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Techniques for evaluation and/or retraining of a classification model built using labeled training data. In some aspects, a classification model having a first set of weights is retrained by using unlabeled input to reweight the labeled training data to have a second set of weights, and by retraining the classification model using the labeled training data weighted according to the second set of weights. In some aspects, a classification model is evaluated by building a similarity model that represents similarities between unlabeled input and the labeled training data and using the similarity model to evaluate the labeled training data to identify a subset of the plurality of items of labeled training data that is more similar to the unlabeled input than a remainder of the labeled training data.

A system and method for classifying unclassified samples. The method includes detecting a number of classes including training samples in training data sets. The method includes, for each class, determining a vector for each training sample based on a specified number of nearest neighbor distances between the training sample and neighbor training samples, and determining a class distribution based on the vectors. The method also includes detecting an unclassified sample in a data set and, for each class, determining a vector for the unclassified sample based on the specified number of nearest neighbor distances between the unclassified sample and nearest neighbor training samples within the class, and determining a probability that the unclassified sample is a member of the class based on the vector and the class distribution. The method further includes classifying the unclassified sample based on the probabilities.

A system and method for providing more than two levels of classification distinction of a user state are provided. The first and second general states of a user are sensed. The first general state is classified as either a first state or a second state, and the second general state is classified as either a third state or a fourth state. The user state of the user is then classified as one of at least three different classification states.

An apparatus for selecting a motion signifying artificial feeling is provided. The apparatus includes: an feeling expression setting unit configured to set probabilities of each feeling expression behavior performed for each expression element of a robot for each predetermined feeling; a behavior combination generation unit configured to generate at least one behavior combination combined by randomly extracting the feeling expression behaviors in each expression element one by one; and a behavior combination selection unit configured to calculate an average for the probabilities of the feeling expression behaviors included in each behavior combination for each feeling of a robot and select behavior combinations in which the average of the probabilities of the feeling expression behaviors most approximates the predetermined feeling value of a robot from each behavior combination.

A method of identifying one or more particular images from an image collection, includes indexing the image collection to provide image descriptors for each image in the image collection such that each image is described by one or more of the image descriptors; receiving a query from a user specifying at least one keyword for an image search; and using the keyword(s) to search a second collection of tagged images to identify co-occurrence keywords. The method further includes using the identified co-occurrence keywords to provide an expanded list of keywords; using the expanded list of keywords to search the image descriptors to identify a set of candidate images satisfying the keywords; grouping the set of candidate images according to at least one of the image descriptors, and selecting one or more representative images from each grouping; and displaying the representative images to the user.

A computer-implemented method for classifying documents for data loss prevention may include 1) identifying training documents for a machine learning classifier configured for data loss prevention, 2) performing a semantic analysis on training documents to identify topics within the set training documents, 3) applying a similarity metric to the topics to identify at least one unrelated topic with a similarity to the other topics within the plurality of topics, as determined by the similarity metric, that falls below a similarity threshold, 4) identifying, based on the semantic analysis, at least one irrelevant training document within the set of training documents in which a predominance of the unrelated topic is above a predominance threshold, and 5) excluding the irrelevant training document from the set of training documents based on the predominance of the unrelated topic within the irrelevant training document. Various other methods, systems, and computer-readable media are also disclosed.

A computer implemented method for automatic chemical assay classification, the method comprising steps the computer is programmed to perform, the steps comprising: receiving a plurality of sets of parameters, each one of the received sets of parameters characterizing a respective assay of a chemical reaction, calculating a space enhancing proximity among points representative of assays of qualitatively identical chemical reactions, and representing each one of at least two of the received sets of parameters as a respective point in the calculated space, and dividing the points in the calculated space into a number of groups, according to proximity among the points in the calculated space, each group pertaining to a respective chemical reaction, thereby classifying the assays.

In one embodiment, a plurality of objects associated with a dataset and a specified number of nearest objects to be identified are received. The received objects are sorted in a structured format. Further, a key object and a number of adjacent objects corresponding to the key object are selected from the sorted plurality of objects, wherein the number of adjacent objects is selected based on the specified number of nearest objects to be identified. Furthermore, distances between the key object and the number of adjacent objects are determined to identify the specified number of nearest objects, wherein the distances are determined until the specified number of nearest objects is identified. Based on the determined distances, the specified number of nearest objects in the dataset is identified for data analysis.

