A method for making optical connections with optical waveguides includes mounting the optical waveguides or a device comprising the optical waveguides, on a component carrier. A partial region of the optical waveguides is embedded in a volume of resist material. Positions of the optical waveguides to be connected are detected with reference to a coordinate system using a measuring system. Favorable, three-dimensional geometries are determined for optical waveguide structures for connecting the optical waveguides to each other at predetermined connecting locations and the optical waveguide structure geometries are converted to a machine-readable dataset. The optical waveguide geometries in the volume of the resist material are three-dimensionally structured using a direct-writing lithography device operating on the basis of the machine-readable dataset. The structured resist material is treated using physical or chemical methods to form at least one optical waveguide structure having ends connected to predetermined connecting locations of the optical waveguides.

An optical film of high planarity that even in the use of an optical film material containing a non-resinous additive in an amount of 5 mass % or more, would exhibit inexpensive satisfactory roll cleaning effects, and that would find application in, especially, various functional films such as a retardation film and a protective film for polarization plate for use in a liquid crystal display apparatus, etc.; and a process for producing the optical film. There is disclosed a process for producing an optical film according to a melting casting film forming method, including extruding a melt of resin blend containing a resin and 5 mass % or more of non-resinous additive through a casting die into a film form, wherein a first roller (5) for cooling has a temperature of the melting point of the additive to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin blend. Preferably, the first roller (5) for cooling has a peripheral speed (S1) exhibiting a ratio between the same and the peripheral speed (S3) of a third roller (7) for cooling, S3/S1, of 1.001 to 1.05. Preferably, a filmlike molten blend is pressed against the first roller (5) for cooling at a linear pressure of 0.5 to 50 N/mm by means of a second roller (6) for pressure application.

This disclosure relates to a method of preparing polyamide particles. The method include spray drying a solution containing a polyamide to form polyamide particles having an average diameter of between about 0.5 μm and about 10 μm and at least about 85% of the polyamide particles having a diameter distribution of no more than about 1.5 μm.

The invention relates to a method for producing implants and components by direct shaping. The method includes the steps of producing a mold for the implants or components to be produced, making allowances for changes in geometry occurring during after-treatment after the implants or components are removed from the mold, and, providing partial areas of the mold with a structured surface for transferring this structure to the surfaces of the implants or components. In the method, raw material is introduced into the mold and, after remaining in the mold for a certain period of time, the hardened raw material is then removed from the mold to allow the implants or components to take on the structured surface of the mold as well as its geometry. The demolded implants or components are finally subjected to any after-treatment that may be necessary.

An injection-molding method for selectively manufacturing molded parts with and without a breakthrough is disclosed. A molded part with a breakthrough is manufactured by positioning a mold core in a mold cavity, whereas a molded part without breakthrough is manufactured by removing the mold core at least partly from the mold cavity. The mold cavity delimited by a nozzle-side mold platen and an ejector-side mold platen. The mold core is movable relative to at least one of the mold platens, in particularly the nozzle-side mold platen, in an advance direction, where the mold core is closer to the nozzle-side mold platen and an opposite withdrawal direction. At least one protective measure is provided for protecting the inner surface facing the mold cavity of the respective mold platen, in particularly the nozzle-side mold platen, from adverse mechanical effects during movement of the mold core in the advance direction.

The present invention provides a method of making a flexible foaming member from recycled material. The present invention relates to a production method to recycling wastes containing rubber, plastic and metal materials and pulverize them into scraps under normal temperatures, then roughly separate the various materials contained in the waste scraps into different layers based on the difference of specific gravity, and further take out the scraps of rubber and plastic materials with lower specific gravity from the waste scraps, then conduct multiple heating and pulverizations under different temperatures to produce composite-material scraps, and then using some composite-material scraps to mix flexible materials and foaming agents, then pressing the mixture into a plate-like foaming material, and conduct vulcanization and foam forming for the plates of foam material to become a elastic foam.

In accordance with this invention a binder composition for treating particulate material to form a solid aggregate matrix is prepared by providing a urea formaldehyde precondensate; a polar solvent; additional urea; an acid or salt thereof, the acid or salt thereof being selected such as to render the pH of the binder composition to a value from 2.0 to 5.3; providing a sugar; providing a binding promoter for enhancing the binding between the binder composition and the particulate material; and mixing the above so as to form a binder composition. The binder composition is mixed with particulate material and allowed to set into a solid aggregate matrix over a period of longer than 30 minutes from being mixed with the said particulate material.

Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a near infrared shielding fiber. The method includes the steps of preparing and compounding a composition, then pelletizing the compounded composition to obtain the near-infrared shielding masterbatch, and melt spinning the near-infrared shielding masterbatch into the near-infrared shielding fiber. The composition includes at least one metallic ionic compound powder in an amount of about 1-25 wt %, a cross-linking agent in an amount of about 0.1-2 wt %, a thermoplastic polymer in an amount of about 67-98.7 wt %, a cross-linking initiator in an amount of about 0.1-1 wt %, and a dispersing agent in an amount of about 0.1-2 wt %.

A method for making an elastomeric apertured web comprises providing a precursor web comprising a laminate which is subjected to incremental stretching to form an elastomeric precursor web. A forming apparatus is provided comprising a first member and a second member, wherein the first member comprises a mating member, and the second member comprises teeth which are joined to the second member. The elastomeric precursor web is moved through the forming apparatus, wherein apertures are formed in the elastomeric precursor web material as the teeth on the second member penetrate the mating member forming an elastomeric apertured web. The elastomeric apertured web exhibits a WVTR of at least about 1000 g/m2/day.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a sheet for a solar cell encapsulant which has stability against yellowing after a crosslinking process and thus good appearance with improved productivity in the sheet manufacture process, specifically to a method for manufacturing a sheet for a solar cell encapsulant characterized by melt-mixing a resin composition with an organic peroxide, a co-crosslinking agent and a silane coupling agent at the degradation temperature of the organic peroxide or less, wherein the resin composition is obtained by melt-mixing EVA resin with an antioxidant, an UV absorber and a light stabilizer at 80-220° C., and forming a sheet from the obtained melt-mixed resin composition.

In a method of processing a substrate in accordance with an embodiment, a trench may be formed in the substrate, imprint material may be deposited at least into the trench, the imprint material in the trench may be embossed using a stamp device, and the stamp device may be removed from the trench.

There is provided solid imaging methods and apparatus for making three-dimensional objects from solid imaging material. A tray with a film bottom is provided to hold solid imaging material that is selectively cured into cross-sections of the three-dimensional object being built. A coater bar is moved back and forth over the film to remove any uncured solid imaging material from a previous layer and to apply a new layer of solid imaging material. A sensor is provided to measure the amount of resin in the tray to determine the appropriate amount of solid imaging material to be added, from a cartridge, for the next layer. A shuttle, which covers the tray when the exterior door to the solid imaging apparatus is opened for setting up a build or removing a three-dimensional object, can also be used to move the coater bar and to selectively open one or more valves on the cartridge to dispense the desired amount of solid imaging material.

A system for a thermal manufacturing system including a heliostat and a mold. The heliostat includes at least one reflecting surface, a steering mechanism and a controller. The steering mechanism is coupled to the at least one reflecting surface and capable of directing at least a first portion of the at least one reflecting surface toward a first one of multiple, selectable focal points. The mold is located in a second one of the selectable focal points. A manufacturing method is also disclosed.

Provided are fiber fabrication method and the fiber fabricated thereby. In this method, different monomer solutions are electrospun through nozzles whose outlets are stuck to each other and simultaneously interfacially polymerized to form a polymer fiber without a complicated process of preparing a polymer solution. Therefore, a polymer fiber can be simply prepared.

Devices and methods for high-throughput manufacture of concentrically layered nanoscale and microscale fibers by electrospinning are disclosed. The devices include a hollow tube having a lengthwise slit through which a core material can flow, and can be configured to permit introduction of sheath material at multiple sites of Taylor cone formation formation.

The present invention provides a handle for a container, a handle-equipped container, and a method for manufacturing same. It is accordingly possible to provide a container that has a cross-sectional shape that is substantially quadrangular and allows for exceptional storability, has favorable blow-molding properties, presents none of a variety of anomalies in the container and the handle, and has adequate strength to withstand drop impact.

The invention relates to a method for producing a plastics material article, said method including the extruding of a tube-shaped parison and the re-forming of the parison into a hollow body within a blow mold by applying differential pressure. The method includes initially a first expanding and partial shaping of the parison with the blow mold not completely closed. Then at least one opening is provided on the circumference of the pre-expanded parison. In a further step at least one part to be built-in is introduced through the opening into the interior of the partially shaped plastics material article. In a final step the blow mold is closed completely and the blow molding of the plastics material article is completed.

