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Erratum: McCosh et al., "Norepinephrine Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Suppress Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Female Mice"




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Spatiotemporal Neural Network for Sublexical Information Processing: An Intracranial SEEG Study

Words offer a unique opportunity to separate the processing mechanisms of object subcomponents from those of the whole object, because the phonological or semantic information provided by the word subcomponents (i.e., sublexical information) can conflict with that provided by the whole word (i.e., lexical information). Previous studies have revealed some of the specific brain regions and temporal information involved in sublexical information processing. However, a comprehensive spatiotemporal neural network for sublexical processing remains to be fully elucidated due to the low temporal or spatial resolutions of previous neuroimaging studies. In this study, we recorded stereoelectroencephalography signals with high spatial and temporal resolutions from a large sample of 39 epilepsy patients (both sexes) during a Chinese character oral reading task. We explored the activated brain regions and their connectivity related to three sublexical effects: phonological regularity (whether the whole character's pronunciation aligns with its phonetic radical), phonological consistency (whether characters with the same phonetic radical share the same pronunciation), and semantic transparency (whether the whole character's meaning aligns with its semantic radical). The results revealed that sublexical effects existed in the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral and postcentral gyri, temporal lobe, and middle occipital gyrus. Additionally, connectivity from the middle occipital gyrus to the postcentral gyrus and from postcentral gyrus to the fusiform gyrus was associated with the sublexical effects. These findings provide valuable insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of sublexical processing and object recognition in the brain.




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Neural Representations of Concreteness and Concrete Concepts Are Specific to the Individual

Different people listening to the same story may converge upon a largely shared interpretation while still developing idiosyncratic experiences atop that shared foundation. What linguistic properties support this individualized experience of natural language? Here, we investigate how the "concrete–abstract" axis—the extent to which a word is grounded in sensory experience—relates to within- and across-subject variability in the neural representations of language. Leveraging a dataset of human participants of both sexes who each listened to four auditory stories while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrate that neural representations of "concreteness" are both reliable across stories and relatively unique to individuals, while neural representations of "abstractness" are variable both within individuals and across the population. Using natural language processing tools, we show that concrete words exhibit similar neural representations despite spanning larger distances within a high-dimensional semantic space, which potentially reflects an underlying representational signature of sensory experience—namely, imageability—shared by concrete words but absent from abstract words. Our findings situate the concrete–abstract axis as a core dimension that supports both shared and individualized representations of natural language.




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Why the Creator of One of the First ‘Lie Detectors’ Lived to Regret His Invention

The early polygraph machine was considered the most scientific way to detect deception—but that was a myth




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FAO Director-General applauds UN Secretary-General's stance on hunger

FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva today praised UN Secretary-General Ban Ki Moon for his support in the fight against hunger at a meeting with FAO member countries, the Committee [...]




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Crisis-hit farmers receive seeds and tools in Central African Republic

A major operation to distribute seeds and tools has been launched in the Central African Republic to support [...]




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Oceans crucial for our climate, food and nutrition

Better management of the world's ocean resources is crucial to ensuring food global security, [...]




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Statement of the FAO Secretariat under agenda item 12 “Proposal of the Republic of Korea for the establishment of an FAO World Fisheries University”

Mr Chairman,

I wish to convey, through you, to the Committee on Fisheries, the considered views of the FAO Secretariat on the item on the proposed Fisheries University.  

So far, the [...]




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Invitation for the launch event: The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security, 2021

Understanding and managing disaster risks in global agriculture: Better data for ambitious action



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AMR Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Platform - Creating a movement for change through engaging multiple actors and voices

The Tripartite organizations (FAO, OIE, WHO) invite partners to join public discussion on the establishment of the AMR Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Platform.




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In Focus: FAO responds to the Ukraine crisis

FAO’s responses to the crisis in Ukraine and its impacts on global food security: data analyses, policy recommendations, and actions on the ground.




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FAO in Review: Dynamic crisis management

Read the series on how FAO [...]




