one Non-photopic and photopic visual cycles differentially regulate immediate, early, and late phases of cone photoreceptor-mediated vision [Molecular Bases of Disease] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-08T03:41:14-07:00 Cone photoreceptors in the retina enable vision over a wide range of light intensities. However, the processes enabling cone vision in bright light (i.e. photopic vision) are not adequately understood. Chromophore regeneration of cone photopigments may require the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or retinal Müller glia. In the RPE, isomerization of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol is mediated by the retinoid isomerohydrolase Rpe65. A putative alternative retinoid isomerase, dihydroceramide desaturase-1 (DES1), is expressed in RPE and Müller cells. The retinol-isomerase activities of Rpe65 and Des1 are inhibited by emixustat and fenretinide, respectively. Here, we tested the effects of these visual cycle inhibitors on immediate, early, and late phases of cone photopic vision. In zebrafish larvae raised under cyclic light conditions, fenretinide impaired late cone photopic vision, while the emixustat-treated zebrafish unexpectedly had normal vision. In contrast, emixustat-treated larvae raised under extensive dark-adaptation displayed significantly attenuated immediate photopic vision concomitant with significantly reduced 11-cis-retinaldehyde (11cRAL). Following 30 min of light, early photopic vision was recovered, despite 11cRAL levels remaining significantly reduced. Defects in immediate cone photopic vision were rescued in emixustat- or fenretinide-treated larvae following exogenous 9-cis-retinaldehyde supplementation. Genetic knockout of Des1 (degs1) or retinaldehyde-binding protein 1b (rlbp1b) did not eliminate photopic vision in zebrafish. Our findings define molecular and temporal requirements of the nonphotopic or photopic visual cycles for mediating vision in bright light. Full Article
one Reactive dicarbonyl compounds cause Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide release and synergize with inflammatory conditions in mouse skin and peritoneum [Molecular Bases of Disease] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-08T03:41:14-07:00 The plasmas of diabetic or uremic patients and of those receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment have increased levels of the glucose-derived dicarbonyl metabolites like methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG). The elevated dicarbonyl levels can contribute to the development of painful neuropathies. Here, we used stimulated immunoreactive Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide (iCGRP) release as a measure of nociceptor activation, and we found that each dicarbonyl metabolite induces a concentration-, TRPA1-, and Ca2+-dependent iCGRP release. MGO, GO, and 3-DG were about equally potent in the millimolar range. We hypothesized that another dicarbonyl, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), which is present in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions after heat sterilization, activates nociceptors. We also showed that at body temperatures 3,4-DGE is formed from 3-DG and that concentrations of 3,4-DGE in the micromolar range effectively induced iCGRP release from isolated murine skin. In a novel preparation of the isolated parietal peritoneum PD fluid or 3,4-DGE alone, at concentrations found in PD solutions, stimulated iCGRP release. We also tested whether inflammatory tissue conditions synergize with dicarbonyls to induce iCGRP release from isolated skin. Application of MGO together with bradykinin or prostaglandin E2 resulted in an overadditive effect on iCGRP release, whereas MGO applied at a pH of 5.2 resulted in reduced release, probably due to an MGO-mediated inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 receptors. These results indicate that several reactive dicarbonyls activate nociceptors and potentiate inflammatory mediators. Our findings underline the roles of dicarbonyls and TRPA1 receptors in causing pain during diabetes or renal disease. Full Article
one POSTPONED: The Development of Libyan Armed Groups since 2014: Community Dynamics and Economic Interests By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 04 Mar 2020 14:15:01 +0000 Invitation Only Research Event 18 March 2020 - 9:00am to 10:30am Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE Event participants Abdul Rahman Alageli, Associate Fellow, MENA Programme, Chatham HouseEmaddedin Badi, Non-Resident Scholar, Middle East InstituteTim Eaton, Senior Research Fellow, MENA Programme Chatham HouseValerie Stocker, Independent Researcher Since the overthrow of the regime of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, Libya’s multitude of armed groups have followed a range of paths. While many of these have gradually demobilized, others have remained active, and others have expanded their influence. In the west and south of the country, armed groups have used their state affiliation to co-opt the state and professionals from the state security apparatus into their ranks.In the east, the Libyan Arab Armed Forces projects a nationalist narrative yet is ultimately subservient to its leader, Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar. Prevailing policy narratives presuppose that the interests of armed actors are distinct from those of the communities they claim to represent. Given the degree to which most armed groups are embedded in local society, however, successful engagement will need to address the fears, grievances and desires of the surrounding communities, even while the development of armed groups’ capacities dilutes their accountability to those communities.This roundtable will discuss the findings of a forthcoming Chatham House research paper, ‘The Development of Libyan Armed Groups Since 2014: Community Dynamics and Economic Interests’, which presents insights from over 200 interviews of armed actors and members of local communities and posits how international policymakers might seek to curtail the continued expansion of the conflict economy.PLEASE NOTE THIS EVENT IS POSTPONED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. Event attributes Chatham House Rule Department/project Middle East and North Africa Programme, Countering Conflict Economies in MENA, Libya’s Conflict Economy Georgia Cooke Project Manager, Middle East and North Africa Programme +44 (0)20 7957 5740 Email Full Article
