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A7: Usability Testing for the WWW

In a follow-up to last year's session, User testing on a shoestring budget, Emma Tonkin, UKOLN, demonstrates two methods of user testing. One, the cognitive walkthrough, an be carried out by a single evaluator. The second, the think-aloud protocol, is all about observing the way Web visitors interact with your Web site.




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The Fashion Industry Meets Human Rights Due Diligence: New York’s Proposed “Fashion Sustainability and Social Accountability Act”

In January 2022, the New York State Senate introduced a bill that seeks to impose significant human rights and environmental due diligence and disclosure obligations on fashion retail sellers and manufacturers operating in the state of New York.  As we reported previously, 2021 saw a number of international and regional legislative efforts to impose human rights due diligence and disclosure obligations on multinational employers.




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The CSDDD Effect: Assessing the Impact of the EU’s Impending Corporate Sustainability Mandate on Japanese Companies

Lavanga Wijekoon and Aki Tanaka explore the significant impact of the European Union’s expected Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) on global corporate responsibility, with a specific focus on its implications for Japanese companies.

Institute for Security and Development Policy

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Littler Expands Pay Equity Audit Capabilities with New Offering

The Littler Pay Equity Assessment™ Provides Enhanced Data Analytics to Help Employers Assess Risk and Proactively Identify Solutions




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Veteran Wins Lawsuit Over Lack of Disability Accommodation

Bradford Kelley comments on a case that he says shows several ways in which USERRA is more far-reaching than other employment anti-discrimination laws even though it gets less attention.

SHRM Online

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California Supreme Court Rules that Trial Courts Lack Inherent Authority to Strike PAGA Claims on Manageability Grounds

  • California Supreme Court held that trial courts lack inherent authority to strike (dismiss with prejudice) claims under the PAGA.
  • Class action manageability requirement cannot be superimposed onto PAGA claims.
  • The Court did not decide whether an employer may strike an unmanageable PAGA claim on the ground that the claim violates an employer’s due process rights.




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Ontario, Canada: Availability of Deemed IDEL Ended on July 30, 2022 But Unpaid and Paid IDEL Still Available to Eligible Employees

Deemed IDEL No Longer Available




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Increased Liability for Subcontractor’s Injured Workers

William Foster and Katie Towery share the changes in the legal landscape and how it could result in manufacturers’ increased liability for workplace accidents. 

Industry Today

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PBGC Finalizes its Rule Simplifying the Calculation of Withdrawal Liability for Multiemployer Pension Plans

On January 8, 2021, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) issued its final rule modifying the calculation of withdrawal liability by multiemployer pension plans.  This final rule amends the agency’s regulations on allocating unfunded vested benefits to withdrawing employers (29 C.F.R. § 4211) and notice, collection, and redetermination of withdrawal liability (29 C.F.R. § 4219).




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Disability Benefits Policy Language Warrants Arbitrary and Capricious Standard of Review Despite Enactment of Anti-Discretionary Statute

A federal court in New Jersey recently applied the arbitrary and capricious standard of review for a denial of benefits claim despite the enactment of an anti-discretionary statute in Minnesota, which governed the benefit plan policy. Hocheiser v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 2021 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 32154 (D.N.J. Feb. 22, 2021).




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Second Circuit Finds No Successor Liability for ERISA Withdrawal Where Employer Did Not Acquire Unionized Facility or Employees

On January 27, 2022, in New York State Teamsters Conference Pension and Retirement Fund v. C&S Wholesale Grocers, Inc., the Second Circuit joined the Third, Seventh, and Ninth Circuits in applying the doctrine of successor liability to claims for withdrawal liability under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). The court did not, however, find successor liability in this case because the acquiring company specifically did not acquire the facility or employees that triggered the liability.




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D.C. Circuit Holds Withdrawal Liability Interest Rate Must Reflect Plan’s Investment Policy

On Friday, July 8, 2022, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit issued its decision in United Mine Workers of America 1974 Pension Plan v. Energy West Mining Company, joining the Sixth Circuit in holding that the assumptions used by a multiemployer defined benefit pension plan in calculating the amount of withdrawal liability owed by an exiting employer must reflect the actual and projected experience of the plan.




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PBGC Issues Proposed Rule on Withdrawal Liability Actuarial Interest Rate Assumptions

On October 14, 2022, the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC), the federal agency that insures and regulates private-sector defined benefit pension plans under Title IV of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), published a proposed rule governing employer withdrawal liability.




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PBGC Looks To Clarify Withdrawal Liability Methodology

Sarah Bryan Fask explains why attorneys are critical of Pension Benefit Guaranty Corp.’s proposed rule to use interest rate assumptions to determine a withdrawing employer's liability to a multiemployer pension plan.

