We therefore need a “copernician” change in our approach to the growth – inequality nexus: let’s not think growth first, and inequality thereafter but let’s consider both of them, together, in their circularity. In other words, let’s think “Inclusive Growth”, right from the start, and let’s make it another touchstone of our efforts and complement the Pittsburgh tryptic of strong, sustainable and balanced growth!

Paris, 14 March 2016: Organised by the OECD-hosted Freedom of Investment Round-table, this conference will explore how governments are balancing investor protection and how to improve balance through new institutions.

Banks Balance Sheet in Portugal decreased to 418685.90 EUR Million in February from 420783.90 EUR Million in January of 2020. Banks Balance Sheet in Portugal averaged 251921.96 EUR Million from 1979 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 583296.90 EUR Million in February of 2012 and a record low of 6272.30 EUR Million in January of 1980. This page provides - Portugal Banks Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Angola recorded a trade surplus of 4933 USD Million in the third quarter of 2019. Balance of Trade in Angola averaged 9924.08 USD Million from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 42932 USD Million in the fourth quarter of 2008 and a record low of 958.33 USD Million in the first quarter of 2015. Angola exports mostly crude oil (more than 90% of total exports) and small quantities of diamonds, coffee, sisal and fish. Angola main exports partners are China (more than 40% of total exports), followed by the United States, India, France, Taiwan, South Africa and Canada. Angola imports machinery and electrical equipment, vehicles and spare parts; medicines, food, textiles and military goods. Portugal is the main supplier of the Angolan economy (18% of total imports) followed by China, United States, Brazil and South Africa. This page provides the latest reported value for - Angola Balance of Trade - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

An overview of the long-term care situation in New Zealand is available here.

Several OECD countries have published their plans for the development of a future bioeconomy, in which bio-based materials and production techniques will contribute significantly to economic and environmental sustainability. The case for support for bio-based chemicals and plastics therefore warrants serious attention.

In a boost for international efforts to strengthen co-operation against offshore tax evasion, seven new countries have joined the agreement to exchange information automatically under the OECD/G20 standard.

Banks Balance Sheet in Ukraine decreased to 2031565 UAH Million in February from 2033281 UAH Million in January of 2020. Banks Balance Sheet in Ukraine averaged 1342014.65 UAH Million from 2007 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2033281 UAH Million in January of 2020 and a record low of 374153.94 UAH Million in February of 2007. This page provides - Ukraine Banks Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Banks Balance Sheet in Luxembourg increased to 1182739 EUR Million in November from 1166878 EUR Million in October of 2019. Banks Balance Sheet in Luxembourg averaged 1004696 EUR Million from 2001 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1345434 EUR Million in October of 2008 and a record low of 711466 EUR Million in January of 2001. This page provides the latest reported value for - Luxembourg Banks Balance Sheet - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Trade Balance - Cumulative in South Africa increased to 12127.31 ZAR Million in March from -2986.13 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Trade Balance - Cumulative in South Africa averaged -64972.52 ZAR Million from 2013 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12127.31 ZAR Million in March of 2020 and a record low of -198550.91 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Trade Balance - Cumulative.

Myanmar recorded a trade deficit of 66.30 USD Million in September of 2019. Balance of Trade in Myanmar averaged -206.88 USD Million from 2010 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 593.30 USD Million in August of 2011 and a record low of -948.50 USD Million in July of 2015. Myanmar had been trading mostly with neighboring countries due to political circumstances and poor infrastructure, but the change to democracy is likely to allow access to new markets. Oil and natural gas dominate Myanmar's exports. Other exports include vegetables, wood, fish, clothing, rubber and fruits. Myanmar mainly imports fuel, vegetable oil, vehicles, pharmaceutical products, construction equipment, polymers, tires and machinery. Myanmar's main trading partners are China, India, Japan, Indonesia, Germany and Hong-Kong. This page provides - Myanmar Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Banks Balance Sheet in Morocco decreased to 1426031 MAD Million in February from 1431200 MAD Million in January of 2020. Banks Balance Sheet in Morocco averaged 872056.34 MAD Million from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1448618 MAD Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 360422.93 MAD Million in March of 2002. This page provides - Morocco Banks Balance Sheet - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This paper reviews currency-based measures (CBMs) directed at banks in 49 countries between 2005 and 2013. These measures apply a discrimination, such as less favourable treatment, on the basis of the currency of an operation, typically foreign currencies. The new data shows that CBMs have been increasingly used in the post-crisis period, including for macro-prudential purposes.

