Urgent research is needed to assess the possible risks to human health and ecosystems from the ever-increasing amounts of engineered nanomaterials going into household waste and ending up in the environment, according to a new OECD report.

This paper looks at recent trends in pharmaceutical spending across OECD countries. It examines the drivers of recent spending trends, highlighting differences across therapeutic classes, and then looks at emerging challenges for policy makers in the management of pharmaceutical spending.

Outdoor air pollution could cause 6 to 9 million premature deaths a year by 2060 and cost 1% of global GDP – around USD 2.6 trillion annually – as a result of sick days, medical bills and reduced agricultural output, unless action is taken, according to a new OECD report.

The High-Level Commission on Health Employment and Economic Growth, chaired by H.E. François Hollande and H.E. Jacob Zuma, today delivered its final report and recommendations to United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York.

Latvia has successfully consolidated its hospital sector and strengthened primary care since the financial crisis. But persistent barriers to accessing high quality care need to be removed, according to a new OECD report.

Several countries have been setting up strategic roadmaps to support marine biotechnologies that could drive innovation and help address the global sustainability goals of food, energy, and health. This report identifies and begins to address challenges facing cooperation on marine biotechnology across countries.

Australia’s labour market reforms over the past 15 years have boosted employment and cut welfare benefit dependency.

The global economic crisis has had a profound impact on people’s well-being, reaching far beyond the loss of jobs and income, and affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their lives and their trust in governments, according to a new OECD report.

These country notes contain indicators which compare the political and institutional frameworks of national governments as well as revenues and expenditures, employment, and compensation. They include a description of government policies on integrity, e-government and open government.

Biographical note of Australia's Permanent Representative to the OECD.

In a boost for international efforts to strengthen co-operation against offshore tax evasion, seven new countries have joined the agreement to exchange information automatically under the OECD/G20 standard.

The OECD welcomes Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull’s announcement at COP21 that Australia intends to ratify the Kyoto Protocol’s second commitment period, which sets mitigation targets and reporting requirements for 2013-2020.

The OECD’s latest Economic Survey of Australia, to be published at 00.01 am on Friday, 3 March 2017 AEDT (13.01, GMT; 14:01 Paris time Thursday), looks at Australia’s current macroeconomic situation, as well as the steps that can be taken to ensure stronger and more inclusive growth in the future. The Survey’s two in-depth chapters focus on innovation.

The city of Newcastle is fast emerging as a smart, liveable and sustainable city.

Australia has stepped up its enforcement of foreign bribery since 2012, when the OECD Working Group on Bribery last evaluated Australia’s implementation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention, with seven convictions in two cases and 19 ongoing investigations.

Australia’s active global engagement on development and its focus on fragile small island states and disaster risk reduction are commendable. However successive cuts to the country’s aid budget since 2013 are impairing its efforts, according to the latest DAC Peer Review of Australia.

These graphs offer a brief summary of the commodity trade situation in the country.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Somalia remained unchanged at 110.57 points in March of 2020 from 110.57 points in February of 2020. Cpi Transportation in Somalia averaged 107.14 points from 2018 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 110.57 points in October of 2019 and a record low of 102.11 points in January of 2018. In Somalia, Transport accounts for 4 percent of total Consumer Price Index (CPI). This page provides - Somalia CPI Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The transportation sub-index of the CPI basket in Germany increased to 107.20 points in January of 2020 from 106.90 points in December of 2019. CPI Transportation in Germany averaged 87.61 points from 1991 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 109.50 points in September of 2012 and a record low of 57.30 points in February of 1991. In Germany, Transport accounts for 13 percent of the consumer price index. This page provides - Germany Cpi Transportation- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

The Phase 3 Report on Japan by the OECD Working Group on Bribery evaluates and makes recommendations on Japan'simplementation and application of the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions and related instruments.

The global economic crisis has had a profound impact on people’s well-being, reaching far beyond the loss of jobs and income, and affecting citizens’ satisfaction with their lives and their trust in governments, according to a new OECD report.

Two rounds of the Survey of Adult Skills are under way: Round 1 (2008-13) with 24 participating countries, whose results were released in October 2013, and Round 2 (2012-16) with 9 participating countries, whose results will be released in 2016. A third round is scheduled to begin in May 2014.

The OECD has now grown into an institution of truly global relevance. And Japan, which was the first Asian country to join the organisation, is now a world economic giant. It is a great honour to introduce the Chairman of the 2014 Ministerial Council Meeting, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is increasingly recognised worldwide as an efficient waste management policy to help improve recycling and reduce landfilling of products and materials. This Forum took place on 17-19 June 2014, in Tokyo, Japan, to identify key challenges and opportunities for further developing EPR policies.

An ecosystem assessment is a social process through which the findings of science concerning the causes of ecosystem change, their consequences for human well-bring, and the management and policy options are evaluated. The main objective of the paper is to draw insights from experience in the UK, Japan, Spain and Portugal of the added value to policy making of undertaking national level ecosystem assessments.

The Secretary-General presented OECD’s recent analysis and recommendations on the world economy, on more balanced and efficient financial markets for growth, and on progress on the international tax system. He also spoke at the G7 High-Level Symposium “Future of the Global Economy”, organised by the Japanese G7 Presidency.

The Secretary-General attended the G7 Leaders’ Summit and spoke at the outreach sessions “Stability and Prosperity in Asia” and “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals”.

The global economy is stuck in a low-growth trap that will require more coordinated and comprehensive use of fiscal, monetary and structural policies to move to a higher growth path and ensure that promises are kept to both young and old, according to the OECD’s latest Global Economic Outlook.