An improved polymerization and process method allows the production of special nitrile rubbers which are characterized by a specific anion content and an excellent storage stability and allow a particularly good vulcanization rate and moreover result in vulcanized materials that have advantageous properties, especially with regard to the contact with metal components of molded parts based on said vulcanized materials.

A holding device (1) holds a lens (6) at its lens edge (5) with the aid of an adhesive connection (16, 17). The adhesive connection (16, 17) is applied only at one adhesive point or only at two spaced apart adhesive points (16, 17). Each holding device (1) provided with a lens (6) is positioned on the dip frame in such a manner that the lens (6) is positioned above its holding device (1). A method is provided for finishing lenses (6) wherein the lenses (6) are subjected to various sequential finishing steps of a finishing process and the lenses (6) are cemented to the same holding device during finishing. The application of adhesive is only at one adhesive point or at two spaced apart adhesive points (16, 17).

There is provided an imprinting apparatus that transfers a pattern of a mold to a resin on a substrate, the imprinting apparatus including a deposition mechanism configured to deposit the resin onto the substrate; a first driving mechanism configured to change a relative position, on a plane parallel to the surface of the substrate, of the substrate and the mold; a second driving mechanism configured to change the relative position, on a plane parallel to the surface of the substrate, of the substrate and the deposition mechanism; and a control unit configured to control the deposition mechanism and the driving mechanism so as to perform a resin deposition process of depositing the resin onto the substrate and an imprint process of transferring the pattern of the mold to the resin on the substrate in parallel.

A system and method for making a layered dental appliance. The system can include a first portion comprising a negative of a first layer of a layered dental appliance, and a second portion comprising a positive shape of a second layer of the layered dental appliance. The method can include providing a mold comprising a negative of an outer shape of a layered dental appliance, and positioning a slurry in the mold, forming a first layer of the layered dental appliance. The method can further include providing a solid structure comprising a positive shape of a second layer of the layered dental appliance, and pressing the solid structure into the slurry in the mold.

The invention relates to a method and a device for producing and treating plastic pellets. According to said method, a melt of the plastic material is granulated to give pellets, the pellets are cooled in a cooling fluid, the pellets are separated from the cooling fluid and the pellets are crystallized. The device according to the invention is characterized by comprising a control unit which monitors the crystallization step and controls the method in such a manner that, in case of a disturbance of crystallization, the pellets are supplied to an intermediate storage alter separation of the pellets from the cooling fluid and, as soon as the disturbance is removed, the pellets temporarily stored in the intermediate storage are supplied to crystallization and are crystallized.

A method is for molding a gas hydrate pellet for improving convenience of handling of a natural gas hydrate during transportation and storage, and thereby improving the practical use of the natural gas hydrate. Gas hydrate slurry is fed in a compression chamber, and pressure and compression are applied to the gas hydrate slurry by advancing a compression plunger. At that time, a stroking speed of the compression plunger is set minimum, preferably less than a value expressed by a stroke length of the compression plunger at compression×10−2 (m/min. By advancing the compression plunger at low speed, binding between particles of the gas hydrate is tightened, thereby the gas hydrate pellet with increased shearing strength can be molded.

The invention relates to a method for the production of a layered or stacked inorganic/organic composite material, a predominantly inorganic material being provided and a polymer material being provided, characterized in that the predominantly inorganic material has a glass transition temperature or melting temperature lower than 500° C., that the predominantly inorganic material and the polymer material are each molten, and that the predominantly inorganic material and the polymer material are coextruded from the melt and thus form the composite material.

Disclosed herein is a method for utilizing the exothermic energy generated by a low temperature cure reaction to access a high-temperature cure reaction, which is otherwise energetically inaccessible at a chosen tool temperature, thereby producing a cured resin matrix with properties closely matching to those produced via high-temperature cure reactions but achieved via a short cure time and low cure temperature. Also disclosed is a short-cure resin composition containing: (a) at least one multifunctional epoxy resin having an epoxy functionality of greater than 1; (b) a hardener composition containing (i) at least one aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amine curing agent having one or more amino groups per molecule; (ii) at least one aromatic amine curing agent having one or more amino groups per molecule; and optionally, (iii) an imidazole as curing accelerator. The improved properties of this resin composition include being curable at a temperature of ≦120° C. for a time period of less than 10 minutes to achieve a degree of cure higher than that derived from the same composition with just (i) aliphatic/cycloaliphatic amine or (ii) aromatic amine in isolation.

