In this session we will cover key charity issues for institutions including:...

This panel-style session will provide a forum for high level discussion of data sharing and confidentiality in the context of student mental health and wellbeing and will assist institutions to identify best practice. It will be chaired and facilita...

Derby Technology Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and others v Derby City Council and others [2019] EWHC 3436 (Ch) The High Court has held that NHS Foundation Trusts are not charities for business rates’ purposes and are therefore not entitled t...

Given the current climate we are in, we appreciate that charities and not-for-profits are finding themselves in a very difficult position and we want to help. We would like to offer our services to give pro bono advice and a forum to discuss any Cor...

President of the Senate, Ahmad Lawan, has condoled with President Muhammadu Buhari over the death of his nephew, Alhaji Mutari Dauda. Lawan also commiserated with Malam Mamman Daura over the passing of Mutari, who was his younger brother. The Senate President said he shared in the grief of the entire Daura community, Government and people […]

Senator Lawan sends message to Buhari over nephew’s death

Sokoto Governor, Aminu Tambuwal has hailed President Muhammadu Buhari for commitment to tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. Tambuwal spoke on Friday at the inauguration of the State COVID-19 Volunteers. He noted that coronavirus was being properly addressed by Buhari and the Presidential Task Force on COVID-19. “I personally want to appreciate the president and the Task […]

Tambuwal sends message to Buhari

The Minister of Mines and Steel Development, Olamilekan Adegbite, has claimed that some influential Nigerians are the sponsors of those caught mining illegally. According to Adegbite, “these godfathers” are putting pressure on the federal government to free Chinese nationals arrested for illegal mining. The Osun government on Monday, announced the arrest of 27 persons for […]

Buhari’s Minister reveals influential Nigerians fighting for release of Chinese arrested in Osun

Governor Nyesom Wike of Rivers State has told the people of the State and the entire Nigerians to hold the President Muhammadu Buhari-led Federal Government responsible if COVID-19 escalates in the State. Wike said this in his statewide broadcast on Friday, adding that nobody should be surprised if the coronavirus cases in the State rise […]

COVID-19: Hold Buhari govt responsible if coronavirus escalates in Rivers – Wike cries out

Conference of Civil Society of Nigeria and Civil Society Centre for Leadership and Followership on Friday urged President Muhammadu Buhari to set up ECOWAS Sub-regional Taskforce on Coronavirus response. The call was made on Friday by at a press conference in by Comrade Adams Otakwu, Coordinator of Civil Society Situation Room on COVID 19. Read […]

The post Set up ECOWAS Covid-19 Task force, CSOs tell Buhari appeared first on Nigerian Pilot News.

The Charities Act 2006 (now the Charities Act 2011) introduced a new form of incorporated charitable entity, the CIO.  There has been a long delay in making CIOs available but their imminent arrival has been heralded by a recent government anno...

Introduction The Charities (Protection and Social Investment) Bill 2015 (“the Bill”) is currently before Parliament. The Bill is relatively short and deals with two areas in particular: i) the powers of charities to make social investmen...

Introduction The Charities (Protection and Social Investment) Bill 2015 (“the Bill”) is currently before Parliament. The Bill is relatively short and deals with two areas in particular: i) the powers of charities to make social investmen...

Closing a loophole? One of the key features, and one of the most contentious provisions, of the Charities (Protection and Social Investment) Bill 2015 (“the Bill”) is the new power it will grant the Charity Commission (“the Commission”) to issue of...

The ICO has launched a public consultation on its new draft data sharing code of practice. The consultation period ends on 9 September 2019. It is an update of the previous code, to align it with GDPR so as to address transparency, lawful bases for ...

The Data Protection Commission (“DPC”) issued guidance on data sharing in the public sector. The DPC noted its support for developing more efficient and customer-centric public services and sought to clarify the public sector obligations...

On 4 March 2020, the Competition and Markets Authority (“CMA”) fined four pharmaceutical companies for breaching competition law through market sharing and the exchange of competitively sensitive information relating to the supply of nor...

(MENAFN - The Peninsula) Doha: With QFFD support, Qatar Charity is providing healthcare to pregnant Syrian refugees. The same place brought them toget... ......