A method of forming a product from an oil feedstock, such as a biodiesel product, and a heterogeneous catalyst system used to form said product is disclosed. This catalyst system, which has a high tolerance for the presence of water and free fatty acids (FFA) in the oil feedstock, may simultaneously catalyze both the esterification of FAA and the transesterification of triglycerides present in the oil feedstock. The catalyst system is comprised of a mixture of zinc oxide and a second metal oxide. The zinc oxide includes a mixture of amorphous zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanocrystals, the zinc nanocrystals having a mean grain size between about 20 and 80 nanometers with at least one of the nanocrystals including a mesopore having a diameter of about 5 to 15 nanometers. Preferably, the second metal oxide is a lanthanum oxide, the lanthanum oxide being selected as one from the group of La2CO5, LaOOH, and combinations or mixtures thereof.

The invention relates to the use of a conjugated seed oil modified with an activated vinyl monomer via a Deils-Alder reaction to generate a modified reactive diluent used to enhance the physical properties of coating systems. In one embodiment, a reactive diluent containing tung oil modified by the addition of an acrylate monomer is mixed with an auto-oxidative alkyd, a metal drier package, and a wetting agent to achieve cross-linked films exhibiting improved tensile strength, tensile modulus, cross-link density, and glass transition temperature, among other physical parameters.

The present invention provides bifunctional silica mesoporous materials, including mesoporous silica nanoparticles (“MSN”), having pores modified with diarylammonium triflate and perfluoroaryl moieties, that are useful for the acid-catalyzed esterification of organic acids with organic alcohols.

The invention relates to a continuous method for producing esters, in which at least one polyol ester of formula (I) (R1—COO)mR2 (I), where R1 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms, R2 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and m represents a number from 2 to 10 and is smaller than or equal to the number of carbon atoms in R2, is reacted with at least one monohydric alcohol of formula (II) R3—OH (II), where R3 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 C atoms, using microwave radiation in a reaction tube, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a single-mode microwave applicator, so as to obtain at least one ester of formula (III) R1—COO—R3 (III), where R1 and R3 have the meanings indicated above.

The present invention provides a method for performing regeneration of a decolorization capacity of waste clay that has been used for purification of fats and oils, and production of a thermally recyclable compound as a biofuel from oily ingredients in the waste clay at the same time in a convenient manner. That is, a method for producing purified fats and oils of the invention includes: a method for producing regenerated clay including the steps of mixing waste clay that has been used for purification of fats and oils, lower alcohol, and an acidic catalyst; and performing extraction of oily ingredients from the waste clay, and an esterification reaction between the fats and oils and/or a free fatty acid in the oily ingredients and the lower alcohol at the same time so as to regenerate a decolorization capacity of the waste clay; regenerated clay that is produced by the method for producing the regenerated clay; and a process of decolorizing the fats and oils using the regenerated clay.

Disclosed is a process for reducing the amount of sterol in a sterol-containing microbial oil composition, including distilling, under short path distillation conditions, a sterol-containing microbial oil wherein said distillation produces a distillate fraction containing the sterol and a triacylglycerol-containing fraction having a reduced amount of the sterol when compared to the amount of sterol in the sterol-containing microbial oil composition that has not been subjected to short path distillation.

The presently-disclosed subject matter relates to compounds of the formula: and methods for use thereof. The presently-disclosed subject matter relates methods of selectively differentiating a stem cell, and methods of screening for compounds useful for enhancing terminal differentiation of committed cardiac progenitor cells.

Formulations comprising an isosorbide-modified unsaturated polyester comprising maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or maleic anhydride and isosorbide and one or more low profile additives. The formulations exhibit better shrink control in molding compound formulations with standard low profile additives than their non-isosorbide-modified analogues. These isosorbide-modified unsaturated polyester resins may be applied in molding compounds like sheet molding compounds or bulk molding compounds and may be components of fiber reinforced composites or other composite materials.

Polysubstituted cyclopentadiene compound wherein at least two different substituents are present from the group consisting of linear, branched and cyclic alkyls, aralkyls and alkenyls, and a process for the preparation of a cyclopentadiene compound substituted with at least two different groups chosen from the group consisting of linear, branched, cyclic and aromatic alkyls and alkenyls, characterized in that it comprises the reacting of a halide of a first substituting group in a mixture of the cyclopentadiene compound and an aqueous solution of a base, in which the quantity of the base relative to the cyclopentadiene compound is between 5 and 30 mol/mol, in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, followed by the addition of a halide of a second or optionally a third substituting group to the reaction mixture.