one POSTPONED: Russia in MENA: An Update By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 06 Mar 2020 17:45:01 +0000 Invitation Only Research Event 26 March 2020 - 9:30am to 11:00am Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE Event participants Nikolay Kozhanov, Research Associate Professor, Gulf Studies Center, Qatar University; Consulting Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Programme, Chatham House Chair: Sanam Vakil, Senior Research Fellow, Project Director, Future Dynamics of the Gulf, Middle East & North Africa Programme, Chatham House Russia’s Middle East policy is driven by a complex mixture of traditional factors (such as the ongoing confrontation with the West) and new trends. The Kremlin is keen to maintain its position as an influential external broker. However, it is not confident Russia would be able to respond effectively if forced into a reactive mode by other regional players. The Kremlin therefore seeks to retain initiative and shape the agenda according to its needs and resources. This makes prediction of Moscow’s next moves in the region a challenging, but not impossible, task.Nikolay Kozhanov will offer remarks on the changes that have taken place in Russia’s strategy since the publication of his research paper Russian Policy Across the Middle East: Motivations and Methods (2018).PLEASE NOTE THIS EVENT IS POSTPONED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. Event attributes Chatham House Rule Department/project Middle East and North Africa Programme Anna Morgan Administrator, Ukraine Forum +44 (0)20 7389 3274 Email Full Article
one One Year of Donald Trump: Assessing the Future of the Transatlantic Relationship By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 11 Dec 2017 14:00:00 +0000 Members Event Webinar 18 January 2018 - 11:30am to 12:00pm Online Event participants Xenia Wickett, Head, US and the Americas Programme; Dean, The Queen Elizabeth II Academy for Leadership in International Affairs, Chatham House Events over the past 18 months, in particular with the UK’s decision to leave the European Union and the election of Donald Trump, have elevated concerns among many Europeans and Americans over the health of the transatlantic relationship. With the EU looking inward and President Trump’s rejection of a number of historically common US-European interests, such as NATO, the JCPOA on Iran, and the Paris Agreement, the continuation of close transatlantic collaboration is in question.Xenia Wickett will discuss the future of the transatlantic relationship. Is there a clear structural divergence between the US and the UK or is the partnership merely going through a temporary hiccup? She will explore the importance of recent events as well as structural, long-term factors that affect the US and Europe similarly. And what actions, if any, can be taken to mitigate differences and best manage the current situation of uncertainty?Please note, this event is online only. Members will be able to watch the webinar from a computer or other internet-ready device and do not need to come to Chatham House to attend. Full Article
one Reviewing Antimicrobial Resistance: Where Are We Now and What Needs to Be Done? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 30 Aug 2019 14:55:01 +0000 Research Event 8 October 2019 - 10:30am to 12:00pm RSA House, 8 John Adam Street, London, WC2N 6EZ Event participants Tim Jinks, Head of Drug-Resistant Infections Programme, WellcomeJim O’Neill, Chair, Review on Antimicrobial Resistance; Chair, Chatham HouseHaileyesus Getahun, Director of Global Coordination and Partnership on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization Juan Lubroth, Chief Veterinary Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization (Videolink)Jyoti Joshi, Head, South Asia, Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & PolicyEstelle Mbadiwe, Coordinator-Nigeria, Global Antibiotic Resistance PartnershipCharles Clift, Senior Consulting Fellow, Chatham House; Report Author The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, chaired by Jim O’Neill, was commissioned by former UK prime minister, David Cameron, in July 2014. Supported by the UK government and the Wellcome Trust, the final report of the review was published in May 2016 and has had a global impact in terms of motivating political leaders and decision-makers to take more seriously the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance.Yet there is now a perception that the political momentum to address the issue is waning and needs to be reinvigorated.In a further report produced by Chatham House, the progress of the recommendations of the review is assessed and the key ways to move forward are identified.Panellists at this event, where highlights of the report are presented, provide their assessment of the progress so far and discuss priorities for future action.The report was funded by Wellcome. Department/project Global Health Programme, Antimicrobial Resistance Alexandra Squires McCarthy Programme Coordinator, Global Health Programme +44 (0)207 314 2789 Email Full Article