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FAO in Review: Transforming agrifood systems in the face of the climate crisis

Read the series on how FAO increased efficiency, effectiveness and transparency to better support its Members in the transformation of agrifood systems.




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FAO in review: Greater visibility and increased transparency

Read the series on how FAO increased efficiency, effectiveness and transparency to better support its Members in the transformation of agrifood systems.




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FAO Brief - Food crises, maize shortfall, and FPI

In this episode, over 282 million people in 59 countries suffered acute food insecurity in 2023, according to the Global Report on Food Crises; FAO warns about the food insecurity [...]




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What It Took to Recreate a Portrait of Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Through painstaking work, photographer Drew Gardner transformed Elizabeth Jenkins-Sahlin into her ancestor, a famous women’s rights activist. (Credit: Drew Gardner)




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A 600-Mile Journey Across Alaska Saves the Town of Nome

In 1925, an Alaskan adventurer and his trusted Siberian husky completed a grueling 600-mile journey across the frozen plains. Their exploits would end up saving the lives of 2,000 people.




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Bryan Stevenson: The Legal Crusader

The American Ingenuity Award winner is giving new hope to thousands of young people in America's prisons




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Aerial Acrobatics of the Praying Mantis

High-speed video captures the unique ability of a leaping praying mantis to control its spin in mid-air and precisely land on a target.




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Coral Reefs and Creatures

In the remote Pacific, the Phoenix Islands provide an unspoiled center for marine science




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Ask Smithsonian: What Are the Weirdest Things Pregnant Women Crave?

Our host explains why you should never say ‘no’ to a hungry pregnant woman




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NASA's Inflatable Spacecraft Heat Shield

Experts are working on a unique experiment that will use an inflatable aeroshell/heat shield to protect a spacecraft when entering a planet's atmosphere or returning to Earth




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Cooking with Crickets

Chef Darin Nesbit demonstrates how to cook cricket-crusted redfish. (Still Image: Natthanan Chumphookaew/iStock)




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Indiana's Secret Parties and Perfect Popcorn

A large portion of Indiana's economy relies on an invaluable crop: corn. Popcorn plants like Pop Weaver have perfected the production of our favorite movie snack down to a science.




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What It Took to Recreate a Portrait of Frederick Douglass

Kenneth Morris is the great-great-great-grandson of the heralded abolitionist and helped compile an illustrated biography of his ancestor. (Credit: Drew Gardner)




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Thomas Cromwell: Henry VIII's Partner in Crime

In 1536, Thomas Cromwell spotted an opportunity to enrich his master, Henry VIII, and further increase his own standing: the dissolution of the monasteries and claiming their wealth for the Crown.




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One Smart Crow

A crow named Icarus uses a short tool to extract a long tool, which he then uses to fish out a piece of meat.




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The Pollinating Cricket

For the first time ever, researchers observed a cricket as a pollinator for a flower




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Transitions: Photographs by Robert Creamer

Transitions: Photographs by Robert Creamer




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Discovering Secrets on the Seashore

Mineralogist Bob Hazen talks about what he loves about walking along the coast of the Chesapeake Bay, hunting for fossils and shark teeth hidden in the sand




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Astronomers Create First Realistic Virtual Universe

This video from the Illustris project simulates 13 billion years of the universe in just two minutes




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This Millipede is the Leggiest Creature in the World

The newly discovered Lllacme plenipes has up to 750 legs, more than any other known creature




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Dogs Engage in Rapid Mimicry

A slowed-down recording, made as part of a scientific study, shows one dog quickly mimicking another canine's expression during playtime in a park in Palermo. (Video courtesy Elisabetta Palagi)




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Was a Jamestown Governor the Father of U.S. Democracy?

In 1619, George Yeardley, the newly appointed governor of Jamestown, made history: He convened 22 elected members of a burgeoning commonwealth, creating the first democratic assembly in America.




