The activation of autonomic and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) systems occurs interdependently with behavioral adjustments under varying environmental demands. Nevertheless, laboratory rodent studies examining the neural bases of stress responses have generally attributed increments in these systems to be monolithic, regardless of whether an active or passive coping strategy is employed. Using the shock probe defensive burying test (SPDB) to measure stress-coping features naturalistically in male and female rats, we identify a neural pathway whereby activity changes may promote distinctive response patterns of hemodynamic and HPA indices typifying active and passive coping phenotypes. Optogenetic excitation of the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) input to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) decreased passive behavior (immobility), attenuated the glucocorticoid hormone response, but did not prevent arterial pressure and heart rate increases associated with rats’ active behavioral (defensive burying) engagement during the SPDB. In contrast, inhibition of the same pathway increased behavioral immobility and attenuated hemodynamic output but did not affect glucocorticoid increases. Further analyses confirmed that hemodynamic increments occurred preferentially during active behaviors and decrements during immobility epochs, whereas pathway manipulations, regardless of the directionality of effect, weakened these correlational relationships. Finally, neuroanatomical evidence indicated that the influence of the rostral mPFC->vlPAG pathway on coping response patterns is mediated predominantly through GABAergic neurons within vlPAG. These data highlight the importance of this prefrontal->midbrain connection in organizing stress-coping responses and in coordinating bodily systems with behavioral output for adaptation to aversive experiences.

Headlines for November 13, 2024; ACLU Attorney Lee Gelernt on How Rights Groups Are Preparing to Fight Trump’s Mass Deportations; Immigrant Activist to Biden: Close Deportation Cases Now to Take a Weapon Away from Trump; Trump Taps Fossil Fuel Ally Lee Zeldin to Head EPA, Push “Anti-Environmental Agenda”; Head of U.N. Climate Summit in Azerbaijan Caught on Tape Pushing Oil & Gas Deals

After seeking God to change his current course, Hein van der Merwe attends a five-day programme at OM South Africa and finds new direction.

Australian outreach participant Kathryn Jenkin testifies to how God used her prayers while on outreach in Lesotho.

OM South Africa SportsLink team enjoys a day of ministry with kids in a development centre.

During an outreach to Lesotho an MDT team meets an older man during door-to-door ministry and invites him to their daily prayer meeting.

God uses three OM Russia Discipleship Centre students to bring hope and help to members of a remote church in Siberia.

The OM Philippines-Cebu team, in partnership with the local church, touches the lives of young and old through a five-day Bible class.

OM Philippines brings relief to the earthquake-shattered island of Bohol.

Over 50 pastors and family members from Tacloban enjoy a weekend getaway organised by OM Philippines from 7-9 March.

God answers two specific prayers during an outreach in Mozambique.

In an Istanbul neighbourhood of 200,000 people, an OM worker, prompted by God, asks a question to the only person who knows the answer.

A Turkish girl helps out at the Bible Correspondence Course (BCC) as part of her church's discipleship programme.

After experiencing answered prayer, a Syrian woman finds faith through gifts of the "Jesus Film" and a Bible.

It has been four full years since she left Syria and now Fayima has seen the Light!

Mikael from Norway is 18 years old and passionate for Jesus. Recently he shared his faith during a sports outreach in London.

With OM Lifehope, Andrea works with a local church and growing church plant, providing her with many opportunities to build relationships with locals.

Short-term workers are inspired to share the good news after experiencing opportunities on outreach in Turkey.

A story about a day in a refugee center in Athens.

A community of believers from across the world come together to establish houses of prayer along what has been called the Isaiah 19 Highway.

Ten years ago, Lydia* arrived on the field as a single woman. Now married and with two kids, her method of ministry has changed entirely.

Workers from the Middle East North Africa Area share how they use strategic prayer to prepare the way for God to move across the region.

One couple talks about how God has answered 50-year old prayers for the Middle East North Africa region.

As prayer ministries grow in the Near East, one worker speaks into the challenges of leading a regional ministry of prayer.

To counter negative effects caused by lack of jobs and activities in the local area, OM Italy now offers free football games.

Meeting Christian refugees praying for European governments made a deep impression on a Transform participant. For another, the term ‘refugee’ got a whole new meaning.

By providing holistic care and support to victims of human trafficking, OM hopes to lead them to freedom in Christ.

In January 2013, OM Norway and Norwegian Naval Training Agency agreed on internship programme for deckhands and motormen on board MV Logos Hope.

God is moving the Europe Riverboat Project on as a captain is found, a boat contracted, and volunteer crew begin to board.

OM's Riverboat will bring the gospel to six ports in three European countries over the course of three months, starting in December 2017.

In an effort to respond to the growing need, OM partner organisation AIDSLink International conducts Channels of Hope training in Malaysia and Myanmar.

On 9 August 2014, OM Malaysia held an open house to celebrate 30 years of ministry, with OM International Director Lawrence Tong as the guest of honour.

TeenStreet Malaysia 2015 was attended by over 350 teenagers wanting to draw closer to God.

Teenstreet Malaysia 2016 begins, and teens there are studying "The Art of Living".

The varied teaching styles at Teenstreet Malaysia 2016 helped teens to connect with the theme of discovering their identity.

In 1963, the first OM team travelled overland from Europe to India, sharing the gospel along the way and initiating a movement that would reached millions with the gospel.

Bus4Life ministers in Central and Eastern Europe, bringing hope and Christian literature to the region's widespread towns and villages. During the spring and early summer of 2018, Bus4Life visited Hungary, Moldova, and Ukraine.

OM Ecuador experiences God’s awesome hand as they witness the transformation in people’s lives on Santay Island.

OM Ecuador team members and volunteers see God open doors and protect the team during a recent trip to the highlands of Ecuador.

After many years of ministry and much prayer, men are coming to Christ on Santay Island in Ecuador.

Jean Pierre's prayer was answered during a Christmas celebration with OM in La Estancia/Simón Bolívar which was impacted by the 2016 earthquake.

A woman has been arrested after leaving her son unattended along a road, allowing him to run off in the night following a tantrum and falsely reporting a kidnapping.

Fraud, privacy, and tracking the customer journey will continue to be key issues for marketers doing omnichannel.

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Malacañang has issued proclamations declaring local holidays in nine areas in the country.

The National Bureau of Investigation will celebrate today its 88th founding anniversary with events planned to recognize the NBI’s nearly nine decades of service.

“The Commission continues to criticise previous designs, despite our clarification that these have been discarded and will be redesigned based on the outcomes of the local plan review”

“Climate change continues to happen, and it is important that Israel remains part of the efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change,” Behar said.

Washington warned Israel last month that military aid could be limited until progress was made. It did so based on Memorandum 20, which links such aid to humanitarian actions.

In her Instagram post, Argamani shared her frustration that 101 hostages have not yet been rescued from Hamas.