We have begun an independent investigationinto the contact the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) had with a man before he suffered a life-changing injury in Haringey, north London on Monday 4 May 2020. The MPS made a mandatory referralto us following the incident when police on patrol approached a man, in his 20s, on Burgoyne Road, N4. Such a referralis usual practice when a person is seriously injured following direct or indirect police contact. We understand that the man ran off and police officers chased and then Tasered him as he jumped over a wall. The man fell and suffered serious injuries. He was arrested for drug related offences and was taken to hospital where he was assessed as...

On Thursday, 7 May, the IOPC launched an independent investigation into the full circumstances of an incident in Haringey on 4 May in which a man sustained serious injuries. We fully support this investigation and continue to co-operate with the IOPC's...

news V Sunday of Easter. Eucharistic Liturgy, online at 8pm (GMT 2) from the church of Sant'Egidio May 9 2020 - ROME,...

1. Introduction 1.1 The Charity Commission has recently released detailed guidance for charities on their connections to non-charities, highlighting that whilst such connections can bring benefits they can also present risks and challenges. Common s...

[Nyasa Times] Malawi opposition supporters erupted into wild scenes of celebrations on Friday after the Supreme Court on Friday in a unanimous decision upheld an earlier constitutional court ruling that declared President Peter Mutharika was "not duly elected" in a disputed 2019 vote.

Hong Kong’s Canto-pop “dancing king” Aaron Kwok Fu-shing’s online charity concert on Saturday afternoon to help the city’s struggling dancers attracted about 2 million viewers and raised more than HK$1 million, amid local signs of an easing coronavirus threat.Kwok’s onstage moves are known to be inspired by Michael Jackson. The one-hour performance by the singer-dancer-actor, 54, flanked by about 100 dancers, was live-streamed on multiple channels on social media from 5pm to 6pm.He performed on…

LAHORE: Pakistan Muslim League-N President and National Assembly opposition leader Shahbaz Sharif has demanded an in-depth investigation into the medicine scandal through a parliamentary...

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ISLAMABAD: The National Accountability Bureau Multan has sent a questionnaire to Opposition Leader in the National Assembly and President PML-N Shahbaz Sharif, ex-minister of state Balighur Rehman,...

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LAHORE: Pakistan Muslim League-N President and National Assembly opposition leader Shahbaz Sharif has demanded an in-depth investigation into the medicine scandal through a parliamentary committee. Sugar, wheat and IPPs scandals, the latest drug scandal indicates how powerful mafias within the...

Former Prime Minister Saad Hariri Thursday dismissed as not useful the meeting held the previous day at Baabda Palace to discuss the economic financial rescue plan which he and his parliamentary Future bloc boycotted.

TikTok's rise has been meteoric. With more than 3 million people a day now downloading the app, its success is down to more than just luck

Effective altruists use evidence and reason to maximise the impact of their kindness. Joshua Howgego follows their lead to see if it can help him do good better

Title: Sharing Breast Milk May Pose Risks Women Haven't Considered
Category: Health News
Created: 4/30/2015 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 5/1/2015 12:00:00 AM

Title: Blepharitis
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 5/5/2009 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 1/9/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Ride-Sharing Services Tied to Rise in Car Crashes
Category: Health News
Created: 4/7/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 4/8/2020 12:00:00 AM

ABSTRACT

One of the primary functions of the mucosal barrier, found lining epithelial cells, is to serve as a first-line of defense against microbial pathogens. The major structural components of mucus are heavily glycosylated proteins called mucins. Mucins are key components of the innate immune system as they aid in the clearance of pathogens and can decrease pathogen virulence. It has also been recently reported that individual mucins and derived glycans can attenuate the virulence of the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we show data indicating that mucins not only play a role in host defense but that they can also be subverted by P. aeruginosa to cause disease. We found that the mucin MUL-1 and mucin-derived monosaccharides N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine are required for P. aeruginosa killing of Caenorhabditis elegans. We also found that the defective adhesion of P. aeruginosa to human lung alveolar epithelial cells, deficient in the mucin MUC1, can be reversed by the addition of individual monosaccharides. The monosaccharides identified in this study are found in a wide range of organisms where they act as host factors required for bacterial pathogenesis. While mucins in C. elegans lack sialic acid caps, which makes their monosaccharides readily available, they are capped in other species. Pathogens such as P. aeruginosa that lack sialidases may rely on enzymes from other bacteria to utilize mucin-derived monosaccharides.