Paris, 25 May 2018 - Following a keynote speech from Emmanuelle Auriol, Professor at Toulouse School of Economics and Chair of Women in Economics of the European Economic Association, discussions at this event will explore some of the issues emerging from the gender biases evident in the field of economics.

Nepal recorded a trade deficit of 103773.70 Million NPR in December of 2019. Balance of Trade in Nepal averaged -37973.27 Million NPR from 2001 until 2019, reaching an all time high of -3913.30 Million NPR in October of 2001 and a record low of -132194.70 Million NPR in September of 2018. Nepal’s lack of infrastructure and geographic constraints has led to chronic trade deficits. Nepal mainly exports iron and steel, knotted carpets, textiles, plastics, hollow tubes, beverages and vegetables. Nepal mainly imports oil, gold, iron and steel, clothes, pharmaceutical products, cement, electronic appliances, food and vehicles. This page provides - Nepal Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Banks Balance Sheet in Brunei decreased to 16853.63 BND Million in September from 16891.02 BND Million in August of 2019. Banks Balance Sheet in Brunei averaged 17979.12 BND Million from 2011 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 21121 BND Million in December of 2011 and a record low of 16118 BND Million in February of 2011. This page provides - Brunei Banks Balance Sheet- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Malawi recorded a trade deficit of 91901 MWK Million in June of 2019. Balance of Trade in Malawi averaged -28712.58 MWK Million from 2000 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 4926 MWK Million in November of 2009 and a record low of -187035.40 MWK Million in August of 2018. Malawi’s landlocked location increases import costs and poses an obstacle to exports. Malawi is dependent on imports of fuel and consumer goods. However, tobacco trade (55 percent of total exports) represents a major source of income for the country. Malawi’s main trading partners are: South Africa, Zambia, China and United States. This page provides - Malawi Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Banks Balance Sheet in Greece decreased to 308964.26 EUR Million in March from 314569.78 EUR Million in February of 2020. Banks Balance Sheet in Greece averaged 327086.40 EUR Million from 1998 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 544679.70 EUR Million in June of 2010 and a record low of 141300.10 EUR Million in March of 1998. This page provides the latest reported value for - Greece Banks Balance Sheet - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Cyprus recorded a trade deficit of 539694 EUR Thousand in February of 2020. Balance of Trade in Cyprus averaged -207406.81 EUR Thousand from 1975 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 158661 EUR Thousand in March of 2018 and a record low of -925948 EUR Thousand in May of 2016. Trade is an integral part of the recent economic success of Cyprus, as the island nation falls short of being self-sufficient for food and fuel. As such, Cyprus is a net importer of fuels, raw materials, heavy machinery and transportation equipment. Cyprus mostly exports citrus fruits, cement, potatoes, clothing and pharmaceuticals. Cyprus' largest, and most important, trading partner is the European Union, which accounts for 50% of all Cypriot trade flows, followed by the Middle East, destination for 20% of exports from Cyprus. In the European Union, the UK and Greece account for the largest share of trade due to historical connections. Recent discoveries of offshore gas will likely diminish Cyprus' need for importing energy and lead to a shift in the composition of its exports. This page provides - Cyprus Balance of Trade - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This note is taken from Chapter 2 of Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth 2012.

Over the last four years we have lived and worked under the impact of the greatest economic crisis of our lifetimes. Recent actions in Europe have cleared a bit the fog but the confidence in the markets is still shaky and the long-term growth perspective of Europe is muted.

Low growth and huge current account deficits have characterised the Portuguese economy over the past decade.

The balance of economic power is expected to shift dramatically over the next half century, with fast-growing emerging-market economies accounting for an ever-increasing share of global output, according to a new OECD report.

The euro area crisis finds its roots in the credit booms seen in many countries following the introduction of the euro in 1999. Easy credit led to strong growth in a range of sectors, notably housing, as well as higher levels of public spending. Inflation in these over-heating economies was higher than the euro area as a whole. Rising prices led to rising costs and a loss of international competitiveness.

Structural reforms offer governments a powerful tool to boost economic growth, create jobs and bring about a strong and balanced economic recovery, according to the OECD’s latest Going for Growth report.