Law360

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Seventh Circuit Case Confirms that “Full and Fair Review” of Disability Claims Requires Disclosure of New Evidence Before Denying Appeals

A recent federal appeals court case clarifies that, under ERISA, the regulations governing disability plans’ claims review procedures apply to claims that predate the 2018 changes to the regulations. The decision also serves as a reminder for plan administrators to review their claims review procedures to ensure compliance with the current requirements for a “full and fair review” benefits appeal process.

The Claims Review Regulations




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Celebrating Disability Pride Month: Adding Disability Inclusion to the Inclusion, Equity & Diversity Conversation

In celebration of Disability Pride Month, Jennifer Duke, Littler Learning Group Director and attorney, talks with Anna Curry Gualano, Littler Principal and co-chair of the firm’s Individuals with Disabilities affinity group, about the importance of disability inclusion and its impact in the workplace for both employers and employees.
  




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Celebrating Disability Pride Month: Image of Inclusion – Advocating for Inclusive Visual Representation

Littler’s Anna Curry Gualano is joined by her father, Ashley Curry, to discuss their advocacy work in Alabama to update the traditional accessibility symbol to one that is more inclusive and empowering.
  




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Doesn’t the Pregnant Workers Fairness Act just require employers to treat pregnant employees just like they treat employees with disabilities?




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Awareness to Action: The Progress and Future of UK Disability Laws

Following Disability Pride Month, we look to the past, present and future to examine how rights for people with disabilities in the workplace have developed in the UK and could develop further, before giving some practical steps for employers.

A brief history of disability laws




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The ADA Turns 34: The Intersection of Technology, AI, and Individuals with Disabilities

On July 26, 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law. On the recent 34th anniversary of the ADA, U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) General Counsel Karla Gilbride and U.S.




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The ADA turns 34: The intersection of technology, AI, and individuals with disabilities

Bradford J. Kelley and Sean O'Brien discuss how, on the 34th anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Justice Department emphasize their commitment to ensuring that emerging technologies and AI comply with ADA standards.

Westlaw Today

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Using Measurement and Stability Periods under ACA




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Employers Have Until July 25, 2023 to Implement New OFCCP Disability Self-Identification Form

On April 25, 2023, the Office of Management and Budget approved the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs’ (OFCCP) updated form prospective and current employees must use to voluntarily self-identify as an individual with a disability.  The form is applicable to federal contractors and subcontractors subject to Section 503 of the Rehabilitation Act, which requires contractors to invite applicants to self-identify as disabled at the pre-offer stage, and to invi




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Third Circuit Holds Multiemployer Pension Fund Claim Cannot Be Enforced due to Unreasonable Delay in Providing Notice of Withdrawal Liability Assessment

In July, the Third Circuit upheld a District of New Jersey decision to throw out a withdrawal liability assessment, finding the multiemployer pension fund was barred from pursuing its claim because the fund unreasonably delayed notification of a withdrawal liability assessment for 12 years.

Withdrawal Liability Assessments Under ERISA




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Illinois Federal Court Holds that a Pension Rehabilitation Plan Fund Used an Improper High-Contribution Rate in Withdrawal Liability Calculations

  • In a matter of first impression for federal courts, the Northern District of Illinois found that a pension fund cannot use post-2014 contribution rate increases made pursuant to a rehabilitation plan to calculate an employer’s withdrawal liability payment amount.
  • This decision represents a major victory for employers faced with inflated withdrawal liability demands.




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Supreme Court: False Claims Act Liability Depends on Defendant’s Subjective Belief

On June 1, 2023, in United States ex rel.




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New Developments on the Enforceability of Releases in Brazil

In 2017, companies in Brazil welcomed changes to its labor code that introduced the option for securing enforceable releases to employment law claims. The changes to the labor code included allowing parties to seek a ratification of a private settlement with the labor courts. The rationale behind the new law was to permit parties to settle matters in an amicable way, thereby reducing judicial disputes.




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Ontario, Canada Court Reinforces Waksdale’s Impact on Enforceability of Termination Provisions and Provides Guidance on Proving Failure to Mitigate

  • Ontario’s Superior Court of Justice held that because a termination for cause provision in an employment contract defined “cause” more broadly than does the Employment Standards Act, 2000 it was unenforceable.
  • Court also held the employer failed to prove the employee did not mitigate her damages.




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Ontario, Canada Court Orders Independent Medical Examination of Employee Claiming Indefinite Inability to Mitigate Due to Mental Health Condition

Marshall v. Mercantile Exchange Corporation, 2024 CanLII 71128  (ONSC), is an action for wrongful dismissal where the employee claimed he could not mitigate his damages by seeking alternative employment indefinitely because of a mental health condition (i.e., stress and depression) allegedly arising out of his termination. He claimed a 26-month notice period. The employer sought an independent medical examination (IME) of the employee pursuant to s.




