This paper analyses the effects of the Greek crisis on inequality and poverty in 2009-2014 using the micro-simulation model EUROMOD.

This paper seeks to provide up to date financial conditions indices for six countries, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, as well as the euro area, updating earlier results by the OECD.

The government has put a heavy emphasis on improving the business climate, thereby promoting a competitive, innovative and dynamic private business sector.

As the Chinese economy matures to a slower but more sustainable growth path, policy efforts need to focus more on efficiency, stability and inclusiveness, according to a new OECD report.

The Slovak Republic continues to exhibit robust economic performance. International competitiveness is strong, fiscal and financial policies are prudent, poverty and income inequality are low, and the country’s environmental footprint has improved markedly. Employment is rising, prices have been stable, and the external account is near balance.

Latvia’s economy is growing strongly. Driven by the recovery of exports and investment as well as strong private consumption, real GDP growth is expected to strengthen from 2% in 2016 to around 4% this year and next.

Growth is projected to reach 1.5% in 2018 after many years below one percent or negative in per capita terms. Low growth and high unemployment have adversely affected the well-being of South Africans. Since 2010, inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient at 0.62, has almost stagnated withering the social contract in a context of policy mistrust.

After a long period of lacklustre economic performance, robust growth has resumed.

The discussion about a fiscal stabilisation capacity as a way of providing more fiscal integration in the euro area has strengthened in the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis.

To assess the cyclical position of an economy, macroeconomists use a concept called potential output, which measures the economy’s production rate that is consistent with stable inflation at the target.

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This paper analyses the monetary and fiscal policy implications of output gap estimates in times of crisis. The widening of output gaps observed in major OECD economies in the wake of the recent crisis has been mainly due to total factor productivity gaps, except in the United States where it essentially resulted from a large increase in the unemployment gap.

Using panel data for OECD countries, this study investigates the extent to which changes in government spending on education, health and other areas influence long-term growth.

Better policies for better lives: this time, in your region - Insights Blog

This paper estimates the elasticities of government revenue and expenditure items with respect to the output gap for European Union (EU) countries. These elasticities are used by the European Commission, as part of the EU fiscal surveillance process, to calculate the semi-elasticity of the budget balance as a percentage of GDP with respect to the output gap.

The recent riots in Baltimore following the death of Freddy Gray bring a tragic focus, once again, on inequality. Maryland’s largest city, Baltimore is a perfect laboratory to study it, thanks in part to the superb comparative statistics the city keeps. OECD Insights Blog.

OECD Insights Blog on the benefits to governments that pursue open government data initiatives.

On the eve of the launch of the OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook, Bill Below looks at the world of intertemporal policy trade-offs and why it can be difficult for politicians to focus on longer-term regulatory projects.

This paper re-estimates the elasticities of government revenue and expenditure items with respect to the output gap for OECD countries. These elasticities are used by the OECD to calculate cyclically adjusted fiscal balances. The study updates the earlier 2005 study using the most recent datasets and tax codes, the coverage being confined in this paper to 35 countries, the 34 OECD member states and Latvia.

The Regional School of Public Administration (ReSPA) has devoted its 9th Annual Conference to opening direct channels of discussion on experiences, methodologies and innovative practices in the process of optimization of public administration in the Western Balkans.

The role of fiscal policy has been at the heart of the policy debate since the financial crisis. With the global economy stuck in a low-growth trap and monetary policy overburdened, it is time to re-assess the use of fiscal policy levers.

OECD blog on the current dwindling levels of trust and what governments can do to help rebuild public trust.

