Title: Tourist With Measles Visited Southern California Attractions
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Treating a Torn Nail
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Is Your Forgetfulness Reason for Concern?
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Warns of Liver Problems for Some Taking Hep C Drugs
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/29/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Health Tip: Mental Illness Warning Signs
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/29/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Brutus & Barnaby Pig Ear Treats For Dogs Recalled
Category: Health News
Created: 8/29/2019 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/30/2019 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pop Concert Held to Learn More About Coronavirus Spread
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Your Sleep Patterns and Alzheimer's Risk
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Texas Mother Transmitted COVID-19 to Unborn Baby: Study
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Changes to CDC's COVID-19 Testing Guidelines Trigger Concern
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Pandemic Learning Can Strain Children's Eyes
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Warns About Hand Sanitizers in Food-Like Packaging
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/28/2020 12:00:00 AM

Title: Teachers' Unions, Doctors Agree: Vaccines, Masks Crucial for Return-to-School
Category: Health News
Created: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: AHA News: Star Wrestler-Turned-Coach Discovers Serious Heart Problem at 24
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Parents, Look Out for Mental Health Issues as College Kids Return to Class
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Warns Against 'Off-Label' Use of Pfizer Vaccine in Younger Children
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Moderna Readies for Full Vaccine Approval, as Pfizer Submits Data on Booster Shot
Category: Health News
Created: 8/26/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: One Benefit of Online Learning: Better Sleep for Kids
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Toppling TVs, Furniture Sending Many Young Children to ERs
Category: Health News
Created: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/27/2021 12:00:00 AM

Title: Why Coffee & Cigarette Is a Morning Ritual for Millions
Category: Health News
Created: 8/22/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/22/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Wife of California Congressman Died After Using Herbal Remedy for Diabetes, Weight Loss
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Alternative Medicine Popular Among Seniors, But Most Don't Tell Their Doctors About It
Category: Health News
Created: 7/27/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/27/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: How Do I Get Rid of a Stye Overnight?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 8/18/2020 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/21/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: How to Get Rid of a Stye Overnight
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 7/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/25/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Corneal Ulcer
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 7/7/2010 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/29/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Bioengineered Pig Skin Is Turned Into Corneas, Restoring Patients' Sight
Category: Health News
Created: 8/11/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/12/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: AHA News: Newborn Was 'Very Sick Little Boy' Despite Several Normal Prenatal Ultrasounds
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: When Should I Be Concerned About My Sick Baby?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 8/24/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/23/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: U.S. Government Extends Baby Formula Waivers, Rebates for WIC Families
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/26/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: California Will Produce Its Own Insulin to Bring Down Prices
Category: Health News
Created: 7/8/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 7/8/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Issues Warning to Maker of Illegal Nicotine Gummies
Category: Health News
Created: 8/19/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/19/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Fecal Transplant Treatments Could Transmit Monkeypox, FDA Warns
Category: Health News
Created: 8/24/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Torn ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear)
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 11/4/2010 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/15/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: FDA Warns Amazon, Other Vendors About Sale of Skin Tag Removal Products
Category: Health News
Created: 8/10/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/10/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: What Are the 5 Warning Signs of Bladder Cancer?
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 4/22/2021 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/8/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: Swimmer's Ear (External Otitis)
Category: Diseases and Conditions
Created: 12/31/1997 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 6/29/2022 12:00:00 AM

Title: There's More MS in Northern Countries. Now, Researchers Find New Reason Why
Category: Health News
Created: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM
Last Editorial Review: 8/25/2022 12:00:00 AM

Background

Immature lung development and respiratory morbidity place preterm-born children at high risk of long-term pulmonary sequelae. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to quantify lung function in preterm-born children and identify risk factors for a compromised lung function.

Mapping transcriptomic variations using either short- or long-read RNA sequencing is a staple of genomic research. Long reads are able to capture entire isoforms and overcome repetitive regions, whereas short reads still provide improved coverage and error rates. Yet, open questions remain, such as how to quantitatively compare the technologies, can we combine them, and what is the benefit of such a combined view? We tackle these questions by first creating a pipeline to assess matched long- and short-read data using a variety of transcriptome statistics. We find that across data sets, algorithms, and technologies, matched short-read data detects ~30% more splice junctions, such that ~10%–30% of the splice junctions included at ≥20% by short reads are missed by long reads. In contrast, long reads detect many more intron-retention events and can detect full isoforms, pointing to the benefit of combining the technologies. We introduce MAJIQ-L, an extension of the MAJIQ software, to enable a unified view of transcriptome variations from both technologies and demonstrate its benefits. Our software can be used to assess any future long-read technology or algorithm and can be combined with short-read data for improved transcriptome analysis.