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Second Chance Employment: Addressing Concerns About Negligent Hiring Liability

Rod Fliegel co-authors a report that explains negligent hiring, employers’ risks and how they can protect their company. 

Legal Action Center

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New Pennsylvania Legislation and Philadelphia Ordinance Amendment Tackle Pardoned Convictions, Expunged Records, and Negligent Hiring Liability

Pennsylvania and Philadelphia recently enacted changes that impact employer criminal background screening.

State Law

Enacted on December 14, 2023, and effective February 12, 2024, Pennsylvania’s House Bill No. 689 amends Pennsylvania law relating to the expungement of certain criminal record information and employer immunity when hiring individuals with expunged records. 




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California Eliminates Employers’ Ability to Require Employees to Use Vacation Before They Receive State Paid Family Leave Benefits

  • Employers will no longer be able to require employees to use up to two weeks of vacation before they receive paid family leave insurance benefits.
  • Employees will have access sooner to paid family leave insurance benefits.
  • Changes can have a knock-on effect concerning substitution of paid leave under federal FMLA and California CFRA, but should not impact San Francisco PPLO compliance.




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California Eliminates Employers' Ability to Require Employees to Use Vacation Before They Receive State Paid Family Leave Benefits

Adam Fiss and Sebastian Chilco review updates to California’s paid leave law.

Wolters Kluwer

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California Eliminates Employers’ Ability to Require Vacation Use Before Receipt of State Paid Family Leave Benefits

Adam Joshua Fiss and Sebastian Chilco discuss a new California law that will eliminate employers’ ability to require employees to use up to two weeks of company-provided vacation before they start receiving paid family leave benefits.

SHRM

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Savings Clause Results in Oregon Supreme Court Affirming Enforceability of Arbitration Provision

On July 8, 2022, in Gist v. ZoAn Management, Inc., the Oregon Supreme Court affirmed the decisions of the trial court and court of appeals granting the defendants’ motion to compel arbitration.  The court concluded that because nothing in the arbitration agreement prohibited the plaintiff from being awarded any relief he might be entitled to under Oregon’s wage and hour statutes, the arbitration provision was not unconscionable and therefore enforceable.

Background




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Oregon Supreme Court Affirms Enforceability of Arbitration Provision

Christine Sargent writes about an Oregon Supreme Court case that affirmed the importance of implementing enforceable arbitration agreements.

SHRM Online

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Managing Legal Compliance and Workplace Culture in the Nevada Cannabis Industry




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California Restricts Employer’s Ability to Make Decisions Based on an Individual’s Criminal History




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ETSI releases specification for Energy Efficient IP Video Surveillance enabling further IoT interoperability

ETSI releases specification for Energy Efficient IP Video Surveillance enabling further IoT interoperability

Sophia Antipolis, 13 June 2019

The ETSI Technical Committee ATTM has just released the ETSI specification TS 105 176-2, to provide interoperable Ethernet and Power over Coax solutions for IP video surveillance.

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AIOTI, ISO/IEC JTC1, ETSI, oneM2M and W3C Collaborate on Two Joint White Papers on Semantic Interoperability Targeting Developers and Standardization Engineers

AIOTI, ISO/IEC JTC1, ETSI, oneM2M and W3C Collaborate on Two Joint White Papers on Semantic Interoperability Targeting Developers and Standardization Engineers

Cross-organization expert group works together on accelerating adoption of semantic technologies in IoT.

AIOTI today announced its collaborative role in the publication of two joint white papers on semantic interoperability entitled Semantic IoT Solutions - A Developer Perspective and Towards semantic interoperability standards based on ontologies in conjunction with organizations closely tied to the advancement of the IoT ecosystem.

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First ETSI C-V2X interoperability event tests ETSI ITS and 3GPP standards

First ETSI C-V2X interoperability event tests ETSI ITS and 3GPP standards

Registration now open!

Sophia Antipolis, 8 November 2019

ETSI, with experts from its Center for Testing and Interoperability, in partnership with the 5GAA, is organizing the first C‑V2X PlugtestsTM event.

Hosted by DEKRA in its Connected Vehicle Test Development Centre in Malaga from 2-6 December 2019, the event will enable vendors to run interoperability test sessions to assess the level of interoperability of their implementations and validate their understanding of the standards. Interoperability testing checks that devices built to the same standards can work together and provide the functionalities specified in the standards.

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First ETSI C-V2X interoperability event: success rate of 95% achieved

First ETSI C-V2X interoperability event: success rate of 95% achieved

Sophia Antipolis, 11 December 2019

The first ETSI C-V2X PlugtestsTM, performed in partnership with 5GAA, came to a close with a success rate of 95% of the executed tests, showing an extremely positive level of multi-vendor interoperability. 320 test scenarios were executed in lab and field environments for interoperability with 70 people present onsite for testing.

