Title: Condition Affecting Kids With COVID-19 Remains Very Rare, Heart Group Says
Category: Health News
Created: 5/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Thousands of COVID-19 Cases Among Inmates and Staff at U.S. Prisons and Jails: CDC
Category: Health News
Created: 5/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Depression, Anxiety, PTSD May Plague Many COVID-19 Survivors
Category: Health News
Created: 5/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Two new graphics from Diabetes UK's COVID-19 task force address inpatient use of subcutaneous insulin for managing hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis when intravenous equipment is unavailable.

Bill Hanage describes the many uncertainties surrounding current data examining the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2.

Adjust oxygen and fluid therapy thresholds for pregnant patients with severe disease, experts advise; early use of a high-flow nasal cannula and prone positioning may help avoid mechanical ventilation.

A deluge of new data does not suggest harm with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin blockers in COVID-19 rates or outcomes but suggests possible differential effects of the two drug classes.

These are the coronavirus stories you need to know about today.

The new coronavirus is disproportionately striking minority populations—particularly urban blacks and Navajo Indians living on their reservation. Experts say social and economic factors that predate the COVID-19 crisis may help explain why.

A new analysis suggests there may be a simple, noninvasive technique that could delay, or even eliminate, the need for ventilation in COVID-19 patients.

As more evidence emerges that COVID-19 is tied to an increased risk of dangerous blood clots, new research suggests that giving patients blood thinners may improve their odds of survival.

Hospitals are seeing an increase in admissions related to alcohol abuse as recovery centers are shutting down and people are drinking more during the pandemic.

After a week seeing cancer patients with COVID-19 as the inpatient consult attending, Don Dizon finds himself more emotionally exhausted than he's ever been before.

These are the coronavirus stories you need to know about today.

Calls to relax social distancing policies emphasize the need for increased testing, but a closer look at current SARS-CoV-2 tests leaves Anish Koka, MD, doubtful that more tests will be the solution.

In the 100 days since the U.S. reported its first coronavirus case, we've had more than 1.2 million cases and 73,000 deaths. But are things getting any better?

Infectious viruses commonly are found in semen, with Zika being one recent notable example. The Chinese researchers noted that 27 different viruses have been detected in human semen.

The ordeal faced by critically ill COVID-19 patients likely won't end even if they pull through and survive their life-threatening infection, experts fear.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic upended people's lives, Americans were already feeling more stressed than they did a generation ago. Now, new research finds that no group is feeling the impact of additional stress more than middle-aged people.

Dr Harpreet Bajaj summarizes the known and unknown links between diabetes and COVID-19, focusing on three clinical questions.

At some point, medical practices will reopen, but it will be anything but business as usual. Here are eight considerations for when it's time to unlock the doors and welcome patients back.

Three physicians describe their impressions of video-based evaluations and things to watch out for.

Researchers report evidence of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, in the semen of patients; the data raise the possibility of sexual transmission, but experts say there is no evidence of infectivity.

Learning more about this evolutionary advantage in pangolins may suggest possible treatments for coronavirus in humans, the team said.

Striking differences in how men and women are affected by COVID-19 might be explained by deleterious effects of androgens in males, say Italian researchers.

Dr Aaron Holley warns against following 'false prophets' as we confront treatment decisions for patients with COVID-19.

Just as an imperfect ruler can measure accurately if its error is constant and known, serology need not have perfect sensitivity and specificity to estimate COVID's prevalence, write Drs Jha and Murthy.

These are the coronavirus stories you need to know about today.

Data from a large US cohort suggest systemic anticoagulation may confer a survival benefit in hospitalized patients without a spike in bleeding events.

On March 13, 2020, the National Science and Technology Advisors from a dozen countries, including the United States, called on publishers to voluntarily agree to make their COVID-19 and coronavirus-related publications and associated data immediately accessible in PubMed Central (PMC) and other appropriate public repositories to support the ongoing public health emergency response efforts.

For more information on which publishers have responded to this call and how to discover COVID-19 and coronavirus-related publications in PMC, see the main COVID-19 Initiative page.

A FAQ is also available. If you have questions not addressed in the FAQ, please contact pmc-phe@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

You can learn more about how this initiative fits into the wider NLM response to the current public health emergency in Dr. Patti Brennan's post, "How Does a Library Respond to a Global Crisis?"

Title: lopinavir and ritonavir (Kaletra): Potential COVID-19 Drug
Category: Medications
Created: 3/12/2001 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Middle Age More Stressful Now Than in 1990s: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 5/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Remdesivir (RDV): Experimental Antiviral for Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Category: Medications
Created: 3/26/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/5/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: azithromycin (Zithromax): Potential COVID-19 Combo Drug
Category: Medications
Created: 12/31/1997 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 3/30/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Cough: 19 Tips on How to Stop a Cough
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/24/2016 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/14/2020 12:00:00 AM