one The histone H4 basic patch regulates SAGA-mediated H2B deubiquitination and histone acetylation [DNA and Chromosomes] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-08T03:41:14-07:00 Histone H2B monoubiquitylation (H2Bub1) has central functions in multiple DNA-templated processes, including gene transcription, DNA repair, and replication. H2Bub1 also is required for the trans-histone regulation of H3K4 and H3K79 methylation. Although previous studies have elucidated the basic mechanisms that establish and remove H2Bub1, we have only an incomplete understanding of how H2Bub1 is regulated. We report here that the histone H4 basic patch regulates H2Bub1. Yeast cells with arginine-to-alanine mutations in the H4 basic patch (H42RA) exhibited a significant loss of global H2Bub1. H42RA mutant yeast strains also displayed chemotoxin sensitivities similar to, but less severe than, strains containing a complete loss of H2Bub1. We found that the H4 basic patch regulates H2Bub1 levels independently of interactions with chromatin remodelers and separately from its regulation of H3K79 methylation. To measure H2B ubiquitylation and deubiquitination kinetics in vivo, we used a rapid and reversible optogenetic tool, the light-inducible nuclear exporter, to control the subcellular location of the H2Bub1 E3 ligase, Bre1. The ability of Bre1 to ubiquitylate H2B was unaffected in the H42RA mutant. In contrast, H2Bub1 deubiquitination by SAGA-associated Ubp8, but not by Ubp10, increased in the H42RA mutant. Consistent with a function for the H4 basic patch in regulating SAGA deubiquitinase activity, we also detected increased SAGA-mediated histone acetylation in H4 basic patch mutants. Our findings uncover that the H4 basic patch has a regulatory function in SAGA-mediated histone modifications. Full Article
one Lysine Propionylation and Butyrylation Are Novel Post-translational Modifications in Histones By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2007-05-01 Yue ChenMay 1, 2007; 6:812-819Research Full Article
one A Proteomic Analysis of Human Cilia: Identification of Novel Components By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2002-06-01 Lawrence E. OstrowskiJun 1, 2002; 1:451-465Research Full Article
one Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Applied to the Yeast Pheromone Signaling Pathway By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2005-03-01 Albrecht GruhlerMar 1, 2005; 4:310-327Research Full Article
one Exponentially Modified Protein Abundance Index (emPAI) for Estimation of Absolute Protein Amount in Proteomics by the Number of Sequenced Peptides per Protein By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2005-09-01 Yasushi IshihamaSep 1, 2005; 4:1265-1272Research Full Article
one The focal adhesion protein kindlin-2 controls mitotic spindle assembly by inhibiting histone deacetylase 6 and maintaining {alpha}-tubulin acetylation [Signal Transduction] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:06:09-07:00 Kindlins are focal adhesion proteins that regulate integrin activation and outside-in signaling. The kindlin family consists of three members, kindlin-1, -2, and -3. Kindlin-2 is widely expressed in multiple cell types, except those from the hematopoietic lineage. A previous study has reported that the Drosophila Fit1 protein (an ortholog of kindlin-2) prevents abnormal spindle assembly; however, the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we show that kindlin-2 maintains spindle integrity in mitotic human cells. The human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line expresses only kindlin-2, and we found that when SH-SY5Y cells are depleted of kindlin-2, they exhibit pronounced spindle abnormalities and delayed mitosis. Of note, acetylation of α-tubulin, which maintains microtubule flexibility and stability, was diminished in the kindlin-2–depleted cells. Mechanistically, we found that kindlin-2 maintains α-tubulin acetylation by inhibiting the microtubule-associated deacetylase histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) via a signaling pathway involving AKT Ser/Thr kinase (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) or paxillin. We also provide evidence that prolonged hypoxia down-regulates kindlin-2 expression, leading to spindle abnormalities not only in the SH-SY5Y cell line, but also cell lines derived from colon and breast tissues. The findings of our study highlight that kindlin-2 regulates mitotic spindle assembly and that this process is perturbed in cancer cells in a hypoxic environment. Full Article
one The EU Cannot Build a Foreign Policy on Regulatory Power Alone By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 11 Feb 2020 16:33:26 +0000 11 February 2020 Alan Beattie Associate Fellow, Global Economy and Finance Programme and Europe Programme @alanbeattie LinkedIn Brussels will find its much-vaunted heft in setting standards cannot help it advance its geopolitical interests. 2020-02-11-Leyen.jpg EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen speaks at the European Parliament in Strasbourg in February. Photo: Getty Images. There are two well-established ideas in trade. Individually, they are correct. Combined, they can lead to a conclusion that is unfortunately wrong.The first idea is that, across a range of economic sectors, the EU and the US have been engaged in a battle to have their model of regulation accepted as the global one, and that the EU is generally winning.The second is that governments can use their regulatory power to extend strategic and foreign policy influence.The conclusion would seem to be that the EU, which has for decades tried to develop a foreign policy, should be able to use its superpower status in regulation and trade to project its interests and its values abroad.That’s the theory. It’s a proposition much welcomed by EU policymakers, who know they are highly unlikely any time soon to acquire any of the tools usually required to run an effective foreign policy.The EU doesn’t have an army it can send into a shooting war, enough military or political aid to prop up or dispense of governments abroad, or a centralized intelligence service. Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has declared her outfit to be a ‘geopolitical commission’, and is casting about for any means of making that real.Through the ‘Brussels effect’ whereby European rules and standards are exported via both companies and governments, the EU has indeed won many regulatory battles with the US.Its cars, chemicals and product safety regulations are more widely adopted round the world than their American counterparts. In the absence of any coherent US offering, bar some varied state-level systems, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the closest thing the world has to a single model for data privacy, and variants of it are being adopted by dozens of countries.The problem is this. Those parts of global economic governance where the US is dominant – particularly the dollar payments system – are highly conducive to projecting US power abroad. The extraterritorial reach of secondary sanctions, plus the widespread reliance of banks and companies worldwide on dollar funding – and hence the American financial system – means that the US can precisely target its influence.The EU can enforce trade sanctions, but not in such a powerful and discriminatory way, and it will always be outgunned by the US. Donald Trump could in effect force European companies to join in his sanctions on Iran when he pulled out of the nuclear deal, despite EU legislation designed to prevent their businesses being bullied. He can go after the chief financial officer of Huawei for allegedly breaching those sanctions.By contrast, the widespread adoption of GDPR or data protection regimes inspired by it may give the EU a warm glow of satisfaction, but it cannot be turned into a geopolitical tool in the same way.Nor, necessarily, does it particularly benefit the EU economy. Europe’s undersized tech sector seems unlikely to unduly benefit from the fact that data protection rules were written in the EU. Indeed, one common criticism of the regulations is that they entrench the power of incumbent tech giants like Google.There is a similar pattern at work in the adoption of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. In that field, the EU and its member states are also facing determined competition from China, which has been pushing its technologies and standards through forums such as the International Telecommunication Union.The EU has been attempting to write international rules for the use of AI which it hopes to be widely adopted. But again, these are a constraint on the use of new technologies largely developed by others, not the control of innovation.By contrast, China has created a vast domestic market in technologies like facial recognition and unleashed its own companies on it. The resulting surveillance kit can then be marketed to emerging market governments as part of China’s enduring foreign policy campaign to build up supporters in the developing world.If it genuinely wants to turn its economic power into geopolitical influence – and it’s not entirely clear what it would do with it if it did – the EU needs to recognize that not all forms of regulatory and trading dominance are the same.Providing public goods to the world economy is all very well. But unless they are so particular in nature that they project uniquely European values and interests, that makes the EU a supplier of useful plumbing but not a global architect of power.On the other hand, it could content itself with its position for the moment. It could recognize that not until enough hard power – guns, intelligence, money – is transferred from the member states to the centre, or until the member states start acting collectively, will the EU genuinely become a geopolitical force. Speaking loudly and carrying a stick of foam rubber is rarely a way to gain credibility in international relations.This article is part of a series of publications and roundtable discussions in the Chatham House Global Trade Policy Forum. Full Article
one POSTPONED: Is a 'Geopolitical' Europe Possible? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 05 Mar 2020 10:10:01 +0000 Invitation Only Research Event 25 March 2020 - 8:30am to 9:30am Chatham House | 10 St James's Square | London | SW1Y 4LE Event participants Michael Karnitschnig, Director for External Relations, Secretariat-General, European Commission What role does the EU want to play in a world characterised increasingly by power politics? The new European Commission has explicitly stated its ambition for the EU to become a stronger geopolitical actor. Is it capable of becoming a third pole in an enduring US-China stand-off?From climate change to trade policy and security, the next 5 years may prove decisive in proving the EU can be a strong player both in its neighbourhood and globally. Given what is at stake, what are the Commission’s strategic and policymaking priorities for the next five years? With the discussions on the future EU budget ongoing, what areas will be prioritized when member states come to make decisions between competing objectives? Does the way the EU is perceived externally depend on its member states’ ability to put on a united front when it comes to the most pressing global challenges?Finally, is this ambitious geopolitical vision deliverable within the EU’s existing structures? If not, are member states ready to give up more control for a stronger Europe at the EU level?PLEASE NOTE THIS EVENT IS POSTPONED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. Event attributes Chatham House Rule Department/project Europe Programme, Britain and Europe: The Post-Referendum Agenda Alina Lyadova Europe Programme Coordinator Email Full Article