IMPORTANCE One of the first lines of defense present at mucosal epithelial tissues is mucus, which is a highly viscous material formed by mucin glycoproteins. Mucins serve various functions, but importantly they aid in the clearance of pathogens and debris from epithelial barriers and serve as innate immune factors. In this study, we describe a requirement of host monosaccharides, likely derived from host mucins, for the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to colonize the intestine and ultimately cause death in Caenorhabditis elegans. We also demonstrate that monosaccharides alter the ability of bacteria to bind to both Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal cells and human lung alveolar epithelial cells, suggesting that there are conserved mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions in a range of organisms. By gaining a better understanding of pathogen-mucin interactions, we can develop better approaches to protect against pathogen infection.

ABSTRACT

Adjuvants can be used to potentiate the function of antibiotics whose efficacy has been reduced by acquired or intrinsic resistance. In the present study, we discovered that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) sensitize strains of group B Streptococcus (GBS) to trimethoprim (TMP), an antibiotic to which GBS is intrinsically resistant. Reductions in the MIC of TMP reached as high as 512-fold across a diverse panel of isolates. To better understand HMOs’ mechanism of action, we characterized the metabolic response of GBS to HMO treatment using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS/MS) analysis. These data showed that when challenged by HMOs, GBS undergoes significant perturbations in metabolic pathways related to the biosynthesis and incorporation of macromolecules involved in membrane construction. This study represents reports the metabolic characterization of a cell that is perturbed by HMOs.

IMPORTANCE Group B Streptococcus is an important human pathogen that causes serious infections during pregnancy which can lead to chorioamnionitis, funisitis, premature rupture of gestational membranes, preterm birth, neonatal sepsis, and death. GBS is evolving antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and the work presented in this paper provides evidence that prebiotics such as human milk oligosaccharides can act as adjuvants to restore the utility of antibiotics.

ABSTRACT

The Candida albicans high-affinity phosphate transporter Pho84 is required for normal Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling, oxidative stress resistance, and virulence of this fungal pathogen. It also contributes to C. albicans’ tolerance of two antifungal drug classes, polyenes and echinocandins. Echinocandins inhibit biosynthesis of a major cell wall component, beta-1,3-glucan. Cells lacking Pho84 were hypersensitive to other forms of cell wall stress beyond echinocandin exposure, while their cell wall integrity signaling response was weak. Metabolomics experiments showed that levels of phosphoric intermediates, including nucleotides like ATP and nucleotide sugars, were low in pho84 mutant compared to wild-type cells recovering from phosphate starvation. Nonphosphoric precursors like nucleobases and nucleosides were elevated. Outer cell wall phosphomannan biosynthesis requires a nucleotide sugar, GDP-mannose. The nucleotide sugar UDP-glucose is the substrate of enzymes that synthesize two major structural cell wall polysaccharides, beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-glucan. Another nucleotide sugar, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, is the substrate of chitin synthases which produce a stabilizing component of the intercellular septum and of lateral cell walls. Lack of Pho84 activity, and phosphate starvation, potentiated pharmacological or genetic perturbation of these enzymes. We posit that low substrate concentrations of beta-d-glucan- and chitin synthases, together with pharmacologic inhibition of their activity, diminish enzymatic reaction rates as well as the yield of their cell wall-stabilizing products. Phosphate import is not conserved between fungal and human cells, and humans do not synthesize beta-d-glucans or chitin. Hence, inhibiting these processes simultaneously could yield potent antifungal effects with low toxicity to humans.

