Facilitating female employment is particularly important given Japan’s shrinking and ageing population, which has already contributed to labour shortages.

Between 1999 and 2014, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan dropped by 21% as a result of the retirement of ageing business owners and weak entrepreneurial intentions in the Japanese population.

Selected findings for Japan from the report "The Pursuit of Gender Equality: An Uphill Battle"

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, was in Tokyo on an official visit from 11 to 13 April 2018. He held bilateral meetings with Prime Minister Abe as well as with several Ministers and high level Japanese officials.

This note presents marginal effective tax rates (METRs) that summarise the tax system’s impact on the incentives to make an additional investment in a particular type of savings. By comparing METRs on different types of household savings, we can gain insights into which assets or savings types receive the most favourable treatment from the tax system.

The digital revolution, globalisation and demographic changes are transforming labour markets at a time when policy makers are also struggling with slow productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality. The new OECD Jobs Strategy provides a comprehensive framework and policy recommendations to help countries address these challenges.

Japan must improve job quality and further reform the mandatory retirement age to address upfront the challenges of its rapidly ageing and shrinking labour force, according to a new OECD report.

Mr. Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the OECD, will be in Tokyo on 15-16 April 2019 on an Official visit to Japan, to present the OECD 2019 Economic Survey of Japan. During his visit, the Secretary-General will hold bilateral meetings with Prime Minister Abe, as well as several Ministers and other high-level Japanese officials.

The Japanese economy is undergoing the longest expansion in its post-war history, marked by strong job creation and business investment. Government policy must overcome the intertwined challenges posed by rapid population ageing and high government debt to ensure sustainable and inclusive growth for future generations, according to a new report from the OECD.

International efforts to improve transparency via automatic exchange of information on financial accounts are improving tax compliance and delivering concrete results for governments worldwide, according to new data released today by the OECD.

Mr. Angel Gurría was be in Osaka, from 27 to 29 June 2019, to attend the G20 Leaders’ Summit. The Secretary-General held bilateral meetings with high-level officials attending the summit.

Exports of Original Equipment Components CMLV in South Africa increased to 1.57 ZAR Million in March from 1.49 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Original Equipment Components CMLV in South Africa averaged 6.41 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 21.42 ZAR Million in December of 2017 and a record low of 0.11 ZAR Million in January of 2017. South Africa accounts for Exports of Original Equipment Components using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Original Equipment Components CMLV.

Exports of Plastic & Rubber Articles in South Africa increased to 1739.09 ZAR Million in March from 1626.60 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Plastic & Rubber Articles in South Africa averaged 1528.57 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2005.67 ZAR Million in February of 2019 and a record low of 865.51 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Plastic & Rubber Articles.

Exports of Plastics & Rubber CMLV in South Africa increased to 4849.04 ZAR Million in March from 3122.78 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Plastics & Rubber CMLV in South Africa averaged 9476.78 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 20766.44 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 855.76 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Plastics & Rubber using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Plastics & Rubber CMLV.

Exports of Precious Metals in South Africa increased to 25591.49 ZAR Million in March from 21916.46 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Precious Metals in South Africa averaged 16266.84 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 25591.49 ZAR Million in March of 2020 and a record low of 9160.76 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Precious Metals.

Exports of Precious Metals CMLV in South Africa increased to 69543.06 ZAR Million in March from 44403.13 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Precious Metals CMLV in South Africa averaged 95330.43 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 217821.31 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 9160.76 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Precious Metals using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Precious Metals CMLV.

Exports of Precision Instruments CMLV in South Africa increased to 2113.53 ZAR Million in March from 1463.71 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Precision Instruments CMLV in South Africa averaged 3315.45 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 7384.28 ZAR Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 317.66 ZAR Million in January of 2017. South Africa accounts for Exports of Precision Instruments using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Precision Instruments CMLV.

Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa increased to 3490.92 ZAR Million in March from 2608.19 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa averaged 2920.53 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4194.88 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 1704.27 ZAR Million in January of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco.

Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa increased to 8211.67 ZAR Million in March from 4721.24 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa averaged 17455.80 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 39028.74 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1704.27 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV.

Exports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 5319.37 ZAR Million in March from 3850.41 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 8821.04 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 20105.60 ZAR Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 846.05 ZAR Million in January of 2019. South Africa accounts for Exports of Pulp of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Pulp of Wood CMLV.

Exports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa decreased to 218.71 ZAR Million in March from 236.74 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa averaged 323.27 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 452.29 ZAR Million in February of 2015 and a record low of 162.35 ZAR Million in January of 2019. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins.

Exports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa increased to 1203.57 ZAR Million in March from 1151.43 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa averaged 847.24 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1373.86 ZAR Million in November of 2019 and a record low of 431.68 ZAR Million in July of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Textiles & Textile Products.

Exports of Textiles & Textiles Articles CMLV in South Africa increased to 3169.32 ZAR Million in March from 1966.43 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Textiles & Textiles Articles CMLV in South Africa averaged 4956.25 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 11826.86 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 459.98 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Textiles & Textiles Articles using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Textiles & Textiles Articles CMLV.

Exports of Transport Equipment CMLV in South Africa increased to 35409.53 ZAR Million in March from 20677.28 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Transport Equipment CMLV in South Africa averaged 63664.11 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 162755.07 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 4834.33 ZAR Million in January of 2018. South Africa accounts for Exports of Transport Equipment using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Transport Equipment CMLV.

Exports of Vegetable Products in South Africa increased to 5893.59 ZAR Million in March from 5286.37 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Vegetable Products in South Africa averaged 4470.80 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 8298.46 ZAR Million in July of 2018 and a record low of 1800.62 ZAR Million in November of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Vegetable Products.

