Nancy Kanwisher
Jun 1, 1997; 17:4302-4311
Articles

Italian translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, September 2017

Italian translation of the Press Release on the pre-release of two special chapters of the Annual Economic Report of the BIS, 17 June 2018. Trust is the missing link in today's cryptocurrencies - Cryptocurrencies' model of generating trust limits their potential to replace conventional money, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) writes in its Annual Economic Report (AER), a new title launched this year.

Italian translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, December 2018

French translation of the press release about the Basel Committee publishing a discussion paper on "The regulatory treatment of sovereign exposures" (7 December 2017)

French translation of "Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms", December 2017.

French translation of press release - the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is finalising stress-testing principles, reviews ways to stop regulatory arbitrage behaviour, agrees on annual G-SIB list, discusses leverage ratio, crypto-assets, market risk framework and implementation, 20 September 2018.

French translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, December 2018

Spanish translation of "Basel III: Finalising post-crisis reforms", December 2017.

Spanish translation of press release - the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision is finalising stress-testing principles, reviews ways to stop regulatory arbitrage behaviour, agrees on annual G-SIB list, discusses leverage ratio, crypto-assets, market risk framework and implementation, 20 September 2018.

Spanish translation of "Pillar 3 disclosure requirements - updated framework", December 2018

Spanish translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, December 2018

Spanish translation of the BIS press release about the BIS Quarterly Review, March 2019

02020-02-04: Burn Scars in Australia

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule that fulfills diverse functional roles as a neurotransmitter or diffusible second messenger in the developing and adult CNS. Although the impact of NO on different behaviors such as movement, sleep, learning, and memory has been well documented, the identity of its molecular and cellular targets is still an area of ongoing investigation. Here, we identify a novel role for NO in strengthening inhibitory GABA_A receptor-mediated transmission in molecular layer interneurons of the mouse cerebellum. NO levels are elevated by the activity of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) following Ca²⁺ entry through extrasynaptic NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDARs). NO activates protein kinase G with the subsequent production of cGMP, which prompts the stimulation of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C (PKC). The activation of PKC promotes the selective strengthening of α3-containing GABA_ARs synapses through a GABA receptor-associated protein-dependent mechanism. Given the widespread but cell type-specific expression of the NMDAR/nNOS complex in the mammalian brain, our data suggest that NMDARs may uniquely strengthen inhibitory GABAergic transmission in these cells through a novel NO-mediated pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Long-term changes in the efficacy of GABAergic transmission is mediated by multiple presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. A prominent pathway involves crosstalk between excitatory and inhibitory synapses whereby Ca²⁺-entering through postsynaptic NMDARs promotes the recruitment and strengthening of GABA_A receptor synapses via Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Although Ca²⁺ transport by NMDARs is also tightly coupled to nNOS activity and NO production, it has yet to be determined whether this pathway affects inhibitory synapses. Here, we show that activation of NMDARs trigger a NO-dependent pathway that strengthens inhibitory GABAergic synapses of cerebellar molecular layer interneurons. Given the widespread expression of NMDARs and nNOS in the mammalian brain, we speculate that NO control of GABAergic synapse efficacy may be more widespread than has been appreciated.

Structural plasticity of dendritic spines is a key component of the refinement of synaptic connections during learning. Recent studies highlight a novel role for the NMDA receptor (NMDAR), independent of ion flow, in driving spine shrinkage and LTD. Yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms that link conformational changes in the NMDAR to changes in spine size and synaptic strength. Here, using two-photon glutamate uncaging to induce plasticity at individual dendritic spines on hippocampal CA1 neurons from mice and rats of both sexes, we demonstrate that p38 MAPK is generally required downstream of non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling to drive both spine shrinkage and LTD. In a series of pharmacological and molecular genetic experiments, we identify key components of the non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling pathway driving dendritic spine shrinkage, including the interaction between NOS1AP (nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), nNOS enzymatic activity, activation of MK2 (MAPK-activated protein kinase 2) and cofilin, and signaling through CaMKII. Our results represent a large step forward in delineating the molecular mechanisms of non-ionotropic NMDAR signaling that can drive shrinkage and elimination of dendritic spines during synaptic plasticity.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Signaling through the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is vitally important for the synaptic plasticity that underlies learning. Recent studies highlight a novel role for the NMDAR, independent of ion flow, in driving synaptic weakening and dendritic spine shrinkage during synaptic plasticity. Here, we delineate several key components of the molecular pathway that links conformational signaling through the NMDAR to dendritic spine shrinkage during synaptic plasticity.