IMPORTANCE Candida species cause hundreds of thousands of invasive infections with high mortality each year. Developing novel antifungal agents is challenging due to the many similarities between fungal and human cells. Maintaining phosphate balance is essential for all organisms but is achieved completely differently by fungi and humans. A protein that imports phosphate into fungal cells, Pho84, is not present in humans and is required for normal cell wall stress resistance and cell wall integrity signaling in C. albicans. Nucleotide sugars, which are phosphate-containing building block molecules for construction of the cell wall, are diminished in cells lacking Pho84. Cell wall-constructing enzymes may be slowed by lack of these building blocks, in addition to being inhibited by drugs. Combined targeting of Pho84 and cell wall-constructing enzymes may provide a strategy for antifungal therapy by which two sequential steps of cell wall maintenance are blocked for greater potency.

ABSTRACT

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may provide health benefits to infants partly by shaping the development of the early-life intestinal microbiota. In a randomized double-blinded controlled multicentric clinical trial, healthy term infants received either infant formula (control) or the same formula with two HMOs (2'-fucosyllactose and lacto-N-neotetraose; test) from enrollment (0 to 14 days) to 6 months. Then, all infants received the same follow-up formula without HMOs until 12 months of age. Breastfed infants (BF) served as a reference group. Stool microbiota at 3 and 12 months, analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, clustered into seven fecal community types (FCTs) with marked differences in total microbial abundances. Three of the four 12-month FCTs were likely precursors of the adult enterotypes. At 3 months, microbiota composition in the test group (n = 58) appeared closer to that of BF (n = 35) than control (n = 63) by microbiota alpha (within group) and beta (between groups) diversity analyses and distribution of FCTs. While bifidobacteriaceae dominated two FCTs, its abundance was significantly higher in one (FCT BiH for Bifidobacteriaceae at high abundance) than in the other (FCT Bi for Bifidobacteriaceae). HMO supplementation increased the number of infants with FCT BiH (predominant in BF) at the expense of FCT Bi (predominant in control). We explored the association of the FCTs with reported morbidities and medication use up to 12 months. Formula-fed infants with FCT BiH at 3 months were significantly less likely to require antibiotics during the first year than those with FCT Bi. Previously reported lower rates of infection-related medication use with HMOs may therefore be linked to gut microbiota community types. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT01715246.)

IMPORTANCE Human milk is the sole and recommended nutrition for the newborn infant and contains one of the largest constituents of diverse oligosaccharides, dubbed human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). Preclinical and clinical association studies indicate that HMOs have multiple physiological functions largely mediated through the establishment of the gut microbiome. Until recently, HMOs were not available to investigate their role in randomized controlled intervention trials. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of 2 HMOs on establishing microbiota in newborn infants. We provide a detailed description of the microbiota changes observed upon feeding a formula with 2 HMOs in comparison to breastfed reference infants' microbiota. Then, we associate the microbiota to long-term health as assessed by prescribed antibiotic use.

ABSTRACT

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential glycolipid present in the outer membrane (OM) of many Gram-negative bacteria. Balanced biosynthesis of LPS is critical for cell viability; too little LPS weakens the OM, while too much LPS is lethal. In Escherichia coli, this balance is maintained by the YciM/FtsH protease complex, which adjusts LPS levels by degrading the LPS biosynthesis enzyme LpxC. Here, we provide evidence that activity of the YciM/FtsH protease complex is inhibited by the essential protein YejM. Using strains in which LpxC activity is reduced, we show that yciM is epistatic to yejM, demonstrating that YejM acts upstream of YciM to prevent toxic overproduction of LPS. Previous studies have shown that this toxicity can be suppressed by deleting lpp, which codes for a highly abundant OM lipoprotein. It was assumed that deletion of lpp restores lipid balance by increasing the number of acyl chains available for glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. We show that this is not the case. Rather, our data suggest that preventing attachment of lpp to the peptidoglycan sacculus allows excess LPS to be shed in vesicles. We propose that this loss of OM material allows continued transport of LPS to the OM, thus preventing lethal accumulation of LPS within the inner membrane. Overall, our data justify the commitment of three essential inner membrane proteins to avoid toxic over- or underproduction of LPS.