The OECD Working Group on Bribery in International Transactions has continuously urged Japan since 2002 to strengthen its efforts to fight bribery by Japanese companies in their foreign business activities, and implementation of the Convention on Combating the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions.

Biographical note of Japan's Permanent Representative to the OECD.

Facilitating female employment is particularly important given Japan’s shrinking and ageing population, which has already contributed to labour shortages.

Between 1999 and 2014, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan dropped by 21% as a result of the retirement of ageing business owners and weak entrepreneurial intentions in the Japanese population.

The OECD has appointed Masamichi Kono as a Deputy Secretary-General. He will replace Rintaro Tamaki, who will be stepping down after six fruitful years in the post.

Japan should step up efforts to improve young people’s job prospects and reduce the share of 15-29 year-olds who are not in employment, education or training (the “NEETs”), according to a new OECD report.

These graphs offer a brief summary of the commodity trade situation in the country.

Fossil-fuel subsidies are environmentally harmful, costly, and distortive. After a 3 years downward trend between 2013 and 2016, government support for fossil fuel production and use has risen again, in a threat to efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, and the transition to cleaner and cheaper energy.

Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Goods in South Africa decreased to 967.45 ZAR Million in March from 1420.49 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Goods in South Africa averaged 1636.51 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2495.75 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 967.45 ZAR Million in March of 2020. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Goods.

Imports - Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (Cmlv) in South Africa increased to 3985.70 ZAR Million in March from 3017.60 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports - Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (Cml in South Africa averaged 9980.07 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 21209.71 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1338.01 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Articl using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles (c.

Imports: Machinery Mechanical & Electrical Appliances in South Africa decreased to 18160.81 ZAR Million in March from 18707.38 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports: Machinery Mechanical & Electrical Applian in South Africa averaged 21974.09 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 28234.18 ZAR Million in October of 2015 and a record low of 17037.78 ZAR Million in February of 2017. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Machinery Mechanical & Electrical Appl.

Imports - Machinery & Mechanical Appliances (Cmlv) in South Africa increased to 58464.29 ZAR Million in March from 40305.11 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports - Machinery & Mechanical Appliances (Cmlv) in South Africa averaged 139524.15 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 281087.47 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 20988.93 ZAR Million in January of 2017. South Africa accounts for Imports of Machinery & Mechanical Appliances using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Machinery & Mechanical Appliances (cml.

Imports of Live Animals & Animal Products in South Africa increased to 1223.24 ZAR Million in March from 1216.78 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Live Animals & Animal Products in South Africa averaged 1164.15 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1527.79 ZAR Million in August of 2018 and a record low of 733.71 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Live Animals & Animal Products.

Imports of Animals CMLV in South Africa increased to 3630.63 ZAR Million in March from 2407.53 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Animals CMLV in South Africa averaged 7297.93 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 16217.23 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 838.45 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Animals using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Animals CMLV.

Imports of Animal & Vegitable Fats & Oils in South Africa increased to 1037.68 ZAR Million in March from 767.27 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Animal & Vegitable Fats & Oils in South Africa averaged 762.05 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1221.56 ZAR Million in November of 2017 and a record low of 336.58 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Animal & Vegitable Fats & Oils.

Imports of Animal Or Vegetable Fats & Oils CMLV in South Africa increased to 2878.80 ZAR Million in March from 1841.12 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Animal Or Vegetable Fats & Oils CMLV in South Africa averaged 4645.95 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 10113 ZAR Million in December of 2017 and a record low of 336.58 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Animal Or Vegetable Fats & Oils using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Animal Or Vegetable Fats & Oils CMLV.

IP Addresses in Myanmar increased to 4755 IP in the first quarter of 2017 from 4326 IP in the fourth quarter of 2016. IP Addresses in Myanmar averaged 1739.41 IP from 2007 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 5293 IP in the second quarter of 2015 and a record low of 77 IP in the third quarter of 2007. This page includes a chart with historical data for MyanmarIP Addresses.

Temperature in Myanmar decreased to 19.32 celsius in December from 22.17 celsius in November of 2015. Temperature in Myanmar averaged 22.93 celsius from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 27.37 celsius in May of 2010 and a record low of 16.40 celsius in January of 1974. This page includes a chart with historical data for Myanmar Average Temperature.

Precipitation in Myanmar decreased to 18.73 mm in December from 45.24 mm in November of 2015. Precipitation in Myanmar averaged 160.36 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 749.12 mm in August of 1939 and a record low of 0.40 mm in January of 1940. This page includes a chart with historical data for Myanmar Average Precipitation.

Myanmar recorded a Current Account deficit of 2 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Current Account to GDP in Myanmar averaged -2.10 percent from 1998 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6.80 percent in 2006 and a record low of -14.80 percent in 1998. The Current account balance as a percent of GDP provides an indication on the level of international competitiveness of a country. Usually, countries recording a strong current account surplus have an economy heavily dependent on exports revenues, with high savings ratings but weak domestic demand. On the other hand, countries recording a current account deficit have strong imports, a low saving rates and high personal consumption rates as a percentage of disposable incomes. This page provides - Myanmar Current Account to GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Myanmar recorded a government debt equivalent to 49.41 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2018. Government Debt to GDP in Myanmar averaged 87.05 percent from 1998 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 216.04 percent in 2001 and a record low of 37.14 percent in 2013. Generally, Government debt as a percent of GDP is used by investors to measure a country ability to make future payments on its debt, thus affecting the country borrowing costs and government bond yields. This page provides - Myanmar Government Debt To GDP - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Military Expenditure in Myanmar decreased to 3155 USD Million in 2018 from 3464 USD Million in 2017. Military Expenditure in Myanmar averaged 779.40 USD Million from 1951 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3818 USD Million in 2015 and a record low of 159 USD Million in 1951.