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With "Master of None," Aziz Ansari Has Created a True American Original

Aziz Ansari | Smithsonian Magazine’s 2016 American Ingenuity Award Winner for Performing Arts The actor, comedian and author is being honored for his starring role as Dev Shah in “Master of None,” the Netflix series that he created with Alan Yang. Like the character he plays, Ansari is the son of Indian immigrant parents, and his smart, surprising take on life, love, technology and cultural identity in the United States has helped make the show “the year’s best comedy straight out of the gate,” as the New York Times put it. Among Ansari’s other accomplishments are his unforgettable portrayal of the loopy Tom Haverford on NBC’s “Parks and Recreation,” his best-selling book about dating in the internet age, Modern Romance (co-authored with Eric Klinenberg), and his blockbuster stand-up act that sold out Madison Square Garden. Read more about Ansari’s work: http://smithmag.co/jvdAaL | #IngenuityAwards And more about the American Ingenuity Awards: http://smithmag.co/77xPqy




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How Neil Armstrong Saved the Gemini 8 Spacecraft

Gemini 8 was in trouble. After completing the first space docking with another craft, it begins to spin uncontrollably. Ditching protocol, commanding officer Neil Armstrong tries an unorthodox plan.




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Haleakala Crater: A Sacred Place

Read more about Haleakala: http://j.mp/ufv44s The Hawaiian volcano, with its unique vegetation and meditative winds, has a spiritual connection to the native population




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March on Washington - Critical Past 1




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How One Photographer Recreated 19th Century Portraits With the Descendants of Civil War Heroes

Smithsonian magazine commissioned Drew Gardner for a project that connects Black Americans today to their lost ancestry. Read about Gardner’s project and process, as well as more details about the subjects of this incredible series here: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/descendants-black-civil-war-heroes-wear-heritage-pride-180983397/ Video produced by Sierra Theobald. Special thanks to Drew Gardner Additional credits: Emma MacBeath, WikiTree US Black Heritage project; Ottawa Goodman, research and coordinator; Sam Dole, Penumbra Foundation; Elizabeth Zuck, set design; Calvin Osbourne, props and costume; Angela Huff, hair and make up; Diego Huerta, Lexia Krebs, behind-the-scenes filming; background prints by Fujifilm USA




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Unlocking the Secrets of the Inner Earth

1,000 scientists in 40 countries are searching for answers 100 miles below our feet




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Julia Child Makes Crepe Suzette

Watch the famous chef make the classic French dish, but stay for her inventive use of a blowtorch




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Richard Saul Wurman, Creator of TED Conference: "I Hate Being Spoken To"

Richard Saul Wurman, the founder of the popular speaker series, shares his ideas for how to make learning more interesting




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The Incredible Flying Car of the 1950s

Equipped with wings and a propeller, Moulton Taylor Aerocar aerobile was capable of taking off from a stoplight or the runway




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SmartNews: Fight Crime with Water?

A new law enforcement tool is marking alleged criminals without their knowledge




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Peeps in a Microwave: A Peep Jousting Experiment

Read more at http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/science/2010/04/01/a-peep-experiment/ Our Surprising Science blogger tests whether stale peeps or fresh peeps are better for the spring tradition of peep jousting.




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Biomimicry and Butterflies: How Nature is Inspiring Design and Innovation

More on biomimicry: http://j.mp/RI3OOB Scientists believe the iridescent wings of the morphos butterfly could be used in technology to benefit humans.




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Rare Baby Crocs Born at the National Zoo

More on the crocs at Smithsonian.com: http://j.mp/SWhbxZ The two Cuban crocodiles are the first for the zoo since 1988.




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Decoding the National Cryptologic Museum

The CIA burglar who went rogue: http://j.mp/UpJtCJ Using the Enigma and the Sigaba, world powers encrypted their messages in hopes of catching their opponents by surprise.




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What It Took to Recreate a Portrait of Thomas Jefferson

Television reporter Shannon LaNier is a direct descendant of the third President of the United States. (Credit: Drew Gardner)




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Jack Andraka's Pancreatic Cancer Breakthrough

What was the motivation behind the American Ingenuity Award winner's medical breakthrough that will save thousands of lives