A simple econometric framework is presented linking current account balances of euro area countries to intra and extra euro area competitiveness, cyclical positions, fiscal positions and the oil price.

Austerity programmes to restore order to public finances can add to the woes of already struggling economies, leading to more job losses and social hardship. But there are ways for governments to put their fiscal houses in order, while supporting growth and reducing income inequality at the same time.

As its workforce ages and major economies shift towards producing higher value-added goods and services, New Zealand will face increasing challenges to remain globally competitive and maintain high living standards. Future growth will need to come increasingly from productivity gains, and resources will have to shift towards activities that rely more on skills, technology and intangible assets.

The NZ labour market is among the most flexible in the OECD, and outcomes for its young people have been among the best. However, labour-market opportunities are heavily determined by initial education, where New Zealand’s system is also successful and innovative in many ways.

We therefore need a “copernician” change in our approach to the growth – inequality nexus: let’s not think growth first, and inequality thereafter but let’s consider both of them, together, in their circularity. In other words, let’s think “Inclusive Growth”, right from the start, and let’s make it another touchstone of our efforts and complement the Pittsburgh tryptic of strong, sustainable and balanced growth!

The New Zealand economy has performed well in recent years, but bottlenecks in housing and urban infrastructure, inequalities in living standards and rising environmental pressures all pose challenges for sustaining robust growth and high levels of well-being over the long term, according to the OECD’s latest Economic Survey of New Zealand.

New Zealand generally performs well in terms of economic and social inclusion. It has high employment rates, and education and health-care systems work well for most.

The generous Danish welfare state relies on a high degree of labour force participation both for financing and in order to ensure social cohesion.

The generous Danish welfare state relies on a high degree of labour force participation both for financing and in order to ensure social cohesion.

Turkey’s manufacturing sector has expanded considerably but not efficiently and competitively enough.

Turkey’s manufacturing sector has expanded considerably but not efficiently and competitively enough.

The New Zealand economy continues enjoying a strong, broad-based expansion, driven by booming tourism, high net inward migration, solid construction activity and supportive monetary policy.

New Zealand has experienced robust economic growth since 2012, buoyed by record levels of inward migration and strong terms of trade. Employment has expanded vigorously, reversing much of the increase in unemployment since the onset of the global financial crisis.

Productivity growth will be the main driver of global economic growth and prosperity over the coming decades. For New Zealand, this represents both a challenge and an opportunity, as NZ productivity is below that of leading OECD countries.

New Zealand enjoyed strong economic growth during 2016, driven by high net inward migration, solid construction activity, booming tourism and supportive monetary policy, although in per capita terms growth has been more in line with that in other advanced economies.

While India’s per capita income is converging towards that of the richer countries, inequality has drifted up.

New Zealand ranks highly on most indicators of well-being, but incomes are below the OECD average due to low labour productivity.

Technological change is increasing the productivity of highly skilled workers but creating more challenging labour-market conditions for their low-skilled counterparts.

The Nordics are rightly renowned for being inclusive societies with low inequality compared to other OECD countries. However, some of the largest inequality increases over the past few decades took place in Sweden, Finland and Denmark.

Global trade imbalances narrowed in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. They have remained at a lower level but are still of concern to policy makers because of the risks they pose to individual economies, as well as globally.

Effective macroeconomic and structural policies helped Turkey bounce back quickly and strongly from the global crisis, with annual growth averaging close to 9% over 2010-11

Austerity programmes to restore order to public finances can add to the woes of already struggling economies, leading to more job losses and social hardship. But there are ways for governments to put their fiscal houses in order, while supporting growth and reducing income inequality at the same time.

After peaking in the first half of 2008, international imbalances declined sharply during the global crisis of 2008-09, in part reflecting cyclical factors such as large contractions in domestic demand on the back of bursting housing bubbles in a number of deficit countries, as well as large declines in cross-border capital flows, interest rates and commodity prices.

On 19 September 1893 New Zealand became the first self-governing country in the world to grant the right to vote to all adult women. New Zealand's Permanent Representative to the OECD Rosemary Banks says the 120th anniversary of this decision is an time to reflect on that achievement.

Turkey recovered swiftly from the global financial crisis but sizeable macroeconomic imbalances arose in the process.