Method of manufacturing a fibre-reinforced composite moulding, the method comprising the steps of: (a) disposing at least one layer of fibrous reinforcing material within a mould; (b) disposing at least one pre-preg layer adiacent to the fibrous reinforcing material, the pre-preg layer comprising fibrous reinforcement at least partially impregnated with uncured first resin material, to form a laminar assembly of the at least one layer of fibrous reinforcing material and the at least one pre-preg layer within the mould; (c) applying a vacuum to the assembly; (d) infusing a flowable uncured second resin material, under the vacuum, into the at least one layer of fibrous reinforcing material; and (e) curing the first and second resin materials at least partially simultaneously to form the fibre-reinforced composite moulding which comprises at least one first structural portion formed from the fibrous reinforcement and the cured first resin material bonded to at least one second structural portion formed from the at least one layer of fibrous reinforcing material and the cured second resin material.

A method serves to produce a three-dimensional object by additive construction in direct construction sequence from solidifiable material, which is either present in the starting state in a fluid phase or can be liquefied, where multiple material components are discharged alternately in a programmable manner by means of multiple discharge units and configure different parts of the object joined to one another as a result of the discharge, where the geometric proportions obtained during discharge already correspond to the object, and because the material components form between them either edge regions merging into one another without boundaries or boundary regions of the different material components abutting one another without joining, a method and an object produced therewith can be provided, in which boundary and edge regions are formed “as if from one piece” between different material components even in the case of complex geometries.

An injection tool for the production of components by an injection-molding method, the injection tool including several cavities for shaping one respective product, an injection nozzle for injecting plastic materials for each cavity, and an actuating device. The injection nozzle has an injection channel which can be closed by a nozzle needle in order to control the injection process. The actuating device is arranged to move the nozzle needle in an axial direction between a first end position and a second end position, with an adjustable stop being provided which defines the first end position.

When a molded fabric body (X) is impregnated with a powder (K) of a predetermined material, there are performed a first step of dispersing the powder (K) in a liquid to prepare a slurry, and a second step of burying the molded fabric body (X) made of fiber bundles in the slurry and vibrating the slurry by use of a predetermined vibrator (M). Furthermore, in the second step, the vibrator (M) is moved along a surface of the molded fabric body (X). As a result, it is possible to improve the rate of impregnation of the powder (K) more than that in the conventional cases, irrespective of the shape of the molded fabric body (X).

The present invention generally pertains to multilayer film including four or more discrete layers. The films contain two external layers, an internal stiffening layer and an internal shrink layer. The external layers include linear low density polyethylene resin, the stiffening layer includes polypropylene or a high density polyethylene and the shrink layer includes low density polyethylene. The multilayer films of the present invention have a gloss of at least 62% at 45 degrees, together with a 2% secant tensile modulus greater than 400 MPa.

A thermoplastic composition that contains a rigid renewable polyester and has a voided structure and low density is provided. To achieve such a structure, the renewable polyester is blended with a polymeric toughening additive to form a precursor material in which the toughening additive can be dispersed as discrete physical domains within a continuous matrix of the renewable polyester. The precursor material is thereafter stretched or drawn at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the polyester (i.e., “cold drawn”). This creates a network of voids located adjacent to the discrete domains, which as a result of their proximal location, can form a bridge between the boundaries of the voids and act as internal structural “hinges” that help stabilize the network and increase its ability to dissipate energy. The present inventors have also discovered that the voids can be distributed in a substantially homogeneous fashion throughout the composition.

The method includes the steps of: obtaining lateral magnification of an optical scanning system; obtaining the maximum value of thickness in the optical axis direction of an scanner lens; obtaining allowance b on one side and beam diameter a in the vertical scanning direction in the lens; and obtaining width h in the vertical scanning direction of the lens by the following expression h=a+2b. The allowance b is a product of the maximum value of thickness in the optical axis direction of the lens and a coefficient, and the coefficient is determined according to the lateral magnification of the system in such a way that the maximum value of movement of the focal point of the lens due to moisture absorption is made smaller than or equal to a predetermined value.

