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Japan’s agro-food sector would benefit greatly from policies to boost innovation, entrepreneurship and sustainable resource use

Japan’s agriculture sector has traditionally been characterised by small-scale rice production, but has recently begun to respond to new market opportunities for higher value food products across a rapidly growing East Asia. Today, rice represents less than 20% of the value of agriculture production, and larger, more productive, and more profitable farm businesses now account for more than half of total agriculture output.




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Luxembourg Medical Doctors

Medical Doctors in Luxembourg increased to 3.31 per 1000 people in 2017 from 3.10 per 1000 people in 2016. Medical Doctors in Luxembourg averaged 3.02 per 1000 people from 2004 until 2017, reaching an all time high of 3.31 per 1000 people in 2017 and a record low of 2.72 per 1000 people in 2004. This page includes a chart with historical data for Luxembourg Medical Doctors.




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United Kingdom Public Sector Net Borrowing

Government Debt in the United Kingdom decreased to -2325 GBP Million in March from -65 GBP Million in February of 2020. Government Debt in the United Kingdom averaged -4293.61 GBP Million from 1993 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 12509 GBP Million in January of 2019 and a record low of -21052 GBP Million in April of 2012. In the United Kingdom, net borrowing or net lending is the difference between the net acquisition of financial assets and the net incurrence of liabilities. This page provides the latest reported value for - United Kingdom Public Sector Net Borrowing - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.




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Efficient Public Sectors for Better Governance

OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría opens the Global Forum on Better Governance for Inclusive Growth held in Paris. The Forum will focus on public sector reforms worldwide and identify lessons learned, good practices and innovative solutions for advancing the governance reforms necessary to foster inclusive growth.




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Structural reform and supervision of the banking sector in France

The crisis has shown that there is no such thing as an optimal banking structure or model. The Liikanen report highlighted excessive risk taking and excessive reliance on short-term funding not matched with adequate capital protection. The French reform of the banking sector builds on this insight as well as the agreement reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the European CRD 4 to foster financial stability.




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Special session on climate change and the insurance sector

This event explored the potential contribution of the (re)insurance sector to climate change mitigation and adaptation, including: the role of the insurance sector in a climate change agreement; managing the financial risks of extreme events in a changing climate; investing in the transition to a low-carbon economy; and the role of regulators in addressing climate change risks.




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Finance and climate: The transition to a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy from a financial sector perspective

Climate change is a major political and economic challenge. This paper sketches out its relevance for the financial sector. Necessary low-carbon investments imply a significant yet manageable financing gap. Beyond capital mobilisation that has attracted most attention until now, the main challenge is ensuring a transition-consistent capital reallocation.




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Analytical tools for the insurance sector

The OECD has been collecting and analysing official insurance statistics since the early 1980’s. In response to the financial crisis in 2008, the OECD has been expanding the scope of its Global Insurance Statistics exercise in order to extend its global reach.




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Investment governance and the integration of environmental, social and governance factors

This paper presents the findings of an international stocktaking of the regulatory frameworks that apply to institutional investment in different jurisdictions and how these frameworks are interpreted by institutional investors in terms of their ability or responsibility to integrate environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors in their governance processes.




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Technology and innovation in the insurance sector

“Insurtech”is the term being used to describe the new technologies with the potential to bring innovation to the insurance sector and impact the regulatory practices of insurance markets. This report catalogues these technologies and examines how InsurTech is being funded and how insurers are engaging with the start-ups entering the market.




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Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, in Brussels on Monday 16th October 2017

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, was in Brussels on Monday 16th October 2017 to attend the General Assembly of the World Steel Association, where he delivered a keynote address.




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External factors threaten Swiss economic recovery, OECD says

Switzerland has made a broadly balanced recovery from the economic crisis, but slower activity in Europe and pressures on the Swiss franc weigh on the near-term outlook, according to the latest Economic Survey of Switzerland.




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Reforming policies for the business sector to harvest the benefits of globalisation in the Netherlands

The Netherlands has strongly benefited from globalisation, which boosted international trade, cross-border investment and economic growth over the latest decades.




