The paper argues that interest rates are at extremely low levels to support banks, and the search for yield has pushed the liquidity driven speculative bubble from real estate, derivatives and structured products markets into the corporate debt market. Equities have rallied strongly too. This asset cycle is certainly helping banks reduce hidden losses on illiquid securities and could also help reduce the cost of equity.

The reforms to the pensions system in Mexico, especially the introduction of a system of individual defined contribution accounts, have significantly improved the system’s financial sustainability.

Inequality measures in Lithuania (like in Estonia and Latvia) are high. To an important extent this is related to the high risk of poverty for non-working individuals and to the low rewards to work. Therefore, increasing the quality of jobs, ensuring that the most vulnerable have access to employment and providing adequate income support for those that have lost their job are key for making labour markets and the economy more inclusive.

Widespread increases in inequality over the past three decades have raised the question of the distribution of the growth dividends.

Widespread increases in inequality over the past three decades have raised the question of the distribution of the growth dividends.

Today’s excellent outlook offers Israel a unique opportunity to prepare for the challenges of the future which require stronger social cohesion. Israeli society is indeed marked by large inequalities.

Brazil has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty and inequality. This reduction is explained by strong growth but also by effective social policies. Besides growth, public services and cash transfers have played the biggest role, the latter notably through the successful "Bolsa Familia" programme.

When we think about water scarcity, we tend to focus on drinking water. But in terms of global usage, drinking water accounts for only 8% of water use, with 22% used by industry and 70% for farming and irrigation. Effective water governance must mediate across a broad set of actors and needs that cut across all economic sectors.

The 2017 OECD Forum takes place after a series of political upheavals few would have predicted scarcely twelve months ago. Divides have become more apparent between metropolises and capital cities on the one hand, and towns and villages on the other, between Millennials and pensioners, between the haves and the have-nots, between the best and the rest.

Living Wage Individual in Togo remained unchanged at 110200 XOF/Month in 2017 from 110200 XOF/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Togo Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Peru remained unchanged at 995 PEN/Month in 2018 from 995 PEN/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Rwanda remained unchanged at 108100 RWF/Month in 2018 from 108100 RWF/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Uganda remained unchanged at 652200 UGX/Month in 2018 from 652200 UGX/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Uganda Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Tanzania remained unchanged at 332400 TZS/Month in 2018 from 332400 TZS/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Mozambique remained unchanged at 7790 MZN/Month in 2018 from 7790 MZN/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Mozambique Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Costa Rica remained unchanged at 209000 CRC/Month in 2018 from 209000 CRC/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Sri Lanka remained unchanged at 29100 LKR/Month in 2018 from 29100 LKR/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Cambodia remained unchanged at 761200 KHR/Month in 2018 from 761200 KHR/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Angola remained unchanged at 61900 AOA/Month in 2018 from 61900 AOA/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Madagascar remained unchanged at 351100 MGA/Month in 2018 from 351100 MGA/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Slovakia increased to 450 EUR/Month in 2018 from 445 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Slovakia averaged 446.25 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 450 EUR/Month in 2018 and a record low of 445 EUR/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in South Africa increased to 6570 ZAR/Month in 2018 from 6140 ZAR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in South Africa averaged 6252.50 ZAR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 6570 ZAR/Month in 2018 and a record low of 6140 ZAR/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Poland decreased to 1590 PLN/Month in 2018 from 1600 PLN/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Poland averaged 1560 PLN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1600 PLN/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1510 PLN/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Poland Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Mexico increased to 4320 MXN/Month in 2018 from 4130 MXN/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Mexico averaged 4232.50 MXN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4320 MXN/Month in 2018 and a record low of 4130 MXN/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Ukraine increased to 4690 UAH/Month in 2018 from 4420 UAH/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Ukraine averaged 4442.50 UAH/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 4690 UAH/Month in 2018 and a record low of 4210 UAH/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Argentina increased to 10400 ARS/Month in 2018 from 8560 ARS/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Argentina averaged 8340 ARS/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 10400 ARS/Month in 2018 and a record low of 6550 ARS/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Australia decreased to 1770 AUD/Month in 2018 from 1820 AUD/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Australia averaged 1775 AUD/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1820 AUD/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1750 AUD/Month in 2015. This page provides - Australia Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Austria decreased to 1010 EUR/Month in 2018 from 1080 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Austria averaged 1011.25 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1080 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 975 EUR/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Belgium decreased to 1090 EUR/Month in 2018 from 1110 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Belgium averaged 1070 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1110 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1040 EUR/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Canada decreased to 1930 CAD/Month in 2018 from 1960 CAD/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Canada averaged 1877.50 CAD/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1960 CAD/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1790 CAD/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Chile decreased to 388600 CLP/Month in 2018 from 394100 CLP/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Chile averaged 386925 CLP/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 394100 CLP/Month in 2017 and a record low of 379500 CLP/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Colombia increased to 782100 COP/Month in 2018 from 746500 COP/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Colombia averaged 754825 COP/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 782100 COP/Month in 2018 and a record low of 730000 COP/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Brazil decreased to 1390 BRL/Month in 2018 from 1400 BRL/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Brazil averaged 1390 BRL/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1410 BRL/Month in 2015 and a record low of 1360 BRL/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Bulgaria remained unchanged at 675 BGN/Month in 2018 from 675 BGN/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Bulgaria averaged 657.50 BGN/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 675 BGN/Month in 2017 and a record low of 630 BGN/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Ghana increased to 900 GHS/Month in 2018 from 860 GHS/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Ghana averaged 880 GHS/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 900 GHS/Month in 2018 and a record low of 860 GHS/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Czech Republic decreased to 15500 CZK/Month in 2018 from 15700 CZK/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Czech Republic averaged 14475 CZK/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 15700 CZK/Month in 2017 and a record low of 12600 CZK/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Finland decreased to 1160 EUR/Month in 2018 from 1190 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Finland averaged 1150 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1190 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 1100 EUR/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in India increased to 10300 INR/Month in 2018 from 10100 INR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in India averaged 10200 INR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 10300 INR/Month in 2018 and a record low of 10100 INR/Month in 2017. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Indonesia increased to 1456700 IDR/Month in 2018 from 1174300 IDR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Indonesia averaged 1374925 IDR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1476300 IDR/Month in 2016 and a record low of 1174300 IDR/Month in 2017.