In various aspects, the invention provides for processing a hydrocarbon feed having hydrocarbon and emulsified aqueous components demulsifying into hydrocarbon and aqueous phases over an initial demulsification time, with an active agent to form a treated feed. The active agent has an active agent solubility in the hydrocarbon component and in the aqueous component, the aqueous component has an aqueous component solubility in the hydrocarbon component. The active agent solubility in the hydrocarbon component is greater than the aqueous component solubility in the hydrocarbon component. The active agent solubility in the aqueous component is greater than the active agent solubility in the hydrocarbon component. The active agent solubility in the aqueous component is greater than the active agent solubility in the hydrocarbon component. A treated demulsified hydrocarbon phase separates from the active agent and the aqueous component in a modified demulsification time that is shorter than the initial demulsification time.

A method of making light olefins in a combined XTO (organics to olefins) and OCP (olefins cracking) process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing, or sulphur-containing organic feedstock contacted with a catalyst in a first reactor to convert the feedstock into a reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; separating the light olefins from the heavy hydrocarbon fraction, then contacting the heavy hydrocarbon fraction in a second reactor with a catalyst to convert a portion of the heavy hydrocarbons into light olefins; wherein the catalyst is a zeolite selected among a H+ or NH4+—form of MFI, MEL, FER, MOR, or clinoptilolite; modifying the zeolite by adding from 0.05 to 7 wt % of phosphorous to the zeolite, and an optional washing and/or drying in either order, then calcination. In an embodiment, the initial zeolite Si:Al atomic ratio of at least one catalyst is 100 or less.

The present invention relates to epoxy group-terminated polymers of the formula (I). Said epoxy group-terminated polymers are suited extremely well as impact resistance modifiers, particularly in epoxy resin compositions. They are particularly suited for use in heat-curing epoxy resin adhesives. It has been found that such epoxy resin compositions not only have excellent mechanical properties and high glass transition temperatures, but also above all improved impact resistance properties, both at room temperature and at low temperatures.

An artificial silica marble comprises a matrix and a line pattern portion. The line pattern portion comprises fine lines having a width of about 50 to about 500 μm and forms a web- or net-like pattern. The line pattern portion divides or partitions the artificial silica marble into a plurality of irregularly shaped pattern portions to form an amorphous pattern in the cross section of the artificial silica marble.

A facile synthesis of amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers consisting of poly(amic acid) and polyimide was developed via “A2+B3” approach from difunctional anhydride and trifunctional hydrophilic poly(oxyalkylene)triamine. Various amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(amic acid)s (HBPAAs) with terminal amine functionalities and amic acid structures were prepared through ring-opening polyaddition at room temperature, followed by thermal imidization process for the formation of hyperbranched polyimides (HBPIs), accordingly. The resulting HBPIs were analyzed by GPC, indicating the molecule weights of 5000˜7000 g/mol with a distribution of polydispersity between 2.0 and 3.8. The amine titration for HBPIs indicated the peripheral total-amine contents to be 8.32˜18.32 mequiv/g dependent on compositions.

A method begins by a processing module obtaining common storage name information regarding data that is stored in storage units of a distributed storage network (DSN) as a set of data slices. Each data slice of the set of data slices has a unique storage name, where each of the unique storage names for the set of data slices has common naming information regarding the data. The method continues where the processing module interprets the common storage name information to determine whether a difference exists between the common naming information of a data slice of the set of data slices and the common naming information of other data slices of the set of data slices. When the difference exists, the method continues where the processing module indicates a potential storage error of the data slice and implements a storage error process regarding the potential storage error of the data slice.

An apparatus and method for the granulation of radioactive waste in which a preprocessing method for the vitrification of radioactive waste is simplified to conform to onsite conditions of a nuclear power plant, additives are improved, and pellets suitable for vitrification are manufactured. The apparatus for the granulation of radioactive waste includes: a body frame having an inlet and an outlet; a hopper supplying the radioactive waste to be transferred and fed through the inlet; a feeder transferring/supplying the radioactive waste supplied to a specific position and in a certain quantity; a stirrer pulverizing/mixing lumps of the radioactive waste supplied; an additive supply part supplying a lubricant to the radioactive waste fed into the stirrer; and a pellet press pressing the radioactive waste fed through the feeder into a pellet shape and discharging the pellet through the outlet.

A method for vitrification of waste to reduce the formation of persistent secondary phases comprising separating at least one glass frit constituent from an initial glass frit to form a modified glass frit. The waste, modified glass frit, and the at least one glass frit constituent are mixed together with the modified glass frit and the at least one glass frit constituent being added as separate components. The resulting mixture is vitrified.