one A Legionella effector kinase is activated by host inositol hexakisphosphate [Enzymology] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:06:09-07:00 The transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a protein substrate, a modification known as protein phosphorylation, is catalyzed by protein kinases. Protein kinases play a crucial role in virtually every cellular activity. Recent studies of atypical protein kinases have highlighted the structural similarity of the kinase superfamily despite notable differences in primary amino acid sequence. Here, using a bioinformatics screen, we searched for putative protein kinases in the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila and identified the type 4 secretion system effector Lpg2603 as a remote member of the protein kinase superfamily. Employing an array of biochemical and structural biology approaches, including in vitro kinase assays and isothermal titration calorimetry, we show that Lpg2603 is an active protein kinase with several atypical structural features. Importantly, we found that the eukaryote-specific host signaling molecule inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) is required for Lpg2603 kinase activity. Crystal structures of Lpg2603 in the apo-form and when bound to IP6 revealed an active-site rearrangement that allows for ATP binding and catalysis. Our results on the structure and activity of Lpg2603 reveal a unique mode of regulation of a protein kinase, provide the first example of a bacterial kinase that requires IP6 for its activation, and may aid future work on the function of this effector during Legionella pathogenesis. Full Article
one Indonesia and the ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 08 Jan 2020 11:44:49 +0000 8 January 2020 , Volume 96, Number 1 Read online Dewi Fortuna Anwar Indonesia has taken a leadership role within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in drafting a common outlook on the Indo-Pacific concept. The widening of Indonesia's geostrategic canvas from the Asia–Pacific to the Indo-Pacific is in line with President Joko Widodo's intent to make Indonesia a Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). In view of the rivalry between the US and China and the emergence of various Indo-Pacific initiatives from other countries, Indonesia believes that ASEAN must try to maintain its centrality. The draft of Indonesia's perspective for an ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific: towards a peaceful, prosperous, and inclusive region was submitted for considerations by ASEAN, and after 18 months of intensive lobbying by Indonesia the concept was finally adopted at the ASEAN Summit in June 2019. The ASEAN outlook promotes the principles of openness, inclusiveness, transparency, respect for international law and ASEAN centrality in the Indo-Pacific region. It proposes a building-block approach, seeking commonalities between existing regional initiatives in which ASEAN-led mechanisms will act as a fulcrum for both norm-setting and concrete cooperation. Rather than creating a new regional architecture, the East Asia Summit (EAS) is proposed as the platform for advancing the Indo-Pacific discourse and cooperation. Indonesia's ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific marks its renewed foreign policy activism as a middle power and underlines the continuing importance that Indonesia places on ASEAN as the cornerstone of its foreign policy, emphasising ASEAN's centrality as the primary vehicle for managing relations with the major powers in the Indo-Pacific region. Full Article
one POSTPONED: Working Towards Cyber Resilience in the GCC: Opportunities and Challenges By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 14 Feb 2020 14:10:01 +0000 Invitation Only Research Event 12 March 2020 - 9:00am to 5:00pm Muscat, Oman The GCC states have invested significantly in cybersecurity and have made large strides in protecting governments, businesses and individuals from cyber threats, with the aim of delivering on their ambitious national strategies and future visions. However, several challenges to cybersecurity and cyber resilience in the region persist, putting those ambitious plans at risk.These challenges include the uneven nature of cybersecurity protections, the incomplete implementation of cybersecurity strategies and regulations, and the issues around international cooperation. Such challenges mean that GCC states need to focus on the more difficult task of cyber resilience, in addition to the simpler initial stages of cybersecurity capacity-building, to ensure they harness the true potential of digital technologies and mitigate associated threats.Set against this background, this workshop will explore opportunities and challenges to cyber resilience in the GCC focusing on four main pillars:1. Cyber resilience: in concept and in practice2. Building an effective cybersecurity capacity3. The potential of regional and international cooperation to cyber resilience4. Deterrence and disruption: different approachesThis event will be held in collaboration with the Arab Regional Cybersecurity Centre (ARCC) and OMAN CERT.PLEASE NOTE THIS EVENT IS POSTPONED UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. Event attributes Chatham House Rule Department/project International Security Programme Esther Naylor Research Assistant, International Security Programme +44 (0)20 7314 3628 Email Full Article