Living Wage Individual in Kazakhstan increased to 85600 KZT/Month in 2018 from 83700 KZT/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Kazakhstan averaged 83875 KZT/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 85600 KZT/Month in 2018 and a record low of 81100 KZT/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Malaysia decreased to 1150 MYR/Month in 2018 from 1170 MYR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Malaysia averaged 1150 MYR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1200 MYR/Month in 2016 and a record low of 1080 MYR/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Botswana decreased to 2700 BWP/Month in 2018 from 3620 BWP/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Botswana averaged 3160 BWP/Month from 2017 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 3620 BWP/Month in 2017 and a record low of 2700 BWP/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Botswana Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Myanmar remained unchanged at 193400 MMK/Month in 2018 from 193400 MMK/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Myanmar Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Namibia remained unchanged at 8360 NAD/Month in 2018 from 8360 NAD/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey. This page provides - Namibia Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Living Wage Individual in Zimbabwe remained unchanged at 305 USD/Month in 2018 from 305 USD/Month in 2018. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Sweden increased to 12300 SEK/Month in 2018 from 11600 SEK/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Sweden averaged 11675 SEK/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 12300 SEK/Month in 2018 and a record low of 11400 SEK/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Croatia increased to 7020 HRK/Month in 2018 from 6510 HRK/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Croatia averaged 6415 HRK/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 7020 HRK/Month in 2018 and a record low of 5880 HRK/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Hungary increased to 144800 HUF/Month in 2018 from 135900 HUF/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Hungary averaged 135225 HUF/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 144800 HUF/Month in 2018 and a record low of 127200 HUF/Month in 2015. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Turkey increased to 1930 TRY/Month in 2018 from 1820 TRY/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Turkey averaged 1812.50 TRY/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 1930 TRY/Month in 2018 and a record low of 1750 TRY/Month in 2016. WageIndicator Living Wage computations are based on the cost of living for a predefined food basket derived from the FAO database distinguishing 50 food groups with national food consumption patterns in per capita units, for housing and for transportation, with a margin for unexpected expenses. The data about prices of these items is collected through an online survey.

Living Wage Individual in Greece decreased to 595 EUR/Month in 2018 from 600 EUR/Month in 2017. Living Wage Individual in Greece averaged 577.50 EUR/Month from 2015 until 2018, reaching an all time high of 600 EUR/Month in 2017 and a record low of 555 EUR/Month in 2015. This page provides - Greece Living Wage Individual- actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.