A barrel shifter uses a sign magnitude to 2's complement converter to generate decoder signals for its cascaded multiplexer selectors. The sign input receives the shift direction and the magnitude input receives the shift amount. The sign magnitude to 2's complement converter computes an output result as a 2's complement of the shift amount using the shift direction as a sign input, assigns a first portion (most significant bit half) of the output result to a first decoder signal, and assigns a second portion (least significant bit half) of the output result to a second decoder signal. This encoding scheme allows the decoder circuits to be relatively simple, for example, 3-to-8 decoders for an implementation adapted to shift a 64-bit operand value rather than the 4-to-9 decoder required in a conventional barrel shifter, leading to faster operation, less area, and reduced power consumption.

The generation of individual-specific information having a good reliability and uniqueness is made possible with a little circuit scale. For this purpose, in an individual-specific information generation apparatus, a plurality of digital circuits are in the same circuit configuration. Each of the digital circuits outputs a fixed or a random number output value individually without their output with respect to a certain input being determined unambiguously among the digital circuits. In each of the digital circuit, an order is defined in advance. A random number judgment unit judges whether the output value is a random value or fixed, for each of the plurality of digital circuits. An individual-specific information generation unit generates the individual-specific information based on information of the order defined in the digital circuit judged by the random number judgment unit as having a fixed output value among the plurality of digital circuits and the output value.

A process for the preparation of modified polymers by a photo-initiated polymerization includes preparing a polymerization medium comprising at least one photoinitiator comprising at least one phosphorous oxide (P═O) group or at least one phosphorous sulfide (P═S) group, and at least one polymerizable monomer. The at least one polymerizable monomer is polymerized by irradiating the polymerization medium with electromagnetic radiation so as to induce a generation of radicals so as to obtain a polymer. The polymer is modified by irradiating the polymer with electromagnetic radiation so as to induce a generation of radicals from the polymer in a presence of at least one modifying agent.

The present invention aims to provide a surface modification method for a rubber vulcanizate or a thermoplastic elastomer, which can impart excellent sliding properties and excellent durability against repeated sliding motion and can allow the surface to maintain the sealing properties, without using expensive self-lubricating plastics. The present invention relates to a surface modification method for modifying a rubber vulcanizate or a thermoplastic elastomer as an object to be modified, the method including: step 1 of forming polymerization initiation points on the object to be modified; step 2 of radically polymerizing a monomer, starting from the polymerization initiation points, by irradiation with LED light at 300 nm to 400 nm to grow polymer chains on a surface of the object to be modified; and step 3 of esterifying, transesterifying or amidating side chains of the polymer chains.

Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and an apparatus for obtaining equipment identification information, where the method includes: detecting, by using a first GPIO port, a first discharging duration for a capacitor to discharge through a resistor to be tested; detecting, by using a second GPIO port, a second discharging duration for the capacitor to discharge through a fixed value resistor; and obtaining a resistance of the resistor to be tested according to the first discharging duration, the second discharging duration, and a resistance of the fixed value resistor. The embodiments of the present invention are capable of increasing identification efficiency of the GPIO port.

A dispersed storage network memory includes a pool of storage nodes, where the pool of storage nodes stores a multitude of encoded data files. A storage node obtains and analyzes data access response performance data for each of the storage nodes to produce a modified data access response plan that includes identity of an undesired performing storage node and an alternative data access response for the undesired performing storage node. The storage nodes receive corresponding portions of a data access request for at least a portion of one of the multitude of encoded data files. The undesired performing storage node or another storage node processes one of the corresponding portions of the data access request in accordance with the alternative data access response.

A processing device comprises a processor coupled to a memory and implements an obligation management system for information technology infrastructure, with the obligation management system being configured to process a plurality of obligations on behalf of a relying party to verify implementation of corresponding controls in information technology infrastructure of a claimant. A given one of the obligations has an associated obligation fulfiller that is inserted or otherwise deployed as a component within the information technology infrastructure of the claimant and is configured to provide evidence of the implementation of one or more of the controls responsive to an obligation assertion so as to establish an associated trust aspect of the claimant. The information technology infrastructure may comprise distributed virtual infrastructure of a cloud service provider. The claimant may comprise the cloud service provider and the relying party may comprise a tenant of the cloud service provider.