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Measuring total factor productivity at the firm level using OECD-ORBIS

Recent OECD research has utilised harmonised cross-country firm level data to explore the contribution of public policies to cross-country differences in productivity, innovation and resource allocation.




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Belgium: enhancing the cost efficiency and flexibility of the health sector to adjust to population ageing

Belgium has a good record in delivering accessible care, but adaptation to population ageing will be complicated by the fragmentation of responsibilities in the healthcare system and a strong reliance on government regulations.




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Restructuring the electricity sector and promoting green growth in Japan

The 2011 disaster and nuclear problems opened the door to a new energy policy, as they raised fundamental questions about the electricity system’s ability to prevent and respond to accidents.




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The state of the banking sector in Europe

This paper reviews the state of the banking sector in Europe. At the aggregate level, the empirical data suggest that the Baltics, Cyprus, Greece and Ireland, in particular, are hit by a strong decline in lending in the wake of the financial crisis.




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OECD appoints new directors for economic policy

The OECD has appointed a former Portuguese economy minister and a high-level German government official to top leadership posts in the Economics Department, reinforcing its commitment to identifying and promoting policies that improve countries’ long-term economic performance.




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The automotive sector: Steering beyond the crisis

The car industry has taken a dent since the recession started to bite in 2008, but even before then, new patterns were emerging that would reshape the sector for a long time to come.




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International migration: the relationship with economic and policy factors in the home and destination country

Unfavourable demographic trends in many OECD countries threaten the sustainability of potential labour resources, GDP growth and fiscal positions. One factor that is expected to mitigate these trends is continued inflows of migrant workers from low income economies.




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Making the banking sector more resilient and reducing household debt in the Netherlands

Dutch banks were put under heavy strains early in the global downturn and have comparatively weak financial buffers to cope with new shocks. Falling house prices have increased the share of households with negative home equity to nearly 35% for home-owning households and 40% for mortgage holders.




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Fostering inclusive growth in Turkey by promoting structural change in the business sector

Turkey’s business sector dynamism has underpinned broad-based and inclusive growth in the 2000s. However, the business sector is highly segmented, with a relatively small core of modern high-productivity corporations, and myriad small, less formal and low-productivity entities.




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Factors behind the decline in real long-term government bond yields

This paper describes developments in real long-term interest rates in the main OECD economies and surveys their various determinants. Real long-term government bond yields declined from the 1980s to very low levels in the recent period, though they have not reached the historical lows of the 1970s.




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A revival of the private rental sector of the housing market? Lessons from Germany, Finland, the Czech Republic and the Netherlands

This Working Paper studies ways to stimulate the private rental sector (PRS) of the housing market – and compares experiences with policies and reforms in Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the Czech Republic.




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Moving towards a more dynamic business sector in Spain

Policy efforts to revitalise entrepreneurship and investment in Spain are key to generating growth and new jobs. The government has a substantial reform program to make it easier to do business in Spain, which should in some cases be deepened. Boosting economic growth requires a new generation of high-growth companies and that resources flow towards the most productive firms.




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Challenges and opportunities of India’s manufacturing sector

Stronger manufacturing would increase productivity and make growth more inclusive, while contributing to improved current account balance. In particular, India should aim for more formal jobs, as these tend to be the most secure and of highest productivity.




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Building on rural sector is key for economic modernisation in Myanmar, says OECD

Improving Myanmar's agricultural sector by building up food processing activities and related services could help the transformation of the country's economy, to a more modern one able to produce higher-value goods for export, according to a new OECD report.




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Luxembourg must diversify its economy and maintain a strong and resilient financial sector

Luxembourg weathered the global economic crisis well, but must take additional steps to foster the diversification of the economy while ensuring the continuing health of its financial sector, according to the latest OECD Economic Survey of Luxembourg.




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Raising the potential of the domestically oriented sector in Germany

Reforming and deregulating the domestically oriented sectors, including network industries, crafts and professional services would release hidden growth potential and prove beneficial to the economy as a whole. It could also help strengthen domestic demand and reduce dependence on exports.