one COP26 Diplomatic Briefing Series: Money Matters: Climate Finance and the COP By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 21 Apr 2020 13:25:01 +0000 Research Event 20 April 2020 - 9:00am to 10:30am Event participants Tenzin Wangmo, Lead Negotiator of the Least Developed Countries (LDC) Group Mattias Frumerie, Director at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign AffairsRachel Ward, Programme Director and Head of Policy at the Institutional Investors Group on Climate ChangeIseoluwa Akintunde, Mo Ibrahim Academy Fellow at Chatham HouseChair: Kirsty Hamilton, Associate Fellow, Chatham House Finance plays a key role in enabling climate change mitigation and adaptation. It is also a contested issue in the UN climate negotiations. The fourth event in the Chatham House COP26 Diplomatic Briefing Series will explore the politics of climate finance in the context of the COP, and provide a comprehensive update of the main climate finance-related negotiation items and processes. The topic is particularly timely given that the UK Government has made climate finance one of its top thematic priorities for COP26 and that 2020 constitutes the deadline for developed countries to mobilise USD 100 billion per year to support climate action in developing countries. Department/project Energy, Environment and Resources Programme, COP26 Diplomatic Briefing Series Anna Aberg Research Analyst, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme 020 7314 3629 Email Full Article
one Lola Shoneyin By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 05 Feb 2014 14:57:35 +0000 6 February 2014 , Volume 70, Number 1 Creative righting of wrongs Shoneyin.jpg Binyavanga Wainaina, the Kenyan author, has come out as gay. Photo: Munshi Ahmed/Bloomberg via Getty Images Full Article
one Rafts defined: a report on the Keystone symposium on lipid rafts and cell function By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2006-07-01 Linda J. PikeJul 1, 2006; 47:1597-1598Report Full Article
one Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 1986-01-01 G LepageJan 1, 1986; 27:114-120Articles Full Article
one Reactive dicarbonyl compounds cause Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide release and synergize with inflammatory conditions in mouse skin and peritoneum [Molecular Bases of Disease] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-08T03:41:14-07:00 The plasmas of diabetic or uremic patients and of those receiving peritoneal dialysis treatment have increased levels of the glucose-derived dicarbonyl metabolites like methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG). The elevated dicarbonyl levels can contribute to the development of painful neuropathies. Here, we used stimulated immunoreactive Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide (iCGRP) release as a measure of nociceptor activation, and we found that each dicarbonyl metabolite induces a concentration-, TRPA1-, and Ca2+-dependent iCGRP release. MGO, GO, and 3-DG were about equally potent in the millimolar range. We hypothesized that another dicarbonyl, 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene (3,4-DGE), which is present in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions after heat sterilization, activates nociceptors. We also showed that at body temperatures 3,4-DGE is formed from 3-DG and that concentrations of 3,4-DGE in the micromolar range effectively induced iCGRP release from isolated murine skin. In a novel preparation of the isolated parietal peritoneum PD fluid or 3,4-DGE alone, at concentrations found in PD solutions, stimulated iCGRP release. We also tested whether inflammatory tissue conditions synergize with dicarbonyls to induce iCGRP release from isolated skin. Application of MGO together with bradykinin or prostaglandin E2 resulted in an overadditive effect on iCGRP release, whereas MGO applied at a pH of 5.2 resulted in reduced release, probably due to an MGO-mediated inhibition of transient receptor potential (TRP) V1 receptors. These results indicate that several reactive dicarbonyls activate nociceptors and potentiate inflammatory mediators. Our findings underline the roles of dicarbonyls and TRPA1 receptors in causing pain during diabetes or renal disease. Full Article
one Renewable Energy: Generating Money By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 04 May 2020 10:08:14 +0000 1 November 2007 , Number 7 City types are waking up to wind, waves and the sun and their potential to make energy – and money. This is just as new energy policies for Europe emerge with twenty percent targets for renewable energy and greenhouse gas cuts. Add to the mix climate change negotiations which will be back in Bali in December. Kirsty Hamilton Associate Fellow, Energy, Environment and Resources Programme LinkedIn GettyImages-977104176.jpg Solar panels lined up Full Article
one Can Entrepreneurship Help Stabilize Conflict Zones? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Tue, 10 Apr 2018 00:00:00 +0100 Full Article
one Our Shared Humanity: Welcome and Panel One - The Arc of Intervention By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 03 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0100 Full Article
one Our Shared Humanity: Cool and Reasoned Judgement By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Mon, 03 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0100 Full Article
one Simulation: The Implications of Drone Warfare By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 28 Nov 2019 00:00:00 +0000 Full Article
one The Digital Revolution: How Do We Ensure No One Is Left Behind? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 30 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000 Full Article
one Proteomic Analysis of Salmonella-modified Membranes Reveals Adaptations to Macrophage Hosts [Research] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:05:26-07:00 Systemic infection and proliferation of intracellular pathogens require the biogenesis of a growth-stimulating compartment. The gastrointestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica commonly forms highly dynamic and extensive tubular membrane compartments built from Salmonella-modified membranes (SMMs) in diverse host cells. Although the general mechanism involved in the formation of replication-permissive compartments of S. enterica is well researched, much less is known regarding specific adaptations to different host cell types. Using an affinity-based proteome approach, we explored the composition of SMMs in murine macrophages. The systematic characterization provides a broader landscape of host players to the maturation of Salmonella-containing compartments and reveals core host elements targeted by Salmonella in macrophages as well as epithelial cells. However, we also identified subtle host specific adaptations. Some of these observations, such as the differential involvement of the COPII system, Rab GTPases 2A, 8B, 11 and ER transport proteins Sec61 and Sec22B may explain cell line-dependent variations in the pathophysiology of Salmonella infections. In summary, our system-wide approach demonstrates a hitherto underappreciated impact of the host cell type in the formation of intracellular compartments by Salmonella. Full Article
