Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are fundamental for inclusive growth and jobs, but they need to broaden their sources of finance in order to reduce their vulnerability to volatile credit market developments, according to two new OECD reports.

The world economy has picked up momentum, as expanding investment, employment and trade support synchronised growth across most countries, according to the OECD’s latest Interim Economic Outlook.

Redistribution is quantified as the relative reduction in market income inequality achieved by personal income taxes, employees’ social security contributions and cash transfers, based on household-level micro data.

Many OECD countries have been facing a prolonged period of low growth and stagnating income of the poorest. This challenges governments’ fiscal redistribution, all the more so in a context where new forms of work are calling into question the effectiveness of traditional social safety nets and population ageing is putting pressure on public finances.

Las perspectivas de crecimiento favorable ofrecen a Chile una oportunidad para abordar sus bajos niveles de productividad comparados con los de otras economías desarrolladas, mejorar el acceso al empleo de calidad, y tomar medidas para reducir su desigualdad persistentemente alta, según un nuevo informe de la OCDE.

In Finland, as elsewhere, income taxation and the withdrawal of benefits reduce the pay-off for individuals who go from benefits to work.

Income inequality has increased in most OECD countries over the past two decades. This has come about both because incomes before taxes and transfers have become more unequally distributed, and because the extent of redistribution through taxes and transfers has fallen.

Economic research has established that a large part of income disparities between poor and rich countries can be attributed to differences in governance and in the quantity and quality of human capital.

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How can government policies move towards increasing agricultural innovation and improving productivity? This OECD conference shared case studies and ideas from Europe, China, United States, India, Africa, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.

These graphs offer a brief summary of the commodity trade situation in the country.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery urges Brazil, one of the founding Parties to the Anti-Bribery Convention since 1997, to preserve the full capacity and independence of law enforcement authorities to investigate and prosecute foreign bribery and corruption.

While the outlook for many OECD countries remains subdued, Emerging Asia is set for healthy growth over the medium term. Annual GDP growth for the ASEAN -10, China and India is forecast to average 6.5% over 2015-19. Growth momentum remains robust in the 10 ASEAN countries, with economic growth averaging 5.6% over 2015-19.

This working paper takes a comparative snapshot of social media use in and by OECD governments. The focus is on government institutions, as opposed to personalities, and how they manage to capture the opportunities of new social media platforms to deliver better public services and to create more open policy processes.

Blog post reviewing the recent trends in the use of social media by governments. The article includes a look at the the top 30 government Twitter a/c's and the fastest growing accounts.

Tax reforms are crucial to promoting inclusive growth in India.

Investment treaties are intended to offer foreign investors protection for their investments from host government conduct in violation of the treaty. This report examines how many investment treaties, as interpreted, have generated rules that can disrupt fundamental principles of corporate governance and corporate finance.

Artificial intelligence could become very real in the world of business. But funding needs to be corrected first for medium-sized firms, where millions of jobs are at stake.

