in February of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Mali averaged 109.73 points from 2011 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 119.90 points in October of 2015 and a record low of 99.20 points in January of 2012. This page provides - Mali Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Imports from Lithuania in Turkey decreased to 41727.63 USD THO in March from 47874.36 USD THO in February of 2020. Imports from Lithuania in Turkey averaged 28326.75 USD THO from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 72863.21 USD THO in May of 2017 and a record low of 4688 USD THO in September of 2019. This page includes a chart with historical data for Turkey Imports from Lithuania.

India is set for a modest recovery after a loss of momentum, as reforms to simplify taxation, lighten business regulations and upgrade infrastructure start to bear fruit. Further reforms to modernise the economy are now needed to drive the creation of high-quality jobs, as well as measures to improve public services and welfare, according to a new OECD report.

Military Expenditure in Cyprus increased to 360 USD Million in 2018 from 357 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Cyprus averaged 421.43 USD Million from 1985 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 918 USD Million in 1992 and a record low of 79.60 USD Million in 1985.

Cpi Housing Utilities in Cyprus decreased to 106.89 points in April from 111.72 points in March of 2020. Cpi Housing Utilities in Cyprus averaged 102.22 points from 2015 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 111.72 points in March of 2020 and a record low of 91.94 points in April of 2016. This page provides - Cyprus Cpi Housing Utilities- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The European Union faces serious challenges today, with public finances in poor shape, weak long-term growth prospects and an unemployment level close to 10%. In this context, the regional policy can play a crucial role to unleash the growth potential of our economies, says OECD Secretary-General.

Can both less income inequality and more growth be achieved? A recent OECD study sheds new light on the link between policies that boost growth and the distribution of income.

In this paper we examine whether past labour market reforms aiming at reducing the rate of unemployment have raised its long-run volatility.

Britain must continue to pursue pro-growth, as well as inequality-reducing structural reforms in order to recover from the nation’s deepest recession in nearly a century, according to a new OECD report.

In this paper we include measures of school quality in regressions determining the labour market premiums to education level.

Employment has risen by more and unemployment has risen less than expected, given the path of output. Nevertheless, long-term and youth unemployment and involuntary part-time work are high. A polarised labour market risks worsening income inequality, which is high by OECD standards, despite a recent and likely temporary decline.

Income inequality in Colombia has declined since the early 2000s but remains very high by international standards. Income dispersion largely originates from the labour market, which is characterised by a still high unemployment rate, a pervasive informal sector and a wide wage dispersion reflecting a large education premium for those with higher education.

Income inequality in Colombia has declined since the early 2000s but remains very high by international standards. While most of the inequality originates from the labour market, wealth – and thus capital income – is also highly concentrated and the tax and transfer system has little redistributive impact.

Informality has important implications for productivity, economic growth, and the inequality of income. In recent years, the extent of informal employment has increased in many of Mexico's states, though highly heterogeneously.

Austerity programmes to restore order to public finances can add to the woes of already struggling economies, leading to more job losses and social hardship. But there are ways for governments to put their fiscal houses in order, while supporting growth and reducing income inequality at the same time.

Income inequality and relative poverty in the United States are among the highest in the OECD and have substantially increased over the past decades. These developments have been associated with a number of other worrying statistics, including low intergenerational social mobility and weak real income growth for many households.

South Africa has achieved remarkable progress in educational attainment relative to other emerging countries, but the quality of basic education for a large fraction of the Black African population is still very low.

Belgium has a good record in delivering accessible care, but adaptation to population ageing will be complicated by the fragmentation of responsibilities in the healthcare system and a strong reliance on government regulations.

Using a panel of OECD countries, this study assesses the linkages between structural policies and macroeconomic stability. Business cycle and time-series characteristics of GDP and its components are employed to define various measures for economic instability and for the persistence of adverse shocks.

This paper looks at a vast array of policy recommendations by the OECD that promote long-term growth – contained in Going for Growth and the Economic Outlook – and attempts to establish whether they underpin macroeconomic stability or whether there is a trade-off.

Macroeconomic shocks as severe and protracted as those since 2007 warrant a reconsideration of the role growth-promoting policies play in shaping the vulnerability and resilience of an economy to macroeconomic shocks.

Inequality has risen in the OECD area. Could policies aimed solely at growth be responsible? Can inequality undermine economic growth? New evidence suggests there is a possibility.

This study reviews the existing literature on the link between economic policies and economic stability at the firm and household level. Based on firm-level and household-level data for a wide range of OECD countries, it also provides preliminary results on sources and patterns of microeconomic volatility.

Significant labour market mismatches and insufficient mobility penalise employment and productivity. Mismatches have above all a skills dimension, with an excess of low-skilled workers and a possible lack of skilled workers in certain domains.

A slowdown in global economic growth and a continuing rise in income inequality are projected for the coming decades, according to a new OECD study which looks beyond the crisis at what the world could look like by 2060.

This report examines the sustainability of social institutions and their ability to absorb and cope with short-term shocks and longer-term trends by providing risk sharing and expenditure smoothing, focusing on pension, health care and unemployment insurance schemes.

Future generations will pay a high price if countries fail to reform pension, health care and unemployment schemes, according to a new OECD report.

Turkey’s economy will grow stronger in the coming years, but remains overly dependent on domestic consumption funded by foreign finance, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Turkey.

This paper investigates the vulnerabilities of health care systems in OECD and BRIICS countries to adverse secular trends and large macroeconomic shocks.

Unemployment insurance is a key tool for risk sharing and redistribution and also a prominent automatic stabiliser. It is a volatile spending item by design, which can lead to vulnerabilities. This paper explores various shocks and sources of vulnerability of the unemployment insurance schemes of OECD and BRIICS countries.

Demographic developments are unfavourable for the financing of pension schemes in most OECD countries, implying continued growth in pension expenditure in virtually all OECD countries. This paper examines the vulnerability of pension systems, with an emphasis on financial sustainability and adequacy.

The recent economic crisis has provided a stress test for the vulnerability of social institutions. This paper assesses the vulnerability of social institutions in light of the current crisis, and surveys past episodes, when social institutions faced similar challenges.

Income and earning inequality has been on the rise in most of the OECD and in many emerging economies since the 1980s. This paper estimates a model of earnings inequality across OECD countries that incorporates determinants of relative demand and supply of more and less-skilled labour.

House prices have increased significantly in Canada over the past decade, driving household debt and residential construction activity to historical highs.

Economists have traditionally been very cautious when studying the interaction between employment and health because of the two-way causal relationship between these two variables: health status influences the probability of being employed and, at the same time, working affects the health status.

To strengthen social cohesion, a top government priority, it is essential to address the labour market roots of inequality by breaking down dualism to reduce the share of non-regular workers and to boost the employment ratio toward the government’s 70% target.