one Reviewing Antimicrobial Resistance: Where Are We Now and What Needs to Be Done? By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Fri, 30 Aug 2019 14:55:01 +0000 Research Event 8 October 2019 - 10:30am to 12:00pm RSA House, 8 John Adam Street, London, WC2N 6EZ Event participants Tim Jinks, Head of Drug-Resistant Infections Programme, WellcomeJim O’Neill, Chair, Review on Antimicrobial Resistance; Chair, Chatham HouseHaileyesus Getahun, Director of Global Coordination and Partnership on Antimicrobial Resistance, World Health Organization Juan Lubroth, Chief Veterinary Officer, Food and Agriculture Organization (Videolink)Jyoti Joshi, Head, South Asia, Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & PolicyEstelle Mbadiwe, Coordinator-Nigeria, Global Antibiotic Resistance PartnershipCharles Clift, Senior Consulting Fellow, Chatham House; Report Author The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, chaired by Jim O’Neill, was commissioned by former UK prime minister, David Cameron, in July 2014. Supported by the UK government and the Wellcome Trust, the final report of the review was published in May 2016 and has had a global impact in terms of motivating political leaders and decision-makers to take more seriously the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance.Yet there is now a perception that the political momentum to address the issue is waning and needs to be reinvigorated.In a further report produced by Chatham House, the progress of the recommendations of the review is assessed and the key ways to move forward are identified.Panellists at this event, where highlights of the report are presented, provide their assessment of the progress so far and discuss priorities for future action.The report was funded by Wellcome. Department/project Global Health Programme, Antimicrobial Resistance Alexandra Squires McCarthy Programme Coordinator, Global Health Programme +44 (0)207 314 2789 Email Full Article
one One Health Poultry Hub By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 19 Dec 2019 15:24:07 +0000 The One Health Poultry Hub is committed to minimise the international public health risks associated with the rapid intensification of poultry production in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Vietnam through building capacity for interdisciplinary research and supporting cross-sectorial collaborations at national and regional levels. Population growth is driving global demand for poultry, meat and egg production. Chatham House, in collaboration with the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, supports the programme leaders in the partner countries in the formulation and implementation of evidence-based policies and strategies focusing on the research to policy translation. Full Article
one A novel GPER antagonist protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones in female mice [Research Articles] By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: 2020-05-01T00:05:27-07:00 Many clinical studies and epidemiological investigations have clearly demonstrated that women are twice as likely to develop cholesterol gallstones as men, and oral contraceptives and other estrogen therapies dramatically increase that risk. Further, animal studies have revealed that estrogen promotes cholesterol gallstone formation through the estrogen receptor (ER) α, but not ERβ, pathway. More importantly, some genetic and pathophysiological studies have found that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) 1 is a new gallstone gene, Lith18, on chromosome 5 in mice and produces additional lithogenic actions, working independently of ERα, to markedly increase cholelithogenesis in female mice. Based on computational modeling of GPER, a novel series of GPER-selective antagonists were designed, synthesized, and subsequently assessed for their therapeutic effects via calcium mobilization, cAMP, and ERα and ERβ fluorescence polarization binding assays. From this series of compounds, one new compound, 2-cyclohexyl-4-isopropyl-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)aniline (CIMBA), exhibits superior antagonism and selectivity exclusively for GPER. Furthermore, CIMBA reduces the formation of 17β-estradiol-induced gallstones in a dose-dependent manner in ovariectomized mice fed a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. At 32 μg/day/kg CIMBA, no gallstones are found, even in ovariectomized ERα (–/–) mice treated with 6 μg/day 17β-estradiol and fed the lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. In conclusion, CIMBA treatment protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones by inhibiting the GPER signaling pathway in female mice. CIMBA may thus be a new agent for effectively treating cholesterol gallstone disease in women. Full Article
one Bolivia’s Ousted President Is Not Done Fighting For His Job By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 15 Jan 2020 12:30:32 +0000 Source VICE URL https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/9ke4bp/bolivias-ousted-president-is-not-done-... Release date 15 November 2019 Expert Dr Christopher Sabatini In the news type Op-ed Hide date on homepage Full Article