Mni Consumer Sentiment in India increased to 112.70 in August from 111.60 in July of 2016. Mni Consumer Sentiment in India averaged 119.91 from 2012 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 133.70 in November of 2012 and a record low of 108.50 in December of 2015. Mni Consumer Sentiment in India is reported by the MNI Deutsche Börse Group. The MNI India Consumer Sentiment Indicator tracks the degree of confidence and optimism consumers express on the economy, providing clues about retail strength and consumer spending. Survey participants are asked about their views on the current state of the economy, how they expect it to evolve over the next three months, and how it affects their spending decisions. At least 1,000 telephone interviews are conducted each month from first, second and third tier cities in India. The score above 100 indicates that the number of optimists outweighed the number of pessimists. This page provides - India Mni Consumer Sentiment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Westpac MNI China Consumer Sentiment Index went up to 116.6 in December of 2016 from 114.9 in November, driven by an increase in the indices of current personal finances (+2.8 percent to 113.0, the highest since May 2014) and propensity to save. At the same time, consumers showed concerns about the 2017 outlook for jobs. Mni Consumer Sentiment in China averaged 119.61 from 2007 until 2016, reaching an all time high of 131.86 in February of 2010 and a record low of 109.74 in October of 2015. The Westpac MNI China Consumer Sentiment Indicator tracks the degree of confidence and optimism consumers express on the economy, providing clues about retail strength and consumer spending. Survey participants are asked about their views on the current state of the economy, how they expect it to evolve over the next three months, and how it affects their spending decisions. At least 1,000 telephone interviews are conducted each month from 30 first, second and third tier cities in Eastern, Central and Western China. The score above 100 indicates that the number of optimists outweighed the number of pessimists. This page provides - China Mni Consumer Sentiment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Economic Optimism Index in Faroe Islands increased to 32 points in the first quarter of 2020 from 22 points in the second quarter of 2019. Economic Optimism Index in Faroe Islands averaged 19.04 points from 2006 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 47 points in the first quarter of 2007 and a record low of -29 points in the first quarter of 2009. In Faroe Islands, the economic sentiment indicator is based on indicators from business and consumer surveys. The indicators of each survey are calculated as average of 'balances' between positive and negative replies of a selection of questions, e.g. The consumer index ''is an arithmetic mean of 4 of the 15 questions in the survey. The composite indicator and each of the indicators are in the range from plus 100 to minus 100. Any single value only makes sense when compared to previous answers to the same question. This page provides - Faroe Islands Economic Sentiment Indicator- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Economic Optimism Index in South Korea decreased to 56 Net Balance in April from 64 Net Balance in March of 2020. Economic Optimism Index in South Korea averaged 99.12 Net Balance from 2003 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 117 Net Balance in March of 2006 and a record low of 55 Net Balance in December of 2008. In South Korea, The Economic Sentiment Index (ESI) is a composite of the BSI (Business Survey Index) and the CSI (Consumer Survey Index). The index is compiled to comprehensively grasp the private sector perception of economic conditions, including the sentiments of both businesses and consumers. An ESI reading above 100 is interpreted as meaning that economic sentiment in the private sector, including that of both businesses and consumers, is on a level better than past averages (and vice versa when the reading is below 100), since the ESI is constructed so that it is distributed around a long-term mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 10. This page provides - South Korea Economic Optimism Index- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Economic Optimism Index in the United States increased to 49.70 in May from 47.80 in April of 2020. Economic Optimism Index in the United States averaged 49.94 from 2001 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 62.90 in March of 2002 and a record low of 35.80 in August of 2011. IBD/TIPP Economic Optimism Index measures Americans' opinions and outlooks on the economy. The index is based on a nationwide survey of 900 adults and evaluates six-month economic outlook, personal financial outlook, confidence in federal economic policies. Reading above 50 indicates optimism, and below 50 indicates pessimism. This page provides the latest reported value for - United States IBD/TIPP Economic Optimism Index - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Services Sentiment in Singapore decreased to -58 in the first quarter of 2020 from -2 in the fourth quarter of 2019. Services Sentiment in Singapore averaged 6.93 from 1991 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 37 in the third quarter of 1994 and a record low of -58 in the first quarter of 2020. This page provides - Singapore Services Sentiment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Services Sentiment In the Euro Area decreased to -35 in April from -2.30 in March of 2020. Services Sentiment in the Euro Area averaged 10.07 from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 35.40 in June of 1998 and a record low of -35 in April of 2020. In the Euro Area, Services Sentiment measures the confidence level among service providers and accounts for 30 percent of the Economic Sentiment Indicator. This page provides - Euro Area Services Sentiment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Industrial Sentiment In the Euro Area decreased to -30.40 in April from -11.20 in March of 2020. Industrial Sentiment in the Euro Area averaged -5.14 from 1985 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 10.30 in January of 2018 and a record low of -37.60 in March of 2009. In the Euro Area, Industrial Sentiment measures the confidence level among manufacturers and accounts for 40 percent of the Economic Sentiment Indicator. This page provides - Euro Area Industrial Sentiment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Economic Optimism Index In the Euro Area decreased to 67 in April from 94.20 in March of 2020. Economic Optimism Index in the Euro Area averaged 99.76 from 1985 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 118.60 in May of 2000 and a record low of 65.50 in March of 2009. In the Euro Area, the Economic sentiment indicator is a composite measure (average=100) that calculates the confidence level among: manufacturers (40 percent of the index); service providers (30 percent); consumers (20 percent); retailers (5 percent) and constructors (5 percent). This page provides - Euro Area Economic Sentiment Indicator- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Economic Optimism Index in Latvia decreased to 77.70 in April from 96.10 in March of 2020. Economic Optimism Index in Latvia averaged 94.09 from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 116.60 in February of 2007 and a record low of 30.10 in April of 1993. In Latvia, economic sentiment indicator refers to the general social economic situation among manufacturers, service providers, traders, constructors and consumers in a defined period. This page provides - Latvia Economic Sentiment Indicator- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Exports of Europe (estimated) in France decreased to 25288 EUR Million in March from 27920 EUR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Europe (estimated) in France averaged 21888.10 EUR Million from 1996 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 30226 EUR Million in March of 2019 and a record low of 9612 EUR Million in August of 1996. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Exports of Europe (estimated).

