The Tennessee Lady Vols have added forward-center Keyen Green as a graduate transfer from Liberty. Coach Kellie Harper announced Wednesday that Green has signed a scholarship for the upcoming season. The 6-foot-1 Green spent the past four seasons at Liberty and graduated in May 2019.

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Development Plasticity Repair

Barbara J. Weiland
Jan 28, 2015; 35:1505-1512
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KM Harris
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Fiona Doetsch
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HG Kuhn
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The U.S. Postal Service recently has been battered by a decline in the number of packages it delivers, partly caused by the coronavirus situation. It reportedly is losing $2 billion each month and will be "illiquid" by Sept. 30. The USPS is chartered to do the hard and often unprofitable work no one else wants to do, but the White House has rejected talk of a bailout for the service.

At 5,000 years old, the weapon predates the era when humans first started using tin to make bronze

The RCMP say criminal charges are pending after a report came in about an arson Friday morning, in which everyone inside was able to escape with no injuries.

The U.S. Postal Service recently has been battered by a decline in the number of packages it delivers, partly caused by the coronavirus situation. It reportedly is losing $2 billion each month and will be "illiquid" by Sept. 30. The USPS is chartered to do the hard and often unprofitable work no one else wants to do, but the White House has rejected talk of a bailout for the service.

Bank of Italy Working Papers by Luca Metelli, Filippo Natoli and Luca Rossi

Cate Devine

Nicola Sturgeon won plaudits from some unlikely quarters this week for her “grown-up conversation” on lifting the lockdown.

EDUCATION Secretary John Swinney does not expect schools to reopen overnight as he stressed they would only do so when it was safe for public health.

The California district rolled out a culturally-specific program to support black male students, and the program has led to positive outcomes for students who had an opportunity to participate.

A new evaluation of an Oakland, Calif., school district program designed to wrap black male students in a culturally rich and supportive environment is paying off.

A group of young people were filmed taunting a Native American man and military veteran who was participating in the Indigenous Peoples March.

The California district rolled out a culturally-specific program to support black male students, and the program has led to positive outcomes for students who had an opportunity to participate.

The extent to which young adults' laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted disease results and self-reported sexual behaviors are consistent has not been assessed in a nationally representative sample.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether young adults' reports of recent sexual behavior (presence of penile/vaginal sex in the previous 12 months) correspond with the presence of laboratory-confirmed nonviral STDs assessed by nucleic acid amplification testing. (Read the full article)

Adults born at very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1.5 kg) have higher blood pressure and higher fasting insulin levels than their peers born at term. However, they show no signs of endothelial dysfunction in childhood and in adolescence.

Adults born at a VLBW showed no endothelial dysfunction compared with term adults. They had, however, a thicker intima-media layer in relation to lumen size. More rapid growth during their first weeks of life was associated with better endothelial function. (Read the full article)

Prior to the Affordable Care Act of 2010, 34 states enacted laws extending eligibility for parents’ health insurance to adult children. Few studies have examined their impact; a single study found no change in insurance 1 year after enactment.

States that expanded parents’ insurance eligibility to young adults were associated with higher rates of insurance coverage, identification of a personal clinician, physical exams, and lower forgone care due to cost. The Affordable Care Act may similarly improve access to care. (Read the full article)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases have roots in childhood. Modification of dietary fat intake influences serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Reduction of saturated fat intake is recommended to promote cardiovascular health.

Dietary counseling had a beneficial effect on saturated fat intake from ages 7 months to 19 years. The counseling reduced serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in both genders. It also decreased computationally estimated concentrations of intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein–triglycerides and apolipoprotein B in boys. (Read the full article)

We lack prospective studies documenting "dosage effects" of chronic child maltreatment for both subsequent adolescent and adult outcomes. It is unknown whether effects are linear, shelving, or exponential, and we lack data across domains of outcomes.

Chronic child maltreatment reports are a robust indicator of future negative health and behavioral outcomes. There is a dose-response relationship between chronicity and outcomes in adolescence, but this is attenuated in adulthood once adverse child outcomes are controlled. (Read the full article)

Some studies demonstrate that adolescents have different perinatal risks and outcomes than nonadolescents. Few studies have explored the maternity experiences or practices of adolescents that may underlie these differences, or compared these with nonadolescents by using a nationally representative sample.

Adolescents and young adults were more likely to experience physical abuse, late prenatal care initiation, poor prenatal health behaviors, lower breastfeeding initiation and duration rates, postpartum depression, and lower folic acid supplementation than adult women. (Read the full article)

Infant malnutrition is known to be associated with behavioral and cognitive impairment throughout childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood. However, controlled studies addressing adult outcomes in middle life, including earning potential, educational attainment, and standard of living, are limited.

