Paris : J.-B. Baillière, 1876.

London : printed by W. Wilson, for E. Brewster, and George Sawbridge, at the Bible on Ludgate-Hill, neere Fleet-bridge, 1653.

Beverly Hills : Sage Publications, 1976.

Chanmin Kim, Michael J. Daniels, Joseph W. Hogan, Christine Choirat, Corwin M. Zigler.

Source: The Annals of Applied Statistics, Volume 13, Number 3, 1927--1956.

Abstract:
Emission control technologies installed on power plants are a key feature of many air pollution regulations in the US. While such regulations are predicated on the presumed relationships between emissions, ambient air pollution and human health, many of these relationships have never been empirically verified. The goal of this paper is to develop new statistical methods to quantify these relationships. We frame this problem as one of mediation analysis to evaluate the extent to which the effect of a particular control technology on ambient pollution is mediated through causal effects on power plant emissions. Since power plants emit various compounds that contribute to ambient pollution, we develop new methods for multiple intermediate variables that are measured contemporaneously, may interact with one another, and may exhibit joint mediating effects. Specifically, we propose new methods leveraging two related frameworks for causal inference in the presence of mediating variables: principal stratification and causal mediation analysis. We define principal effects based on multiple mediators, and also introduce a new decomposition of the total effect of an intervention on ambient pollution into the natural direct effect and natural indirect effects for all combinations of mediators. Both approaches are anchored to the same observed-data models, which we specify with Bayesian nonparametric techniques. We provide assumptions for estimating principal causal effects, then augment these with an additional assumption required for causal mediation analysis. The two analyses, interpreted in tandem, provide the first empirical investigation of the presumed causal pathways that motivate important air quality regulatory policies.

The infections and deaths are spread across roughly two farms and 189 meat and processed food factories.

Forests and trees sustain and protect us, providing clean air and water, safeguarding biodiversity and acting as a buffer against climate change. For many people, they also offer food, shelter and employment. Here are ten facts about trees you might not be aware of: The  world’s forests store 289 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon in their biomass alone. Deforestation accounts for up to 20% [...]

‘‘—the first 1000 days are a critical window in a child’s development, but let’s not forget this child on day 1,001.’’ School nutrition programmes help to address the +1,001 day gap. Today, perceptions of school gardens are changing in response to increasingly urgent needs for greater food security, environmental protection, more secure livelihoods and better nutrition. School gardens have new multiple [...]

All over the world local varieties of fruit, vegetables and grain are grown. Many are seemingly forgotten or are underutilized despite having outstanding nutritional or taste qualities. Some have good commercial potential and could be an excellent cash crop for a smallscale or family farmers, aimed at the local, regional or international market. Here are six traditional crops and six facts [...]

Elvis Cortés Hernández grabs his lunch and sits down with his friends. We’re at the General Lázaro Cárdenas school in Ajalpan, deep in the heart of Mexico’s Puebla province and the ten–year–old is chatting about the school’s vegetable garden, one element of its progressive food policy. “I like to eat in the school dining room because they give me carrots, [...]

Officials with Maritime Pride Eggs say their Summerside, P.E.I., egg facility will cease processing operations on June 5.

Lindsay Forsyth Brochu thought by now she'd have the double-lung transplant she's been waiting for. But she had the misfortune being put on the waitlist the day after most surgeries were suspended in Ontario due to COVID-19.

As automakers look to restart the industry, union representatives are looking to ensure safety is the number one priority for workers.

Villagers placed the bodies of three victims of a deadly gas leak from an LG Polymers plant in southern India at the gates of the site on Saturday and demanded the factory be shut down immediately and its top management arrested.

Sofina Foods plants in Burlington and Mississauga have each had an employee test positive.

Three OM Hungary team members share what they’ve learned while serving as teachers at the International Christian School of Budapest.

OMer MacDonald shares how a church in rural Malawi started and has started reaching out.

During an outreach in the community of Chiapas, the OM Mexico team could see fruit from seeds Pastor Alonso had planted.

God uses a Latino-American couple to gather and train local believers, who form a small church in North Africa.

God uses a Latino-American couple to gather and train local believers, who form a small church in North Africa.

A new generation of Sudanese church planters, trained by an Arab OMer in North Africa, revive OM’s ministry in north Sudan.

The Director of Public Ministries aboard Logos Hope on leading a multicultural team and the inspiration that shapes his life

The opportunity to continue planting gospel seeds keeps drawing short-term outreach participants back to Ireland.

A Ukrainian pastor responds to nearly 100 per cent unemployment in his village by starting biofuel and cash crop business enterprises.

A report of results: OM has been supporting church planting efforts and training local missionary teams to plant churches nearby and within the conflict area.

In a country with few evangelical churches, OM Austria aims to establish a worship point in every town with a population over 5,000.

From surf towns in Portugal to small communities in Zambia, God is using sports to break down barriers and bring people together in fellowship with Him.

Scotland needs to plant up to one billion trees to achieve the country’s ambitious climate change goals and help the economy recover from the coronavirus crisis, a group of environmental consultants have said.

Children undergoing stem cell transplantation are thought to be at risk for increased distress, adjustment difficulties, and impaired health-related quality of life. Few interventions to improve adjustment and quality-of-life outcomes in this setting have been tested.

The excellent outcomes observed in all patient groups, including controls, may be a result of improvements in standard supportive care. Stem cell transplantation may not be as demanding as previously thought to be, and children undergoing this procedure appear resilient to the challenge. (Read the full article)

The gap between organ availability and need continues to grow, and infants are among the most vulnerable candidates on the wait-list. The scarcity of donor organs has led the transplant community to look for alternative donor sources.

Children are receiving more grafts from pediatric donors, but they also continue to receive adult donor grafts. Donation after circulatory determination of death increases organ availability. Allocation changes have also helped increase pediatric transplantation and decrease wait-list deaths. (Read the full article)

End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) causes significant morbidity and mortality after solid organ transplantation. Adults commonly develop advanced kidney disease, particularly after liver and intestinal transplantation. Previous pediatric studies have not compared the relative incidence of ESKD by organ type.

This national cohort study shows the highest risk of ESKD among pediatric lung and intestinal transplant recipients, reflecting unique organ-specific causes of kidney injury. Our findings have implications for screening for and treating early kidney disease in transplant recipients. (Read the full article)

Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment of children with end-stage renal disease. The field of pediatric kidney transplantation has changed over time with regard to immunosuppression, surgical technique, organ allocation policy, and rates of living donor transplantation.

Outcomes after pediatric kidney transplantation in the United States have improved over time, independent of changes in recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics. These improvements were most dramatic within the first posttransplant year and among the most highly sensitized patients. (Read the full article)