Exports to China & Hong Kong (estimated) in France increased to 1695 EUR Million in March from 1298 EUR Million in February of 2020. Exports to China & Hong Kong (estimated) in France averaged 1990.74 EUR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3246 EUR Million in November of 2018 and a record low of 1234 EUR Million in August of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Exports to China & Hong Kong (estimated).

Exports to Croatia (estimated) in France decreased to 53 EUR Million in March from 58 EUR Million in February of 2020. Exports to Croatia (estimated) in France averaged 38.21 EUR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 64 EUR Million in May of 2019 and a record low of 21 EUR Million in August of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for France Exports to Croatia (estimated).

Part Time Employment in Ireland increased to 490.10 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 469.90 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Ireland averaged 399.92 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 490.10 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 268.40 Thousand in the first quarter of 1998. This page provides - Ireland Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Sweden increased to 1150.70 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 1086.90 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Sweden averaged 1057.13 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1177.30 Thousand in the second quarter of 2008 and a record low of 824.30 Thousand in the third quarter of 2001. This page provides - Sweden Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Italy increased to 37249.12 Hundreds Person in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 36964.59 Hundreds Person in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Italy averaged 29021.79 Hundreds Person from 2004 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 37249.12 Hundreds Person in the fourth quarter of 2019 and a record low of 19609.13 Hundreds Person in the third quarter of 2004. This page provides - Italy Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Greece increased to 368.70 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 359.90 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Greece averaged 270.67 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 385.20 Thousand in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 158.68 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2001. This page provides - Greece Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Turkey increased to 2779.80 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 2407.60 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Turkey averaged 2447.64 Thousand from 2006 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 3084.10 Thousand in the first quarter of 2018 and a record low of 1309.60 Thousand in the third quarter of 2006. This page provides - Turkey Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Iceland increased to 43.20 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 38.70 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Iceland averaged 36.50 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 47.50 Thousand in the first quarter of 2016 and a record low of 28 Thousand in the third quarter of 2005. This page provides - Iceland Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Latvia decreased to 75.10 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 76.60 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Latvia averaged 73.87 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 116 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 1998 and a record low of 48.80 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2006. This page provides - Latvia Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Lithuania decreased to 79.50 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 81.10 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Lithuania averaged 109.95 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 169.90 Thousand in the first quarter of 2006 and a record low of 79.50 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019. This page provides - Lithuania Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Luxembourg decreased to 47.80 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 49.60 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Luxembourg averaged 39.13 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 54.60 Thousand in the first quarter of 2017 and a record low of 16 Thousand in the second quarter of 1998. This page provides - Luxembourg Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Macedonia increased to 35.50 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 32.10 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Macedonia averaged 33.76 Thousand from 2006 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 50.20 Thousand in the first quarter of 2011 and a record low of 21.70 Thousand in the first quarter of 2016. This page provides - Macedonia Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Romania decreased to 498.10 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 504.20 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Romania averaged 824.29 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 1458.10 Thousand in the third quarter of 2000 and a record low of 495.80 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2018. This page provides - Romania Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Slovenia increased to 79.60 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 78.50 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Slovenia averaged 75.63 Thousand from 1998 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 100.30 Thousand in the second quarter of 2018 and a record low of 40.20 Thousand in the third quarter of 2003. This page provides - Slovenia Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Bulgaria decreased to 52.50 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 60 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Bulgaria averaged 61.84 Thousand from 2001 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 91.10 Thousand in the first quarter of 2001 and a record low of 41.10 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2007. This page provides - Bulgaria Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Croatia decreased to 70.40 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 81.70 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Croatia averaged 96.29 Thousand from 2002 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 127.20 Thousand in the third quarter of 2008 and a record low of 69.40 Thousand in the first quarter of 2017. This page provides - Croatia Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Part Time Employment in Cyprus increased to 41.70 Thousand in the fourth quarter of 2019 from 38.50 Thousand in the third quarter of 2019. Part Time Employment in Cyprus averaged 34.35 Thousand from 1999 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 50 Thousand in the first quarter of 2014 and a record low of 15.80 Thousand in the second quarter of 1999. This page provides - Cyprus Part Time Employment- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.