A discrete episode of moderate to severe malnutrition in infancy, with good rehabilitation thereafter, is associated with lower adult social status and a widening income gap relative to healthy controls, partially attributable to cognitive impairment in the previously malnourished. (Read the full article)

Childhood abuse has been associated with obesity risk in adulthood. Little is known regarding the impact of abuse severity on risk, potential mechanisms are poorly understood, and few studies have been conducted among minority populations.

Severity of child/teenager physical and sexual abuse is associated with increased risk for adult obesity and/or central adiposity in adulthood. These are the first such findings in a large cohort of US black women. (Read the full article)

Many drugs are not approved for use in pediatric patients and there is limited evidence on their safety and efficacy in children. Furthermore, there is concern that the quality of pediatric trials is inferior compared with adult trials.

For conditions with a high disease burden in children, only a small proportion of clinical drug trials study pediatric patients. Most pediatric trials are not funded by industry, and the deficiency of evidence is largest in developing countries. (Read the full article)

There are no studies to support the clinical awareness of persistent Tanner stage (TS) 4 breast development in adulthood, and forensic experts continue to use TS 4 as evidence of age <18 years in cases of alleged child pornography.

One-fourth of nonclinical images of women over 18 years of age could be considered by a single forensic expert to represent TS 4. This observation, and substantial discordance in interpretation by pediatric endocrinologists, renders testimony based on this distinction invalid. (Read the full article)

Electronic cigarettes are battery-powered devices that simulate tobacco cigarettes by vaporizing nicotine and other chemicals into an inhalable mist. They have gained popularity around the world, but little is known about their safety and addictive properties.

Among Polish youth, electronic cigarettes are the fourth most common source of nicotine after cigarettes, waterpipes, and snuff. For those aged between 15 and 24 years, ever use of an electronic cigarette was 20.9%, and 30-day use was 6.9%. (Read the full article)

Discussing end-of-life (EoL) care with adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is difficult. Often, such conversations are delayed or avoided, but AYAs contemplate EoL issues and want to make decisions about their care. Few established resources exist to help this process.

Results support the use of a developmentally appropriate document that allows AYAs an opportunity to share their choices about EoL care and how they would like to be remembered in the future. (Read the full article)

Among middle-aged adults, genotype scores predict incident type 2 diabetes but do not improve prediction models based on clinical risk factors including family history and BMI. These clinical factors are more dynamic in adolescence, however.

A genotype score also predicts type 2 diabetes from adolescence over a mean 27 years of follow-up into adulthood but does not improve prediction models based on clinical risk factors assessed in adolescence. (Read the full article)

Very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) subjects show lower scores in performance-based tests of executive functioning (EF) than control subjects up to young adulthood.

VLBW adults’ perceptions of their EF in everyday life are very similar to those of term-born adults. Parental evaluation of VLBW/small-for-gestational-age adults’ EF is more negative than adults’ self-reports. (Read the full article)

There are a few longitudinal studies that suggest that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with later psychiatric disorders, substance use disorders, and impaired work performance.

Adolescent ADHD is associated with a variety of internal and external stresses in adulthood. Consequently, it is essential to focus intervention efforts on adolescents with ADHD to prevent or alleviate adult difficulties in functioning. (Read the full article)

Many studies have identified an association between television viewing and antisocial behavior, although very few have been able to demonstrate a cause-and-effect sequence. The issue of whether excessive television viewing contributes to antisocial behavior remains controversial.

Excessive television viewing during childhood and adolescence was associated with objective and subjective measures of antisocial behavior in adulthood. These associations were not explained by preexisting antisocial tendencies or other potential confounders. Excessive television appears to have long-term psychosocial consequences. (Read the full article)

The presence of elevated cardiometabolic risk factors, such as obesity, high glucose or lipid levels, and smoking, in adolescents has been shown to be associated with earlier onset of chronic conditions, such as diabetes and heart disease.

Obesity, smoking, and elevated glucose increases the risk of dying before the age of 55 years. This is the first study to focus on risk factors and mortality among adolescents and young adults in a nationally representative US sample. (Read the full article)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been viewed as a neurodevelopmental disorder, adversely affecting behavior and school performance, with studies suggesting increased risk for poor adult outcomes. However, no prospective studies have examined long-term outcomes of childhood ADHD in an epidemiologic sample.

Our epidemiologic study indicates that adults with childhood ADHD are at increased risk for death from suicide. ADHD persists into adulthood in 29.3% of childhood ADHD cases, and 56.9% have ≥1 psychiatric disorder other than ADHD. (Read the full article)

The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) estimates atherogenic small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and predicts arterial stiffness and hard cardiovascular events in adults. Whether TG/HDL-C predicts intermediate noninvasive end points (arterial stiffness) in youth is not known.