ABSTRACT

During infection of human parvovirus B19 (B19V), one viral precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is transcribed by a single promoter and is alternatively spliced and alternatively polyadenylated. Here, we identified a novel cis-acting sequence (5'-GUA AAG CUA CGG GAC GGU-3'), intronic splicing enhancer 3 (ISE3), which lies 72 nucleotides upstream of the second splice acceptor (A2-2) site of the second intron that defines the exon of the mRNA encoding the 11-kDa viral nonstructural protein. RNA binding motif protein 45 (RBM45) specifically binds to ISE3 with high affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant [K_D] = 33 nM) mediated by its RNA recognition domain and 2-homo-oligomer assembly domain (RRM2-HOA). Knockdown of RBM45 expression or ectopic overexpression of RRM2-HOA in human erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) expanded ex vivo significantly decreased the level of viral mRNA spliced at the A2-2 acceptor but not that of the mRNA spliced at A2-1 that encodes VP2. Moreover, silent mutations of ISE3 in an infectious DNA of B19V significantly reduced 11-kDa expression. Notably, RBM45 also specifically interacts in vitro with ISE2, which shares the octanucleotide (GGGACGGU) with ISE3. Taken together, our results suggest that RBM45, through binding to both ISE2 and ISE3, is an essential host factor for maturation of 11-kDa-encoding mRNA.

IMPORTANCE Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a human pathogen that causes severe hematological disorders in immunocompromised individuals. B19V infection has a remarkable tropism with respect to human erythroid progenitor cells (EPCs) in human bone marrow and fetal liver. During B19V infection, only one viral precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) is transcribed by a single promoter of the viral genome and is alternatively spliced and alternatively polyadenylated, a process which plays a key role in expression of viral proteins. Our studies revealed that a cellular RNA binding protein, RBM45, binds to two intron splicing enhancers and is essential for the maturation of the small nonstructural protein 11-kDa-encoding mRNA. The 11-kDa protein plays an important role not only in B19V infection-induced apoptosis but also in viral DNA replication. Thus, the identification of the RBM45 protein and its cognate binding site in B19V pre-mRNA provides a novel target for antiviral development to combat B19V infection-caused severe hematological disorders.

ABSTRACT

Patients with COVID-19 infection are at risk of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and death. The tissue receptor for COVID-19 is ACE2, and higher levels of ACE2 can protect against ARDS. Angiotensin receptor blockers and statins upregulate ACE2. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether this drug combination might be used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 infection.

APHA member Elena Ong, PHN, MS, past president and founding CEO of the Asian & Pacific Islander Caucus for Public Health, a recent APHA Executive Board member, and a past vice president of the Southern California Public Health Association, discusses discrimination against Asians in the U.S. and beyond.

Since December, when cases of a then-unknown respiratory disease were first reported in Wuhan, China, APHA has working to share information and ensure that public health has the resources it needs to address COVID-19.

Forty miles from the state capital, Jackson County, West Virginia, is home to about 29,000 people and 25 hospital beds. Like much of the state, the rural county is reeling from the opioid epidemic.

The current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, raises important questions as to whether pre-morbid use or continued administration of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) affects the outcomes of acute respiratory infections due to coronavirus. Many physicians are concerned about whether individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 and taking ICS should continue them or stop them, given that ICS are often regarded as immunosuppressive. A number of key questions arise. Are people with asthma or COPD at increased risk of developing COVID-19? Do ICS modify this risk, either increasing or decreasing it? Do ICS influence the clinical course of COVID-19? (figure 1). Whether ICS modify the risk of developing COVID-19 or the clinical course of COVID-19 in people who do not have lung disease should also be considered (figure 1).

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the death of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.

All clinical and laboratory parameters were collected prospectively from a cohort of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were hospitalised to Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China) between 25 December 2019 and 7 February 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between each variable and the risk of death of COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

In total, 179 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (97 male and 82 female) were included in the present prospective study, of whom 21 died. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age ≥65 years (OR 3.765, 95% CI 1.146-17.394; p=0.023), pre-existing concurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (OR 2.464, 95% CI 0.755-8.044; p=0.007), CD3⁺CD8⁺ T-cells ≤75 cells·μL^–1 (OR 3.982, 95% CI 1.132-14.006; p<0.001) and cardiac troponin I ≥0.05 ng·mL^–1 (OR 4.077, 95% CI 1.166-14.253; p<0.001) were associated with an increase in risk of mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia. In a sex-, age- and comorbid illness-matched case–control study, CD3⁺CD8⁺ T-cells ≤75 cells·μL^–1 and cardiac troponin I ≥0.05 ng·mL^–1 remained as predictors for high mortality from COVID-19 pneumonia.

We identified four risk factors: age ≥65 years, pre-existing concurrent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, CD3⁺CD8⁺ T-cells ≤75 cells·μL^–1 and cardiac troponin I ≥0.05 ng·mL^–1. The latter two factors, especially, were predictors for mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia patients.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has caused 80 904 confirmed cases as of 9 March 2020, with 28 673 cases being reported outside of China. It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), has exhibited human-to-human transmissibility and has spread rapidly across countries [1]. Although the Chinese government has taken various measures to control city-to-city transmission (e.g. shutting down cities, extending holidays) and many other countries have implemented measures (such as airport screening and testing patients who have reported symptoms), the number of cases is still increasing quickly throughout the world.