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A snapshot of China’s service sector

The share of the tertiary sector in China’s value added has increased steadily, overtaking the share of the secondary sector in 2013. With increasing incomes, the share of services is expected to grow further as at higher incomes a larger share of income is spent on services.




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Financial sector must promote inclusive growth

Finance is a key ingredient of modern economies, but too much finance may hamper economic growth and worsen income inequality, according to new research from the OECD.




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Restoring the financial sector and corporate deleveraging in Slovenia

Excessive credit growth, poor risk assessment and lax lending standards in the run up to the 2008 global crisis led to unsustainable debt build-up in banks and related corporates.




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Enhancing dynamism and innovation in Japan's business sector

Innovation is key to boosting economic growth in the face of a rapidly ageing population. While Japan spends heavily on education and R&D, appropriate framework conditions are essential to increase the return on such investments by strengthening competition, both domestic and international, and improving resource allocation.




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Regulations in services sectors and their impact on downstream industries: the OECD 2013 REGIMPACT indicator

This document presents the new 2013 set of the OECD Regulatory Impact (REGIMPACT) indicator. It measures the impact of regulatory barriers to competition in non-manufacturing sectors on all industries, through intermediate inputs.




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Central bank negative deposit rates and the banking sector

The ECB, the Bank of Japan and five other central banks in Europe have applied negative interest rates on commercial banks’ reserves. This additional monetary policy stimulus, following large asset purchases by central banks in some of these areas, should boost the economy and thus raise inflation closer to target.




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Strengthening competition in network sectors and the internal market in Canada

Canada’s productivity performance has lagged that of many other OECD countries, despite some improvement in recent years.




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Unleashing private sector productivity in the United States

Productivity growth has been sluggish since the Great Recession and had been slowing before it.




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Unleashing private sector productivity in the United States

With the global economy mired in low-growth and no signs of strong acceleration, a lot of attention has been paid to the meagre pace of productivity growth in OECD countries.




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Unleashing private sector productivity in the United States

In the United States, the most watched indicator of productivity (nonfarm business productivity growth) decelerated about ¾ percentage point from 2009 to 2014 relative to the preceding 5-year period.




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Enhancing public sector efficiency and effectiveness in the Czech Republic

Spending on public administration itself is relatively low and so are indicators of its performance.




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The Economics Department is recruiting its Deputy Director!

The Economics Department is recruiting its Deputy Director. We provide flexible work options, which respects diverse working styles. If you want to join a co-operative, collaborative and respectful work environment where professional development is recognised and encouraged, please visit the job opening.




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Consumer Prices, OECD - Updated: 3 October 2017

OECD annual inflation picks up to 2.2% in August 2017, driven by food and energy prices




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Composite Leading Indicators (CLI), OECD, October 2017

OECD CLIs point to stable growth momentum in the OECD area




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OECD sees global economy strengthening, but says further policy action needed to catalyse the private sector for stronger and more inclusive growth

OECD sees global economy strengthening, but says further policy action needed to catalyse the private sector for stronger and more inclusive growth




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Aggregate multi-factor productivity: measurement issues in OECD countries

This paper analyses for 34 OECD countries the extent to which the calculation of aggregate multi-factor productivity (MFP) is sensitive to alternative parameterisations.




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Norway’s economy: maintaining a successful business sector in a changing world

Norway’s success in maintaining high living standards, low inequality and good progress in gender balance owes much to its business sector.




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Sectoral and regional distribution of export shocks: What do two hundred thousand UK firm observations say?

This study explores the impact of export shocks on firms and re-aggregates results to derive distributional effects on sectors and regions.




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The UK productivity puzzle through the magnifying glass: A sectoral perspective

Since the start of the Great Recession, labour productivity growth has been weak in the United Kingdom, weaker than in many other OECD countries.




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Consumer Prices, OECD - Updated: 2 October 2018

OECD annual inflation stable at 2.9% in August 2018




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Composite Leading Indicators (CLI), OECD, October 2018

OECD CLIS continue to point to easing growth momentum in the OECD area