This study is the first to document stiffer vessels in youth with higher cardiovascular risk factor–adjusted TG/HDL-C, with the effect especially strong in obese subjects. Evaluating TG/HDL-C may be helpful in identifying young subjects at risk for obesity-related atherosclerosis. (Read the full article)

Although a growing body of literature suggests links between parental incarceration and negative child outcomes, research that uses representative US samples and focuses on health outcomes is limited.

Using a nationally representative US sample, we examined the association between parental incarceration and young adult mental and physical health outcomes. Results suggest childhood exposure to parental incarceration is associated with increased risk of long-term health problems. (Read the full article)

Most children with type 1 diabetes get care from pediatric-trained providers, and must transfer care to adult providers once in adulthood. The timing of this change in providers and its relationship to glycemic control is not well understood.

In this cohort, the estimated median age to transition to adult care was 20.1 years and 77% had left pediatric care by age 21. Leaving pediatric care was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in odds of having poor glycemic control. (Read the full article)

Studies suggest that young adults have worse access to health care, use less primary care, and visit emergency departments more frequently than adolescents. Whether these differences are present between adolescents and young adults with asthma is unknown.

Young adults with asthma were less likely to have a usual source of care and use primary care. In contrast, they were more likely to use the emergency department. Adjusting for insurance coverage reduced these differences partially but not completely. (Read the full article)

Medication ingestions are increasing among children despite a number of public health interventions. The majority of these poisonings are related to prescription as opposed to over-the-counter medications.

Rising rates of poisonings in children are strongly correlated with rising use of hypoglycemics, antihyperlipidemics, β-blockers, and opioids among adults. These events are associated with considerable health care utilization, both in terms of emergency department visits and hospital admissions. (Read the full article)

Elevated blood pressure (BP) has long-term influence on the atherosclerotic process. The relative predictive ability of the standard BP definition endorsed by the National High Blood Pressure Education Program and the recently proposed 2 simplified definitions has not been studied.

Simplified pediatric BP tables predict risk of high adult arterial stiffness as well as the complex table does. These simple screening tools could be used for identifying pediatric subjects at risk and for intervening to improve adult cardiovascular outcomes. (Read the full article)

Physical punishment is associated with a range of Axis I and II mental disorders in adulthood. More research is needed on the possible long-term relationship between physical punishment and physical health.

To our knowledge, this is the first nationally representative examination of harsh physical punishment and physical health. Harsh physical punishment in the absence of child maltreatment is associated with higher odds of cardiovascular disease (borderline significance), arthritis, and obesity. (Read the full article)

Transition from pediatric to adult care is often reported to be unsuccessful. Little evidential research has examined the actual proportion of youth in pediatric versus adult care or impact on health status outcomes after transferring from pediatric to adult care.

Our article extends the literature by providing health transition outcome data, something that has been recognized as a critical gap to developing evidence-based programming and health care transition policy. (Read the full article)

Several studies have suggested that very low birth weight young adults have increased risks of physical and health problems, educational underachievement, and poorer social functioning than their peers, but there are limited population-based and longitudinal data.

Former VLBW young adults in this national cohort scored as well as term controls on many measures of health and social functioning, including quality-of-life scores, with some differences largely confined to those with disability at age 7 to 8 years. (Read the full article)

Adverse effects of excess weight are likely related to both obesity severity and duration. Little is known about the contribution of adolescent weight status to development of specific comorbid conditions in adults.

Severe obesity at age 18 was independently associated with increased risk of lower extremity venous edema, walking limitation, kidney dysfunction, polycystic ovary syndrome, respiratory conditions, diabetes, and hypertension in adulthood. (Read the full article)

It is known that adult language input is important to healthy language development and that preterm infants are at risk for language delay.

This is the first study to provide evidence that preterm infants’ exposure to adult words in the NICU before the mother’s due date are associated with better cognitive and language outcomes at 7 and 18 months’ corrected age. (Read the full article)

Drug use in pediatrics is often based on adult efficacy data. Clinically significant discrepancies between adults and children may exist. To our knowledge, there is no large-scale evaluation of evidence comparing rates of adverse events between adults and children.

Available evidence on the comparative safety of pharmacologic interventions in adults versus children is inconclusive. In a third of meta-analyses, twofold or greater differences were identified between adults and children, and some clinically important discrepancies were also found. (Read the full article)

Juvenile-onset fibromyalgia (JFM) is a poorly understood chronic pain condition, typically identified in adolescence and accompanied by physical and social impairment and mood difficulties. There are no long-term studies on the prognosis of adolescents with JFM into adulthood.

This prospective study demonstrated that pain and other symptoms persisted into adulthood for >80% of JFM patients, with associated impairments in physical functioning and mood. At follow-up, one-half of the sample met full criteria for adult fibromyalgia. (Read the full article)