The present invention provides a method for purifying HFO-1234yf, comprising the steps of (1) cooling a liquid mixture containing HFO-1234yf and HF to separate the mixture into a upper liquid phase having a high concentration of HF and a lower liquid phase having a high concentration of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; and (2) subjecting the lower liquid phase obtained in step (1) to a distillation operation to withdraw a mixture containing HFO-1234yf and HF from a top of a distillation column, thereby obtaining substantially HF-free HFO-1234yf from a bottom of the distillation column. According to the present invention, HF and HFO-1234yf contained in a mixture containing HF and HFO-1234yf can be separated under simple and economically advantageous conditions.

Disclosed is a process for producing 1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, which is characterized by that 1-halogeno-3,3,3-trifluoropropene represented by the general formula [1]: (In the formula, X represents a fluorine atom, chlorine atom or bromine atom.) is reacted with chlorine in a gas phase in the presence of a catalyst. It is possible by this process to produce 1,2-dichloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene in an industrial scale with good yield by using 1-halogeno-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, which is available with a low price, as the raw material.

A production method of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene according to the present invention includes reaction of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane with hydrogen fluoride, characterized in that the concentrations of respective catalytic components in the 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane as the raw material is controlled to a predetermined level or less. By controlling the concentrations of the respective catalytic components in the 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane to the predetermined level or less, it is possible to improve the problems of shortening of catalyst life, retardation of reaction and scaling or corrosion of equipment in the production of the 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. In addition, the 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane can be obtained selectively with high yield by telomerization reaction of carbon tetrachloride and vinyl chloride. The present invention is thus useful as the method for industrially advantageous, high-yield production of the 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

The present invention provides processes for the production of HCFO-1233zd, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, from the starting material, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf). In a first process, HCFO-1233zd is produced by the isomerization of HCFO-1233xf. In a second process, HCFO-1233zd is produced in a two-step procedure which includes (i) dehydrochlorination of HCFO-1233xf into trifluoropropyne; and (ii) hydrochlorination of the trifluoropropyne into HCFO-1233zd.

The present invention is directed to processes for the production of 1233zd from 240fa and HF, with or without a catalyst, at a commercial scale. The 240fa and HF are fed to a reactor operating at high pressure. The resulting product stream comprising 1233zd, HCl, HF, and other byproducts is treated to one or more purification techniques including phase separation and one or more distillations to provide purified 1233zd, which meets commercial product specifications, i.e., having a GC purity of 99.5% or greater.

The invention is directed to a catalyst for the gas phase fluorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or 1,2-dichloroethene with HF to give 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane which catalyst is prepared by co-depositing FeCl3 and MgCl2 on chromia-alumina, or co-depositing Cr(NO3)3 and Ni(NO3)2 on active carbon, or by doping alumina with ZnCl2, and to a process for the preparation of 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane comprising a catalytic gas phase fluorination of 1,1,2-trichloroethane and/or 1,2-dichloroethene wherein one of the catalysts according to claim 2 or 3 is used.

The invention relates to a process for removing one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds from a (hydro)fluoroalkene, the process comprising contacting a composition comprising the (hydro)fluoroalkene and one or more undesired (hydro)halocarbon compounds with an aluminum-containing absorbent, activated carbon, or a mixture thereof.

Disclosed is a reactor and agitator useful in a high pressure process for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (1233zd) from the reaction of 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane (240fa) and HF, wherein the agitator includes one or more of the following design improvements: (a) double mechanical seals with an inert barrier fluid or a single seal;(b) ceramics on the rotating faces of the seal;(c) ceramics on the static faces of seal;(d) wetted o-rings constructed of spring-energized Teflon and PTFE wedge or dynamic o-ring designs; and(e) wetted metal surfaces of the agitator constructed of a corrosion resistant alloy.

The present invention provides routes for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) from commercially available raw materials. More specifically, this invention provides routes for HCFO-1233zd from inexpensive and commercially available trifluoromethane (HFC-23).

The present invention provides routes for making 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) from commercially available raw materials. More specifically, this invention provides several routes for forming HCFO-1233zd from 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (FC-1234zf).

Disclosed and claimed herein are hybrid silica aerogels containing non-polymeric, functional organic materials covalently bonded at one or both ends to the silica network of the aerogels through a C—Si bond between a carbon atom of the organic material and a silicon atom of the aerogel network. Methods of their preparation are also disclosed.

This invention provides a method related to the preparation of derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol), wherein the method comprises increasing the pH of an aqueous composition comprising a poly(ethylene glycol) bearing a —O—(CH2)n—CO2R3 functional group to result in an aqueous composition comprising a poly(ethylene glycol) bearing a —O—(CH2)n—CO2H functional group, wherein R3 is alkyl and (n) in each instance is 1-6.