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ETSI launches remote Plugtests Programme for Mission Critical Services to accelerate adoption and interoperability

ETSI launches remote PlugtestsTM Programme for Mission Critical Services to accelerate adoption and interoperability

Sophia Antipolis, 28 April 2020

To accelerate Mission Critical Services (MCS) adoption and interoperability, a key enabler to MCS deployment, ETSI is running an innovative MCX PlugtestsTM Programme. Testing sessions will also benefit from the latest ETSI specification, ETSI TS 103 564, on Plugtests scenarios for Mission Critical Services.

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Second ETSI C-V2X interoperability test event to connect vehicles in Europe and in the rest of the world

Second ETSI C-V2X interoperability test event, remote, to connect vehicles in Europe and in the rest of the world

Register now for this remote event!

Sophia Antipolis, 5 May 2020

ETSI, in partnership with the 5GAA, is organizing the second “Cellular-Vehicle-to-Everything” (C-V2X) PlugtestsTM event. It will be held remotely, from 20 to 31 July 2020. ETSI has recently setup a remote lab for all participants, it leverages the ETSI Hub for Interoperability and Validation (HIVE) to interconnect participants’ labs and allow for multi-party interoperability testing.

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ETSI’s new group on COVID-19 tracing apps interoperability moving fast: officials elected and work programme set up

ETSI’s new group on COVID-19 tracing apps interoperability moving fast: officials elected and work programme set up

Sophia Antipolis, 11 June 2020

The ETSI E4P group, “Europe for Privacy-Preserving Pandemic Protection”, launched a month ago has already held two meetings. The work of ISG E4P aims to facilitate the development of backward-compatible and interoperable proximity tracing applications to be used to combat pandemics by helping to break viral transmission chains.

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ETSI C-V2X Plugtest achieves interoperability success rate of 94%

ETSI C-V2X Plugtest achieves interoperability success rate of 94%

Sophia Antipolis, 18 August 2020

ETSI has just released the report of its 2nd C-V2X Plugtests event organized remotely in partnership with the 5GAA the last week of July. The 81 remote participants benefited from ETSI’s remote lab to run their sessions in their own labs. Observers from different organizations witnessed the execution of 288 test sessions based on the ETSI test specification ETSI TS 103 600, and interoperability results were reported in the Test reporting tool. An overall interoperability success rate of 94% was achieved.

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ETSI unveils NFV&MEC 2020 Interoperability Report: Strong focus on Containerized and 5G Network Services

ETSI unveils NFV&MEC 2020 Interoperability Report:
Strong focus on Containerized and 5G Network Services

Sophia Antipolis, 22 September 2020

ETSI is pleased to release the report of its NFV&MEC PlugtestsTM  event that took place remotely in June 2020. After several weeks of remote integration and pre-testing, the event offered NFV and MEC solution providers as well as open source communities an opportunity to discuss and solve interoperability challenges while validating their implementation of NFV and MEC specifications and APIs.

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ETSI Mission Critical Plugtests event achieves a 95% interoperability success rate

ETSI Mission Critical Plugtests event achieves a 95% interoperability success rate

Sophia Antipolis, 2 November 2020

ETSI is pleased to announce it has now released the Report of its fifth MCX PlugtestsTM remote event that took place from 21 September to 2 October 2020. Results of the testing sessions outline an interoperability rate of 95%, giving industry a reliable set of standards for successful implementations.

Highlights of this event included initial railway-oriented capabilities in 3GPP Release-15, such as functional aliases, multi-talker, helping Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) move forward. 173 delegates from all over the world executed around 1350 test cases in 169 test sessions, interoperability results were reported in the ETSI Test reporting tool. Around fifty new test cases were developed for this event and will be added to ETSI TS 103 564.

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ETSI unveils its Report comparing worldwide COVID-19 contact-tracing systems – a first step toward interoperability

ETSI unveils its Report comparing worldwide COVID-19 contact-tracing systems – a first step toward interoperability

Sophia Antipolis, 2 February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched the planet’s health systems to their limits and tested the measures adopted to alleviate difficulties. Contact tracking or tracing to identify infected people has been one such example. However, contact tracing based on interviews with identified or suspected patients presents known weaknesses from previous pandemics. Turning to digital means in a world where global mobility is the rule was therefore of the essence.

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ETSI announces first interoperability event for future railway communication

ETSI announces first interoperability event for future railway communication

Sophia Antipolis, 19 April 2021

ETSI has announced that its Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) Plugtests™ event will take place from 14 to 18 June 2021. Over 20 vendors and more than 80 participants will participate.

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