The OECD advises countries on how to meet future demand for health professionals and how to manage the supply of health workers. This report describes recent trends in the international migration of doctors and nurses in OECD countries.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Algeria thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Algeria as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Fitch Ratings changed on Tuesday 5 May 2020 Brazil’s sovereign credit rating outlook to negative from stable and affirmed the debt grade at BB-, citing as main trigger behind the revision the deterioration of Brazil's economic and fiscal outlook, and downside risks to both given renewed political uncertainty, including tensions between the executive and congress, and uncertainty over the duration and intensity of the coronavirus pandemic. Standard & Poor's credit rating for Brazil stands at BB- with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Brazil was last set at Ba2 with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Brazil is BB (low) with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Brazil thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Brazil as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Exports (Fob): Primary Prds - Meat & Edible Offal Of Chicken in Brazil decreased to 467 USD Million in April from 501.41 USD Million in March of 2020. Exports (Fob): Primary Prds - Meat & Edible Offal in Brazil averaged 269.91 USD Million from 1989 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 685.14 USD Million in July of 2015 and a record low of 8.67 USD Million in November of 1990. This page includes a chart with historical data for Brazil Exports of : Primary Prds - Meat & Edible Of.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Bulgaria stands at BBB with positive outlook. Moody's credit rating for Bulgaria was last set at Baa2 with positive outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Bulgaria was last reported at BBB with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Bulgaria thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Bulgaria as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Germany stands at AAA with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Germany was last set at Aaa with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Germany was last reported at AAA with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Germany is AAA with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Germany thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Germany as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Medical Doctors in Ireland increased to 3.30 per 1000 people in 2018 from 3.26 per 1000 people in 2017. Medical Doctors in Ireland averaged 3.06 per 1000 people from 2006 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3.30 per 1000 people in 2018 and a record low of 2.72 per 1000 people in 2006. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ireland Medical Doctors.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Ireland stands at AA- with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Ireland was last set at A2 with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Ireland was last reported at A+ with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Ireland is A (high) with positive outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Ireland thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Ireland as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Medical Doctors in Poland decreased to 2.58 per 1000 people in 2017 from 2.63 per 1000 people in 2016. Medical Doctors in Poland averaged 2.44 per 1000 people from 2005 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 2.63 per 1000 people in 2016 and a record low of 2.32 per 1000 people in 2009. This page includes a chart with historical data for Poland Medical Doctors.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Poland stands at A- with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Poland was last set at A2 with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Poland was last reported at A- with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Poland is A with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Poland thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Poland as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Gabon stands at N/A with n/a outlook. Moody's credit rating for Gabon was last set at Caa1 with positive outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Gabon was last reported at CCC with n/a outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Gabon thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Gabon as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Loans To Private Sector in Colombia increased to 89.78 COP Billion in October from 89.57 COP Billion in September of 2016. Loans To Private Sector in Colombia averaged -74.29 COP Billion from 1993 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 1426.67 COP Billion in February of 2014 and a record low of -2108.10 COP Billion in September of 1993. Loans To Private Sector in Colombia is reported by the Banco de la Republica, Colombia. . This page provides - Colombia Loans To Private Sector- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Moody's credit rating for Maldives was last set at B2 with negative outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Maldives was last reported at B with negative outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Maldives thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Maldives as reported by major credit rating agencies.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Afghanistan thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Afghanistan as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Romania stands at BBB- with negative outlook. Moody's credit rating for Romania was last set at Baa3 with negative outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Romania was last reported at BBB- with negative outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Romania thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Romania as reported by major credit rating agencies.

The benchmark interest rate in Croatia was last recorded at 2.50 percent. Interest Rate in Croatia averaged 80.62 percent from 1992 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4290.85 percent in September of 1993 and a record low of 2.50 percent in October of 2015. In Croatia, interest rate decisions are taken by the Croatian National Bank. The main interest rate is the Overnight Credit Rate. The Croatian National Bank administers benchmark interest rates for loans and discounts separately. This page provides the latest reported value for - Croatia Interest Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Croatia stands at BBB- with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Croatia was last set at Ba2 with positive outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Croatia was last reported at BBB- with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Croatia thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Croatia as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Argentina stands at SD with n/a outlook. Moody's credit rating for Argentina was last set at Ca with negative outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Argentina was last reported at C with n/a outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Argentina is CC with under review outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Argentina thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Argentina as reported by major credit rating agencies.

In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Madagascar thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Madagascar as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Czech Republic stands at AA- with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Czech Republic was last set at Aa3 with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Czech Republic was last reported at AA- with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Czech Republic thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Czech Republic as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Medical Doctors in Lithuania increased to 4.85 per 1000 people in 2017 from 4.77 per 1000 people in 2016. Medical Doctors in Lithuania averaged 3.97 per 1000 people from 1965 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 4.85 per 1000 people in 2017 and a record low of 1.77 per 1000 people in 1965. This page includes a chart with historical data for Lithuania Medical Doctors.