Most studies of genome organization have focused on intrachromosomal (cis) contacts because they harbor key features such as DNA loops and topologically associating domains. Interchromosomal (trans) contacts have received much less attention, and tools for interrogating potential biologically relevant trans structures are lacking. Here, we develop a computational framework that uses Hi-C data to identify sets of loci that jointly interact in trans. This method, trans-C, initiates probabilistic random walks with restarts from a set of seed loci to traverse an input Hi-C contact network, thereby identifying sets of trans-contacting loci. We validate trans-C in three increasingly complex models of established trans contacts: the Plasmodium falciparum var genes, the mouse olfactory receptor "Greek islands," and the human RBM20 cardiac splicing factory. We then apply trans-C to systematically test the hypothesis that genes coregulated by the same trans-acting element (i.e., a transcription or splicing factor) colocalize in three dimensions to form "RNA factories" that maximize the efficiency and accuracy of RNA biogenesis. We find that many loci with multiple binding sites of the same DNA-binding proteins interact with one another in trans, especially those bound by factors with intrinsically disordered domains. Similarly, clustered binding of a subset of RNA-binding proteins correlates with trans interaction of the encoding loci. We observe that these trans-interacting loci are close to nuclear speckles. These findings support the existence of trans-interacting chromatin domains (TIDs) driven by RNA biogenesis. Trans-C provides an efficient computational framework for studying these and other types of trans interactions, empowering studies of a poorly understood aspect of genome architecture.

Understanding the evolution of chromatin conformation among species is fundamental to elucidate the architecture and plasticity of genomes. Nonrandom interactions of linearly distant loci regulate gene function in species-specific patterns, affecting genome function, evolution, and, ultimately, speciation. Yet, data from nonmodel organisms are scarce. To capture the macroevolutionary diversity of vertebrate chromatin conformation, here we generate de novo genome assemblies for two cryptodiran (hidden-neck) turtles via Illumina sequencing, chromosome conformation capture, and RNA-seq: Apalone spinifera (ZZ/ZW, 2n = 66) and Staurotypus triporcatus (XX/XY, 2n = 54). We detected differences in the three-dimensional (3D) chromatin structure in turtles compared to other amniotes beyond the fusion/fission events detected in the linear genomes. Namely, whole-genome comparisons revealed distinct trends of chromosome rearrangements in turtles: (1) a low rate of genome reshuffling in Apalone (Trionychidae) whose karyotype is highly conserved when compared to chicken (likely ancestral for turtles), and (2) a moderate rate of fusions/fissions in Staurotypus (Kinosternidae) and Trachemys scripta (Emydidae). Furthermore, we identified a chromosome folding pattern that enables "centromere–telomere interactions" previously undetected in turtles. The combined turtle pattern of "centromere–telomere interactions" (discovered here) plus "centromere clustering" (previously reported in sauropsids) is novel for amniotes and it counters previous hypotheses about amniote 3D chromatin structure. We hypothesize that the divergent pattern found in turtles originated from an amniote ancestral state defined by a nuclear configuration with extensive associations among microchromosomes that were preserved upon the reshuffling of the linear genome.

The pursuit of harnessing data for knowledge creation has been an enduring quest, with the advent of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) marking significant milestones in this journey. ML, a subset of AI, emerged as the practice of employing mathematical models to enable computers to learn and improve autonomously based on their experiences. In the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical sectors, a significant portion of manufacturing data remains untapped or insufficient for practical use. Recognizing the potential advantages of leveraging the available data for process design and optimization, manufacturers face the daunting challenge of data utilization. Diverse proprietary data formats and parallel data generation systems compound the complexity. The transition to Pharma 4.0 necessitates a paradigm shift in data capture, storage, and accessibility for manufacturing and process operations. This paper highlights the pivotal role of AI in converting process data into actionable knowledge to support critical functions throughout the whole product life cycle. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of maintaining compliance with data integrity guidelines, as mandated by regulatory bodies globally. Embracing AI-driven transformations is a crucial step toward shaping the future of the pharmaceutical industry, ensuring its competitiveness and resilience in an evolving landscape.

Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) are powerful tools for quantifying the impacts of sequence variation on gene expression. Reading out molecular phenotypes with sequencing enables interrogating the impact of sequence variation beyond genome scale. Machine learning models integrate and codify information learned from MPRAs and enable generalization by predicting sequences outside the training data set. Models can provide a quantitative understanding of cis-regulatory codes controlling gene expression, enable variant stratification, and guide the design of synthetic regulatory elements for applications from synthetic biology to mRNA and gene therapy. This review focuses on cis-regulatory MPRAs, particularly those that interrogate cotranscriptional and post-transcriptional processes: alternative splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, translation, and mRNA decay.