one On the existence of an operator group generated by the one-dimensional Dirac system By www.ams.org Published On :: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 08:09 EDT A. M. Savchuk and I. V. Sadovnichaya Trans. Moscow Math. Soc. 80 (2020), 235-250. Abstract, references and article information Full Article
one Spectral analysis and representation of solutions of integro-differential equations with fractional exponential kernels By www.ams.org Published On :: Fri, 10 Apr 2020 08:09 EDT V. V. Vlasov and N. A. Rautian Trans. Moscow Math. Soc. 80 (2020), 169-188. Abstract, references and article information Full Article
one Visão embaçada e distorcida nem sempre é miopia: fique atento aos sinais do ceratocone By saudeprospera.com.br Published On :: Tue, 31 Oct 2017 07:37:43 +0000 Aos primeiros sinais de visão embaçada, as hipóteses mais frequentes sempre são miopia, astigmatismo, hipermetropia. Mas esses sintomas podem indicar outra doença ocular chamada ceratocone - uma deformidade progressiva da córnea, que assume o formato... The post Visão embaçada e distorcida nem sempre é miopia: fique atento aos sinais do ceratocone appeared first on Saúde Próspera. Full Article Dicas de Saúde
one S2 Ep38: Crashing iPhones, ransomware tales and human chatbots – Naked Security Podcast By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Thu, 07 May 2020 13:17:42 +0000 Get the latest cybersecurity news, opinion and advice. Full Article Podcast Naked Security Podcast ransomware
one Indonesia and the ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific By feedproxy.google.com Published On :: Wed, 08 Jan 2020 11:44:49 +0000 8 January 2020 , Volume 96, Number 1 Read online Dewi Fortuna Anwar Indonesia has taken a leadership role within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in drafting a common outlook on the Indo-Pacific concept. The widening of Indonesia's geostrategic canvas from the Asia–Pacific to the Indo-Pacific is in line with President Joko Widodo's intent to make Indonesia a Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF). In view of the rivalry between the US and China and the emergence of various Indo-Pacific initiatives from other countries, Indonesia believes that ASEAN must try to maintain its centrality. The draft of Indonesia's perspective for an ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific: towards a peaceful, prosperous, and inclusive region was submitted for considerations by ASEAN, and after 18 months of intensive lobbying by Indonesia the concept was finally adopted at the ASEAN Summit in June 2019. The ASEAN outlook promotes the principles of openness, inclusiveness, transparency, respect for international law and ASEAN centrality in the Indo-Pacific region. It proposes a building-block approach, seeking commonalities between existing regional initiatives in which ASEAN-led mechanisms will act as a fulcrum for both norm-setting and concrete cooperation. Rather than creating a new regional architecture, the East Asia Summit (EAS) is proposed as the platform for advancing the Indo-Pacific discourse and cooperation. Indonesia's ASEAN outlook on the Indo-Pacific marks its renewed foreign policy activism as a middle power and underlines the continuing importance that Indonesia places on ASEAN as the cornerstone of its foreign policy, emphasising ASEAN's centrality as the primary vehicle for managing relations with the major powers in the Indo-Pacific region. Full Article
one Dis-playing the Game of Thrones: Part 2 By www.ams.org Published On :: Thu, 9 Jun 2016 15:05:03 -0400 Researcher: Andrew Beveridge, Macalester College Moment Title: Dis-playing the Game of Thrones Description: Andrew Beveridge uses math to analyze Game of Thrones. Full Article
one 'It was one of my best innings' By sportsjamaica.com Published On :: Kingston Tigers' wicketkeeper batsman, Chadwick Walton, continued his fine form this season Full Article
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one Content as low as 85 cents/100w! - US Writers - Money Back Guarantee - 700+ Samples available By forums.digitalpoint.com Published On :: Fri, 08 May 2020 22:49:49 +0000 Full Article
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one NHS promised £250m for AI: where will the money go? By www.techworld.com Published On :: Fri, 09 Aug 2019 13:31:00 GMT Healthcare insiders explain their hopes and fears for the government's plan to create a new AI lab within NHSX Full Article
one CBD News: Intervention du Secrétaire exécutif M. Ahmed Djoghlaf à l'occasion de la Soirée francophone de l'Organisation internationale de la francophonieau Congrès mondial de la nature, 6 octobre 2008, Barcelone, Espagne. By www.cbd.int Published On :: Mon, 06 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT Full Article
one CBD News: Summary results and conclusions of the Airbus-commissioned survey referred to in the address of the Executive Secretary delivered at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 3 September 2009. By www.cbd.int Published On :: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 00:00:00 GMT Full Article
one CBD News: Statement by Mr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, on the occasion of the Meeting of the Japan Civil Society Network for CBD, One Year before CBD COP 10, 11 October 2009, Nagoya, Japan. By www.cbd.int Published On :: Sun, 11 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT Full Article
one CBD News: Statement by Dr. Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, on the occasion of the Third Business and the 2010 Biodiversity Challenge Conference, 30 November 2009, Jakarta, Indonesia. By www.cbd.int Published On :: Mon, 30 Nov 2009 00:00:00 GMT Full Article
one CBD Press Release: Curitiba, One of the Greenest Cities in the World, Celebrates the International Year of Biodiversity. By www.cbd.int Published On :: Fri, 08 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT Full Article