Standard & Poor's credit rating for Lithuania stands at A+ with stable outlook. Moody's credit rating for Lithuania was last set at A3 with positive outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Lithuania was last reported at A with stable outlook. DBRS's credit rating for Lithuania is A with positive outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Lithuania thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Lithuania as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Moody's credit rating for Namibia was last set at Ba2 with stable outlook. Fitch's credit rating for Namibia was last reported at BB with stable outlook. In general, a credit rating is used by sovereign wealth funds, pension funds and other investors to gauge the credit worthiness of Namibia thus having a big impact on the country's borrowing costs. This page includes the government debt credit rating for Namibia as reported by major credit rating agencies.

Private Sector Credit in Maldives decreased to 24338.80 MVR Million in November from 24642.90 MVR Million in October of 2019. Private Sector Credit in Maldives averaged 17166.94 MVR Million from 2008 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 24642.90 MVR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 14197.13 MVR Million in January of 2014. This page provides - Maldives Private Sector Credit- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Sector Credit in Rwanda increased to 1868.70 RWF Billion in January from 1826 RWF Billion in December of 2019. Private Sector Credit in Rwanda averaged 675.53 RWF Billion from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1868.70 RWF Billion in January of 2020 and a record low of 97.20 RWF Billion in April of 2003. This page provides - Rwanda Private Sector Credit- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Sector Credit in the United States increased to 10443.48 USD Billion in March from 10072.83 USD Billion in February of 2020. Private Sector Credit in the United States averaged 2511.45 USD Billion from 1950 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 10443.48 USD Billion in March of 2020 and a record low of 39.04 USD Billion in January of 1950. This page provides - United States Private Sector Credit- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Sector Credit in South Africa increased to 9.49 percent in March from 5.09 percent in February of 2020. Private Sector Credit in South Africa averaged 13.60 percent from 1966 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 35.88 percent in July of 1981 and a record low of -2.35 percent in May of 1966. Private sector credit measures year over year change in the bank lending to domestic private sector. This page provides the latest reported value for - South Africa Private Sector Credit - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Private Sector Credit in Australia remained unchanged at 0.40 percent in February from 0.40 percent in January of 2020. Private Sector Credit in Australia averaged 0.85 percent from 1976 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3 percent in July of 1986 and a record low of -0.50 percent in July of 2019. In Australia, private sector credit refers to the month-over-month change of credit extended to the economy's private sector for housing, personal and business expenditures. It includes securitisations. This page provides the latest reported value for - Australia Private Sector Credit - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Private Sector Credit in Ireland decreased to 159762 EUR Million in March from 160687 EUR Million in February of 2020. Private Sector Credit in Ireland averaged 125188.77 EUR Million from 1979 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 375927 EUR Million in January of 2009 and a record low of 4386 EUR Million in January of 1979. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ireland Private Sector Credit - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Private Sector Credit in Mexico increased to 5210090813 MXN Thousand in March from 4907537247 MXN Thousand in February of 2020. Private Sector Credit in Mexico averaged 1763278403.52 MXN Thousand from 1994 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5210090813 MXN Thousand in March of 2020 and a record low of 458609006 MXN Thousand in February of 2002. This page provides - Mexico Private Sector Credit - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Sector Credit in Brazil increased to 3374864 BRL Million in March from 3291800 BRL Million in February of 2020. Private Sector Credit in Brazil averaged 1051319.13 BRL Million from 1988 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3374864 BRL Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 0 BRL Million in July of 1988. Private Sector Credit in Brazil refers to the outstanding amount of total credit extended to the private sector. This page provides - Brazil Private Sector Credit - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Private Sector Credit in Canada increased to 4574481 CAD Million in March from 4533892 CAD Million in February of 2020. Private Sector Credit in Canada averaged 1404837.61 CAD Million from 1969 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4574481 CAD Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 74836 CAD Million in January of 1969. This page provides - Canada Private Sector Credit - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.