IMPORTANCE Gram-negative bacteria are encapsulated by an outer membrane (OM) that is impermeable to large and hydrophobic molecules. As such, these bacteria are intrinsically resistant to several clinically relevant antibiotics. To better understand how the OM is established or maintained, we sought to clarify the function of the essential protein YejM in Escherichia coli. Here, we show that YejM inhibits activity of the YciM/FtsH protease complex, which regulates synthesis of the essential OM glycolipid lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data suggest that disrupting proper communication between LPS synthesis and transport to the OM leads to accumulation of LPS within the inner membrane (IM). The lethality associated with this event can be suppressed by increasing OM vesiculation. Our research has identified a completely novel signaling pathway that we propose coordinates LPS synthesis and transport.

ABSTRACT

All enterococci produce a complex polysaccharide called the enterococcal polysaccharide antigen (EPA). This polymer is required for normal cell growth and division and for resistance to cephalosporins and plays a critical role in host-pathogen interaction. The EPA contributes to host colonization and is essential for virulence, conferring resistance to phagocytosis during the infection. Recent studies revealed that the "decorations" of the EPA polymer, encoded by genetic loci that are variable between isolates, underpin the biological activity of this surface polysaccharide. In this work, we investigated the structure of the EPA polymer produced by the high-risk enterococcal clonal complex Enterococcus faecalis V583. We analyzed purified EPA from the wild-type strain and a mutant lacking decorations and elucidated the structure of the EPA backbone and decorations. We showed that the rhamnan backbone of EPA is composed of a hexasaccharide repeat unit of C2- and C3-linked rhamnan chains, partially substituted in the C3 position by α-glucose (α-Glc) and in the C2 position by β-N-acetylglucosamine (β-GlcNAc). The so-called "EPA decorations" consist of phosphopolysaccharide chains corresponding to teichoic acids covalently bound to the rhamnan backbone. The elucidation of the complete EPA structure allowed us to propose a biosynthetic pathway, a first essential step toward the design of antimicrobials targeting the synthesis of this virulence factor.

IMPORTANCE Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens responsible for hospital- and community-acquired infections. All enterococci produce a surface polysaccharide called EPA (enterococcal polysaccharide antigen) required for biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenesis. Despite the critical role of EPA in cell growth and division and as a major virulence factor, no information is available on its structure. Here, we report the complete structure of the EPA polymer produced by the model strain E. faecalis V583. We describe the structure of the EPA backbone, made of a rhamnan hexasaccharide substituted by Glc and GlcNAc residues, and show that teichoic acids are covalently bound to this rhamnan chain, forming the so-called "EPA decorations" essential for host colonization and pathogenesis. This report represents a key step in efforts to identify the structural properties of EPA that are essential for its biological activity and to identify novel targets to develop preventive and therapeutic approaches against enterococci.

Key Points

Fluoroquinolones are reported to possess immunomodulatory activity; hence, a novel benzoquinolizine fluoroquinolone, levonadifloxacin, was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human whole-blood (HWB) and mouse acute lung injury (ALI) models. Levonadifloxacin significantly mitigated the inflammatory responses in an HWB assay through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and in the ALI model by lowering lung total white blood cell count, myeloperoxidase, and cytokine levels. The immunomodulatory effect of levonadifloxacin, along with promising antibacterial activity, is expected to provide clinical benefits in the treatment of infections.

जानलेवा महामारी कोरोना वायरस से संक्रमित बिहार के बिहार शरीफ के रहने वाले महताब आलम संक्रमण से मुक्त हो गए हैं।

Stuck for things to play this weekend? After offering their exhaustive JRPG lineup at a pittance last week, Square Enix have this week gutted the price of their Eidos Anthology bundle on Steam as part of their “Stay Home & Play” campaign – offering 54 PC classics, contemporary bangers and bizarre curiosities for just under […]

TikTok's rise has been meteoric. With more than 3 million people a day now downloading the app, its success is down to more than just luck

"If we don't have all the information in front of us to help us make decisions, then how do we flatten the curve and stop the spread?"

54 games, including titles from Tomb Raider, Just Cause, and Deus Ex, are in this charity bundle.

The 27-year-old star has finished working on her new record - the follow up to 2017's 'Younger Now' - and while she revealed the material is