A spray-drying apparatus includes a drying chamber that has a first end, a second end, and at least one side wall extending between the first and second ends to define an interior of the drying chamber having a center axis. A nozzle can be positioned at the first end of the drying chamber and be configured to atomize liquid and spray the atomized liquid into the interior of the drying chamber at a maximum spray pattern angle relative to the center axis. A ratio of the length between the first end and second end to a maximum width between opposing internal surfaces of the interior of the drying chamber can be at least 5 to 1.

An information processing device includes first encoding means for encoding an image by placing strip-shaped areas in the upper and lower sides, second encoding means for encoding data of first subtitles displayed in a third area formed by joining at least a part of one area of a first area and a second area together with the other area, first generating means for generating information referred to form the third area, and second generating means for generating the contents including the video stream, a stream of the first subtitles, and the control information.

A moving image recording apparatus generates first moving image data and second moving image data having less number of pixels than that of the first moving image data, records a moving image file including generated moving image data into a recording medium, and in the case that the first moving image data is outputted to the external apparatus for recording the first moving image data, controls so as to generate the second moving image data concurrently with the outputting of the first moving image data and controls to record a moving image file including the generated second moving image data into the recording medium, wherein outputting an instruction for closing a moving image file including the first moving image data to the external apparatus is controlled in accordance with the moving image file including the second moving image data being recorded into the recording medium having been closed.

A video processing apparatus is provided. The video processing apparatus includes: an inputter inputting video signals of a plurality of systems, and a processor generating processed video signals by performing switching on the video signals of two or more systems input into the inputter. Further, the video processing apparatus includes: a time code generator generating a time code, and a time code adder adding the time code to the input video signals and the generated video signals respectively, outputs the video signals with the time code to be recorded in a recording medium.

A media recording device automatically records selected broadcast programs according to categories specified by the user, without requiring the user to specify in advance which programs are to be recorded. The recorded programs are then presented to the user for selection, and the selected programs may be played back immediately or saved for later playback. Each broadcast program may be allocated a priority, and the device may decide which programs to record or delete according to their relative priority. For each broadcast program, a corresponding visibility period may be specified, during which the program can be selected for playback and is not deleted. There may be a delay between the broadcast of the program and the beginning of its visibility period. An expiry time may be specified for each program, after which the program is deleted. There may be a delay between the end of the visibility period and the expiry time.

A data creation device performing compression encoding on first frame images showing a view from a first viewpoint and second frame images showing a view from a second viewpoint generates a stream in an MPEG-2 format, and base-view/dependent-view video streams in a format conforming to an MPEG-4 MVC format. The stream in the MPEG-2 format is generated by performing compression encoding on the first frame images. The base-view video stream is a stream of dummy data having the same number of frames as and a smaller data amount than the stream in the MPEG-2 format. The dependent-view video stream is obtained by performing compression encoding on each frame of the second frame images, with reference to a frame of the stream in the MPEG-2 format to be presented at the same time as a frame of the base-view video stream corresponding to the frame of the second frame images.

Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer readable-media for adaptive media playback based on destination. The method for adaptive media playback comprises determining one or more destinations, collecting media content that is relevant to or describes the one or more destinations, assembling the media content into a program, and outputting the program. In various embodiments, media content may be advertising, consumer-generated, based on real-time events, based on a schedule, or assembled to fit within an estimated available time. Media content may be assembled using an adaptation engine that selects a plurality of media segments that fit in the estimated available time, orders the plurality of media segments, alters at least one of the plurality of media segments to fit the estimated available time, if necessary, and creates a playlist of selected media content containing the plurality of media segments.

The present invention relates to a method for selecting an appropriate mode when performing a new broadcast, such as a 3D stereo broadcast, a UHDTV broadcast, and a multi-view broadcast, among others, while maintaining compatibility with existing broadcasting channels in an MPEG-2-TS format for transmitting and receiving digital TV, and to a method for recognizing a descriptor. To this end, the present invention suggests providing the descriptor which is related to synthesizing left and right images using the type of stream, existence of the descriptor, and a frame-compatible mode flag.

A method and apparatus for providing additional information included in a video displayed on a display device using visible light communication (VLC). A data packet including video data and additional information for an object included in the video data is received. The video data is extracted from the data packet, and the video data is decoded. The additional information from the data packet is extracted, and the additional information decoded. The decoded video data is output through the display device, and at the same time, the additional information is transmitted for a particular object included in a video based on a VLC protocol using a light emitting device prepared in the display device. The additional information providing apparatus includes an image sensor module, a display module, a visible light receiving module, an additional information manager and a controller.