Cash transfer programmes – regular money payments to poor households - aim to reduce poverty, promote sustainable livelihoods and increase production in the developing world. During the past decade, an increasing number of governments in sub-Saharan Africa have launched cash transfer programmes that target the most vulnerable groups, including subsistence farmers, people with disabilities and HIV/AIDS, as well as families [...]

Eradicating world hunger can only be achieved if food is safe, nutritious and of good quality. Eating unsafe food increases the chances of contracting diseases and can be, in some cases, deadly. Unsafe food can also lead to rejections causing food to be wasted, which then impacts on food security. One thing is certain: there can be no food security [...]

We often talk about the future of food, but what about its history? In our day to day lives, we might not realize that some of our staple foods have come from extraordinary agricultural traditions that are deeply rooted in our cultures and identity.

Wildfires leave behind a patchwork of forest densities that can give bats more room to fly and hunt

But the scientists still aren’t sure what the birds are saying

Greenery is sprouting from scorched tree trunks as the forests regrow their canopies

The children's book author and illustrator purchased the repurposed World War II vessel in 1967

From shy to bold with shades in between, dolphin personalities are surprisingly similar to ours

A rare bloom of microscopic organisms capable of making their own blue light has transformed several of the state’s beaches

Currently in the works, the new monument will honor her contributions and legacy with a contemplative space

“Care Package” showcases Asian American and Pacific Islander artists, writers and scholars as sources of solace during the Covid-19 pandemic

vitality

Two girls run up the rounded walls of the Heydar Aliyev Center in the heart of Baku.

The N.W.T. and Nunavut Workers’ Safety and Compensation Commission says it filed multiple charges in the Nunavut Court of Justice under the Nunavut Safety Act on May 1.

Some New Brunswick business owners already facing a cash crunch because of COVID-19 have received an unwelcome shock from NB Power: electricity bills that don’t take into account how little energy they’ve been consuming.

The tourism and hospitality industries, which play a large role in the economy of almost every community in northwestern Ontario, are taking a beating during the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, the manager of Tourism Thunder Bay is figuring out how “dire” the situation is, and what could be done to help.

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Job of The Week: CEO – Nordoff Robbins Music Therapy http://bit.ly/aFIMNM

Visitors to the 1900 Paris Exposition would have had the opportunity to view an extraordinary display of photographs, charts, publications and other items meant to demonstrate the progress and resilience of African Americans in the United States, only a few decades after the abolition of slavery. The materials were assembled by African American intellectuals Thomas J. […]

Architects and planners from the Netherlands are advising coastal cities worldwide on how to live with water

Rutgers' RUCDR Infinite Biologics received an amended emergency use authorization from the FDA late Thursday for the first SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus test that will allow people to collect their own saliva at home and send to a lab for results.

Jean-Talon market has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, there are controlled entrances, someone making sure you douse your hands with sanitizer and another with a clicker in hand, counting the number of people who enter.

Sheltering in place doesn’t mean you have to give up the best of wine country's offerings

Manitoba municipalities will be receiving most of their operating funding from the province sooner than usual because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the province announced Friday.

How to rebuild social solidarity.

"So there are days when I feel down and out, but I remember the gratitude bit in the back of my head (sic)."

CONCACAF president Victor Montagliani says the global pandemic will result in a change in World Cup qualifying for the region that covers North and Central America and the Caribbean.

The Ottawa Senators have named Anthony LeBlanc as their president of business operations. LeBlanc was most recently a founding partner of Schooner Sports and Entertainment, a group trying to bring a CFL team to Halifax.