Title: Complications Common, Costly With Some Kidney Stone Treatments
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2014 12:35:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Stem Cells Used to Regenerate Heart Muscle in Monkeys
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2014 2:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Preschoolers Getting Too Much Screen Time: Survey
Category: Health News
Created: 5/2/2014 12:36:00 PM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2014 12:00:00 AM

Title: Doctor Salaries and Job Satisfaction: New Survey
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: ER Practices Key to Helping Those Addicted to Painkillers: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/29/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Surge in Pollen May Spur Many Cases of Dry Eye
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Better Diabetes Blood Sugar Management Leads to Fewer Eye Surgeries
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Colorado Dog Key to U.S. Plague Outbreak, Study Confirms
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Most Americans Turn to Prayer for Healing, Survey Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 4/22/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/25/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: Antibody Shot Protects Monkeys From HIV-Like Infection
Category: Health News
Created: 4/27/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2016 12:00:00 AM

Title: Seniors Often Have Trouble Managing Money, Medicines
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: When Grandparents Raise Grandkids, Are They Up to Date on Child Safety?
Category: Health News
Created: 5/4/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/4/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Dental Anxiety Has Consequences Beyond Tooth Decay
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/4/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: Mom's Money Worries May Mean Smaller Baby
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2017 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/4/2017 12:00:00 AM

Title: After Age 50, Yearly Eye Checks May Catch Common Cause of Vision Loss
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Protect Your Eyes During Sports
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: End-of-Life Care Saves Money
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Understanding Diabetic Eye Disease
Category: Health News
Created: 5/4/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/4/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Food for Thought: Keys to Fruitful Fertility
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/4/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: Sex Still Matters to Many Seniors, Survey Finds
Category: Health News
Created: 5/3/2018 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/4/2018 12:00:00 AM

Title: In a World First, Drone Delivers Kidney for Transplant
Category: Health News
Created: 4/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: 'Microbiome' May Be Key to Autism Symptoms
Category: Health News
Created: 5/1/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/2/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: More Money, Better Heart Health? Not Always
Category: Health News
Created: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Kidney Pain vs. Back Pain
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 12/20/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Preventing Eye Injuries
Category: Health News
Created: 1/17/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 1/17/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: New Drug Could Help Stop Blindness From Thyroid Eye Disease
Category: Health News
Created: 1/22/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 1/23/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Many Americans in the Dark About Eye Health
Category: Health News
Created: 1/26/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 1/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Many Seniors Think They See Better Than They Actually Do
Category: Health News
Created: 2/5/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/6/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: With Macular Degeneration, 1 Missed Visit to Eye Doc Can Mean Vision Loss
Category: Health News
Created: 2/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 2/10/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Eylea (aflibercept)
Category: Medications
Created: 4/25/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/25/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Key Areas of the Brain Triggered in Recent Heart Attack Survivors
Category: Health News
Created: 5/5/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/6/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Kidney Dysplasia: In Infants and Children
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/22/2012 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: The Sooner Young Smokers Start, The Less Likely They Are to Quit
Category: Health News
Created: 4/13/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM

Bill Hanage describes the many uncertainties surrounding current data examining the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2.

Title: Peyronie's Disease (Curvature of the Penis)
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 11/14/2002 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 12/5/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Don't Use Pricey New HIV PrEP Drug When Generics Available: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 3/9/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/10/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Money Not a Good Measure of Your Self-Worth
Category: Health News
Created: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/15/2020 12:00:00 AM

ABSTRACT

Microbes affect vertebrates on timescales from daily to evolutionary, and the cumulative effect of these interactions is immense. However, how microbiomes compare across (host) species is poorly understood, as most studies focus on relatively few species. A recent mBio article by S. J. Song, J. G. Sanders, F. Delsuc, J. Metcalf, et al. (mBio 11:e02901-19, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02901-19) expands our collective understanding of the vertebrate microbiome by analyzing ~900 species. They demonstrate that patterns within mammals contrast with those within birds. Their results suggest many hypotheses about the role of host ecology and evolution on microbiome variation. Bats, the only volant mammals, appear to contradict many of the general mammal microbiome trends, in some ways resembling birds. What role has powered flight, and the evolution thereof, played in microbiome structure and function? Comparative methods, mechanistic hypotheses, and theory will elucidate this exciting question (and others) that we can ask using Song, Sanders et al.’s data and results.