A method and a playback control device are provided. The method, performed by the playback control device, includes: receiving a first request to playback a first data of a first wireless multimedia data type having a first priority; and playing back the first data if no other data of a wireless multimedia data type having a priority higher than the first priority is received.

A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a computing device operative in an interactive television (iTV) network, including a controller to: receive a signal from a first communication device to start a first media evaluation session of media content and associate a first user-generated comment with the media content; receive, at a different time, a signal from at least a second communication device to start a second media evaluation session of the media content and associate a second user-generated comment with the media content; synchronize the first user-generated comment and the second user-generated comment into a single commentary timeline; and insert the synchronized user-generated comments in a temporal vicinity of the media content as an overlay for playback by a media device. Other embodiments are disclosed.

An information storage medium storing subtitle text-based information, and a method and apparatus utilizing same, process a subtitle The information storage medium includes: dialog information which contains script text information of the subtitle and information specifying an output type of the script text; and presentation information which contains style information used to convert the script text into a bitmap format through rendering. With this structure, the amount of data required for a subtitle and the amount of data that should be processed when a subtitle is output may be greatly reduced.

Systems and methods are provided for generating a composite video based on a plurality of asynchronously recorded input video streams. A plurality of segments of the input video streams are identified. A number of the input video streams that were recording during the particular segment are determined. A video display configuration for the particular segment is determined based on the number of video streams that were recording, where the video display configuration includes a display sub-region for each of the number of video streams that was recording. A composite video is generated, where the composite video includes a portion of video associated with each of the segments, where the composite video portion associated with the particular segment is formatted according to the video display configuration and displays the video streams that were recording during the particular segment in the display sub-regions of the video display configuration.

In one embodiment, a method includes obtaining a link to a video program; obtaining metadata that relates to the program and that defines, for a specified time point in the program, annotations to be invoked at the specified time point; wherein the annotations comprise: a graphic image; one or more filters, each of the filters comprising a key and one or more matching values; and optionally a reference to a video segment, an electronic document, program code statements, or a programmatic call; during playing the video, detecting that the video program is playing at the specified time point; in response to the detecting: for each particular annotation for the specified time point, retrieving a current value for the key, and causing to display the graphic image associated with that particular annotation only when the current value of the key matches one of the matching values of one of the filters.

An interesting section identifying device for identifying an interesting section of a video file based on an audio signal included in the video file, the interesting section being a section in which a user is estimated to express interest, includes an interesting section candidate extracting unit that extracts an interesting section candidate from the video file, the interesting section candidate being a candidate for the interesting section, a detailed structure determining unit that determines whether the interesting section candidate includes a specific detailed structure, and an interesting section identifying unit that identifies the interesting section by analyzing a specific section when the detailed structure determining unit determines that the interesting section candidate includes the detailed structure, the specific section including the detailed structure and being shorter than the interesting section candidate.

A recording system includes a receiving apparatus and a recording apparatus. The receiving apparatus includes a creation section and a reservation control section. The recording apparatus includes a recording section and a recording control section.

An image processing apparatus sequentially displays time-series images. The apparatus includes a movement-direction-change image extracting unit that detects a movement between images constituting the time-series images and extracts an image of which a movement direction is changed based on the detected movement between images; and a display speed controller that controls display speeds of the image extracted by the movement-direction-change image extracting unit and images adjacent to the image at a level relatively lower than display speeds of other images.

Methods and apparatus for switching between a live video decoding and a recorded playback in a digital video and recording system. A received video data stream is transmitted to a first-in first-out video decoder buffer without first looping the video data stream through a playback buffer. The video data stream is transmitted from the video decoder buffer to a video decoder. If a “pause” command is received, the video data stream is transmitted to a first-in first-out playback buffer, while continuing to transmit the video data stream to the video decoder buffer. Transmission of the video data stream to the video decoder buffer is halted when the video decoder buffer fills up. The last byte of the video data stream that was transmitted to the video decoder buffer is marked. If a “play” command is received, the video data stored in the video decoder buffer is transmitted to the video decoder. The video data stored in the playback buffer is transmitted to the video decoder buffer starting at a point immediately after the data element that was marked previously.