Solid tumors that arise in the body interact with neurons, which influences cancer progression and treatment response. Here, we discuss key questions in the field, including defining the nature of interactions between tumors and neural circuits and defining how neural signals shape the tumor microenvironment. This information will allow us to optimally target neural signaling to improve outcomes for cancer patients.

Memory formation is contingent on molecular and structural changes in neurons in response to learning stimuli—a process known as neuronal plasticity. The initiation step of mRNA translation is a gatekeeper of long-term memory by controlling the production of plasticity-related proteins in the brain. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) controls mRNA translation, mainly through phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding proteins (4E-BPs) and ribosomal protein S6 kinases (S6Ks). mTORC1 signaling decreases throughout brain development, starting from the early postnatal period. Here, we discovered that in mice, the age-dependent decrease in mTORC1 signaling occurs selectively in excitatory but not inhibitory neurons. Using a gene conditional knockout (cKO) strategy, we demonstrate that either up- or downregulating the mTORC1-4E-BP2 axis in GAD65 inhibitory interneurons, but not excitatory neurons, results in long-term object recognition and object location memory deficits. Our data indicate that the mTORC1 pathway in inhibitory but not excitatory neurons plays a key role in memory formation.

Internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) recruit the ribosome to promote translation, typically in an m7G cap-independent manner. Although IRESs are well-documented in viral genomes, they have also been reported in mammalian transcriptomes, where they have been proposed to mediate cap-independent translation of mRNAs. However, subsequent studies have challenged the idea of these "cellular" IRESs. Current methods for screening and discovering IRES activity rely on a bicistronic reporter assay, which is prone to producing false positive signals if the putative IRES sequence has a cryptic promoter or cryptic splicing sites. Here, we report an assay for screening IRES activity using a genetically encoded circular RNA comprising a split nanoluciferase (nLuc) reporter. The circular split nLuc reporter is less susceptible to the various sources of false positives that adversely affect the bicistronic IRES reporter assay and provides a streamlined method for screening IRES activity. Using the circular split nLuc reporter, we find that nine reported cellular IRESs have minimal IRES activity. Overall, the circular split nLuc reporter offers a simplified approach for identifying and validating IRESs and exhibits reduced propensity for producing the types of false positives that can occur with the bicistronic reporter assay.

End-to-end RNA-sequencing methods that capture 5'-sequence content without cumbersome library manipulations are of great interest, particularly for analysis of long RNAs. While template-switching methods have been developed for RNA sequencing by distributive short-read RTs, such as the MMLV RTs used in SMART-Seq methods, they have not been adapted to leverage the power of ultraprocessive RTs, such as those derived from group II introns. To facilitate this transition, we dissected the individual processes that guide the enzymatic specificity and efficiency of the multistep template-switching reaction carried out by RTs, in this case, by MarathonRT. Remarkably, this is the first study of its kind, for any RT. First, we characterized the nucleotide specificity of nontemplated addition (NTA) reaction that occurs when the RT extends past the RNA 5'-terminus. We then evaluated the binding specificity of specialized template-switching oligonucleotides, optimizing their sequences and chemical properties to guide efficient template-switching reaction. Having dissected and optimized these individual steps, we then unified them into a procedure for performing RNA sequencing with MarathonRT enzymes, using a well-characterized RNA reference set. The resulting reads span a six-log range in transcript concentration and accurately represent the input RNA identities in both length and composition. We also performed RNA-seq from total human RNA and poly(A)-enriched RNA, with short- and long-read sequencing demonstrating that MarathonRT enhances the discovery of unseen RNA molecules by conventional RT. Altogether, we have generated a new pipeline for rapid, accurate sequencing of complex RNA libraries containing mixtures of long RNA transcripts.

The noncoding RNA BC200 is elevated in human cancers and is implicated in translation regulation as well as cell survival and proliferation. Upon BC200 overexpression, we observed correlated expression of a second, smaller RNA species. This RNA is expressed endogenously and exhibits cell-type-dependent variability relative to BC200. Aptamer-tagged expression constructs confirmed that the RNA is a truncated form of BC200, and sequencing revealed a modal length of 120 nt; thus, we refer to the RNA fragment as BC120. We present a methodology for accurate and specific detection of BC120 and establish that BC120 is expressed in several normal human tissues and is also elevated in ovarian cancer. BC120 exhibits remarkable stability relative to BC200 and is resistant to knockdown strategies that target the 3' unique sequence of BC200. Combined knockdown of BC200 and BC120 exhibits greater phenotypic impacts than knockdown of BC200 alone, and overexpression of BC120 negatively impacts translation of a GFP reporter, providing insight into a potential translational regulatory role for this RNA. The presence of a novel, truncated, and stable form of BC200 adds complexity to the investigation of this noncoding RNA that must be considered in future studies of BC200 and other related Alu RNAs.