Scotland is committed to be a carbon-neutral society by 2040 and has achieved the important initial step of decarbonizing power production. However, more ambitious measures are required to fully decarbonize all of the electricity, transport and heating sectors.

We explore the potential to use low-carbon GeoEnergy resources and bioenergy combined with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) in the Midland Valley area to decarbonize the Scottish economy and society. The Midland Valley has a long history of geological resource extraction and, as a result, the geology of the region is well characterized.

Geothermal energy and subsurface energy storage have the potential to be implemented. Some of them, such as gravity and heat storage, could re-use the redundant mining infrastructure to decrease investment costs. Hydrogen storage could be of particular interest as the Midland Valley offers the required caprock–reservoir assemblages. BECCS is also a promising option to reduce overall CO₂ emissions by between 1.10 and 4.40 MtCO₂ a^–1. The Midland Valley has enough space to grow the necessary crops, but CO₂ storage will most likely be implemented in North Sea saline aquifers. The studied aspects suggest that the Midland Valley represents a viable option in Scotland for the exploitation of the majority of low-carbon GeoEnergy resources.

Thematic collection: This article is part of the ‘Early Career Research’ available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/SJG-early-career-research

Objective

To explore practice differences in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), which is complicated by issues with sensitivity/specificity of antibody testing, nonspecific MRI/EEG/CSF findings, and competing differential diagnoses.

We appreciate the readers' comments on the prevalence and impact of apathy on quality of life among individuals with Parkinson disease. In constructing our survey instrument, we discussed the inclusion of apathy as a symptom. However, we ultimately opted against inclusion because of concerns about the specificity of terminology in our online survey. Patients and care partners may not be familiar with the term "apathy,"and near-synonyms such as "reduced motivation" have substantial overlap with other nonmotor features. Still, as the readers point out, apathy is extremely common and under-recognized. Similar to many of the nonmotor symptoms identified in our study,¹ we agree that clinicians should be screening for apathy among those with Parkinson disease.

We read with great interest the study by Tarolli et al.,¹ which explored the burden of disease in Parkinson disease (PD) by evaluating the prevalence of nonmotor symptoms and their association with quality of life. The authors selected nonmotor symptoms based on literature review, expert opinions, and patient interviews. We note that apathy, which has major consequences for patients and carers, was not included as a relevant nonmotor symptom in their study. We performed a subcohort analysis of 60 patients from a study of pain in PD in 110 outpatients (PaCoMo-study, registered trial number: NL6311402917 [toetsingonline.nl]). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records to check whether the clinician identified apathy in these patients in the previous year, which was the case in 15% of the patients (n = 9). Blind to those results, patients were examined with the Apathy Scale (AS).² In total, 63.3% (n = 38) of the patients scored positive on the AS. Only 18.4% of the patients who scored positive on the AS were also classified or mentioned with apathy in the medical records by clinicians.

Key Points

The Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma 2)-related protein Nr-13 plays a major role in the regulation of cell death in developing avian B cells. With over 65% sequence similarity to the chicken Nr-13, herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) vNr-13, encoded by the HVT079 and HVT096 genes, is the first known alphaherpesvirus-encoded Bcl-2 homolog. HVT-infected cells were reported to be relatively more resistant to serum starvation, suggested that vNr-13 could be involved in protecting the cells. Here, we describe CRISPR/Cas9-based editing of exon 1 of the HVT079 and HVT096 genes from the HVT genome to generate the mutant HVT-vNr-13 to gain insights into its functional roles. Overall, wild-type HVT and HVT-vNr-13 showed similar growth kinetics; however, at early time points, HVT-vNr-13 showed 1.3- to 1.7-fold-lower growth of cell-associated virus and 3- to 6.2-fold-lower growth of cell-free virus. In transfected cells, HVT vNr-13 showed a mainly diffuse cytoplasmic distribution with faint nuclear staining. Further, vNr-13 localized to the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and disrupted mitochondrial network morphology in the transfected cells. In the wild-type HVT-infected cells, vNr-13 expression appeared to be directly involved in the disruption of the mitochondrial network, as the mitochondrial network morphology was substantially restored in the HVT-vNr-13-infected cells. IncuCyte S3 real-time apoptosis monitoring demonstrated that vNr-13 is unequivocally involved in the apoptosis inhibition, and it is associated with an increase of PFU, especially under serum-free conditions in the later stages of the viral replication cycle. Furthermore, HVT blocks apoptosis in infected cells but activates apoptosis in noninfected bystander cells.

IMPORTANCE B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins play important roles in regulating apoptosis during homeostasis, tissue development, and infectious diseases. Several viruses encode homologs of cellular Bcl-2-proteins (vBcl-2) to inhibit apoptosis, which enable them to replicate and persist in the infected cells and to evade/modulate the immune response of the host. Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is a nonpathogenic alphaherpesvirus of turkeys and chickens that is widely used as a live vaccine against Marek’s disease and as recombinant vaccine viral vectors for protecting against multiple avian diseases. Identical copies of the HVT genes HVT079 and HVT096 encode the Bcl-2 homolog vNr-13. While previous studies have identified the potential ability of vNr-13 in inhibiting apoptosis induced by serum deprivation, there have been no detailed investigations on the functions of vNr-13. Using CRISPR/Cas9-based ablation of the vNr-13 gene, we demonstrated the roles of HVT vNr-13 in early stages of the viral replication cycle, mitochondrial morphology disruption, and apoptosis inhibition in later stages of viral replication.

Genetic variants within complement factor H (CFH), a major alternative complement pathway regulator, are associated with the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other complementopathies. This is explained with the reduced binding of CFH or its splice variant factor H-like protein 1 (FHL-1) to self-ligands or altered self-ligands (e.g.,...

Vanessa Corby-Harris, Megan E. Deeter, Lucy Snyder, Charlotte Meador, Ashley C. Welchert, Amelia Hoffman, and Bethany T. Obernesser

Recent widespread honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony loss is attributed to a variety of stressors, including parasites, pathogens, pesticides and poor nutrition. In principle, we can reduce stress-induced declines in colony health by either removing the stressor or increasing the bees' tolerance to the stressor. This latter option requires a better understanding than we currently have of how honey bees respond to stress. Here, we investigated how octopamine, a stress-induced hormone that mediates invertebrate physiology and behavior, influences the health of young nurse-aged bees. Specifically, we asked whether octopamine induces abdominal lipid and hypopharyngeal gland (HG) degradation, two physiological traits of stressed nurse bees. Nurse-aged workers were treated topically with octopamine and their abdominal lipid content, HG size and HG autophagic gene expression were measured. Hemolymph lipid titer was measured to determine whether tissue degradation was associated with the release of nutrients from these tissues into the hemolymph. The HGs of octopamine-treated bees were smaller than control bees and had higher levels of HG autophagy gene expression. Octopamine-treated bees also had higher levels of hemolymph lipid compared with control bees. Abdominal lipids did not change in response to octopamine. Our findings support the hypothesis that the HGs are a rich source of stored energy that can be mobilized during periods of stress.

Wael Salem, Benjamin Cellini, Mark A. Frye, and Jean-Michel Mongeau

Most animals shift gaze by a ‘fixate and saccade’ strategy, where the fixation phase stabilizes background motion. A logical prerequisite for robust detection and tracking of moving foreground objects, therefore, is to suppress the perception of background motion. In a virtual reality magnetic tether system enabling free yaw movement, Drosophila implemented a fixate and saccade strategy in the presence of a static panorama. When the spatial wavelength of a vertical grating was below the Nyquist wavelength of the compound eyes, flies drifted continuously­ and gaze could not be maintained at a single location. Because the drift occurs from a motionless stimulus—thus any perceived motion stimuli are generated by the fly itself—it is illusory, driven by perceptual aliasing. Notably, the drift speed was significantly faster than under a uniform panorama suggesting perceptual enhancement due to aliasing. Under the same visual conditions in a rigid tether paradigm, wing steering responses to the unresolvable static panorama were not distinguishable from a resolvable static pattern, suggesting visual aliasing is induced by ego motion. We hypothesized that obstructing the control of gaze fixation also disrupts detection and tracking of objects. Using the illusory motion stimulus, we show that magnetically tethered Drosophila track objects robustly in flight even when gaze is not fixated as flies continuously drift. Taken together, our study provides further support for parallel visual motion processing and reveals the critical influence of body motion on visuomotor processing. Motion illusions can reveal important shared principles of information processing across taxa.