Exports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa increased to 15936.77 ZAR Million in March from 10050.24 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa averaged 27846.27 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 61042.39 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 2816.78 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Vegetable Products using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Vegetable Products CMLV.

Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 1402.32 ZAR Million in March from 837.81 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 2649.17 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5907.25 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 231.93 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV.

Exports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa decreased to 1469.83 ZAR Million in March from 1976.95 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa averaged 1477.56 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2105.93 ZAR Million in August of 2016 and a record low of 623.79 ZAR Million in February of 2019. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products.

Exports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa increased to 564.84 ZAR Million in March from 432.94 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa averaged 427.34 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 665.93 ZAR Million in November of 2018 and a record low of 216.74 ZAR Million in August of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Wood & Wood Products.

Exports of Works of Art & Antiques in South Africa decreased to 82.88 ZAR Million in March from 136.29 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Works of Art & Antiques in South Africa averaged 86.80 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 463.78 ZAR Million in March of 2017 and a record low of 28.40 ZAR Million in May of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Works of Art & Antiques.

Exports of Works of Art CMLV in South Africa increased to 305.30 ZAR Million in March from 222.42 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Exports of Works of Art CMLV in South Africa averaged 530.99 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 1438.03 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 31.20 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Exports of Works of Art using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Exports of Works of Art CMLV.

Imports of Works of Art CMLV in South Africa increased to 104.18 ZAR Million in March from 74.06 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Works of Art CMLV in South Africa averaged 329.92 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 778.54 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 17.44 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Works of Art using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Works of Art CMLV.

Imports of Works of Art & Antiques in South Africa decreased to 30.11 ZAR Million in March from 33.65 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Works of Art & Antiques in South Africa averaged 51.08 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 209.99 ZAR Million in November of 2016 and a record low of 7.30 ZAR Million in September of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Works of Art & Antiques.

Imports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa decreased to 295.90 ZAR Million in March from 349.88 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Wood & Wood Products in South Africa averaged 319.06 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 487.71 ZAR Million in January of 2019 and a record low of 176.34 ZAR Million in December of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Wood & Wood Products.

Imports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa decreased to 2195.04 ZAR Million in March from 2770.94 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products in South Africa averaged 1943.22 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3987.84 ZAR Million in November of 2019 and a record low of 1030.39 ZAR Million in April of 2017. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Wood Pulp Paper & Paper Products.

Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 999.30 ZAR Million in March from 703.80 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 2129.15 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4000.33 ZAR Million in December of 2015 and a record low of 351.24 ZAR Million in January of 2018. South Africa accounts for Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Wood & Articles of Wood CMLV.

Imports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa increased to 6219.48 ZAR Million in March from 3456.92 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Vegetable Products CMLV in South Africa averaged 13082.20 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 32299.66 ZAR Million in December of 2016 and a record low of 1300.71 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Vegetable Products using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Vegetable Products CMLV.

Imports of Vegetable Products in South Africa increased to 2765.60 ZAR Million in March from 1876.72 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Vegetable Products in South Africa averaged 2048.16 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3662.67 ZAR Million in September of 2019 and a record low of 1203.22 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Vegetable Products.

Imports of Transport Equipment CMLV in South Africa increased to 24309.21 ZAR Million in March from 16473.39 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Transport Equipment CMLV in South Africa averaged 57885.49 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 115212.22 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 7714.29 ZAR Million in January of 2017. South Africa accounts for Imports of Transport Equipment using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Transport Equipment CMLV.

Imports of Textiles & Textiles Articles CMLV in South Africa increased to 10172.91 ZAR Million in March from 7691.05 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Textiles & Textiles Articles CMLV in South Africa averaged 19938.12 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 40660.12 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 2792.79 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Textiles & Textiles Articles using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Textiles & Textiles Articles CMLV.

Imports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa decreased to 2481.28 ZAR Million in March from 3978.95 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Textiles & Textile Products in South Africa averaged 3090.28 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 4306.87 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 1958.84 ZAR Million in December of 2016. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Textiles & Textile Products.

Imports of Semi-precious Stones & Jewellery in South Africa decreased to 498.15 ZAR Million in March from 757.05 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Semi-precious Stones & Jewellery in South Africa averaged 733.38 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 2037.70 ZAR Million in August of 2016 and a record low of 286.25 ZAR Million in December of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Semi-precious Stones & Jewellery.

Imports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa decreased to 158.46 ZAR Million in March from 271.24 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins in South Africa averaged 328.80 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 477.07 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 158.46 ZAR Million in March of 2020. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Raw Hides Skins Leather & Furskins.

Imports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa increased to 8239.12 ZAR Million in March from 6044.13 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Pulp of Wood CMLV in South Africa averaged 11411.21 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 36339.27 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1271.84 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Pulp of Wood using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Pulp of Wood CMLV.

Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa increased to 7844.80 ZAR Million in March from 5232.91 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV in South Africa averaged 15470.38 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 33740.12 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 2037.38 ZAR Million in January of 2016. South Africa accounts for Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs CMLV.

Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa increased to 2612.43 ZAR Million in March from 2292.20 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco in South Africa averaged 2502.29 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 3674.84 ZAR Million in October of 2019 and a record low of 1707.09 ZAR Million in June of 2014. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Prepared Foodstuffs Beverages & Tobacco.

Imports of Precision Instruments CMLV in South Africa increased to 8010.69 ZAR Million in March from 5243.68 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Precision Instruments CMLV in South Africa averaged 16140.72 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 34031.98 ZAR Million in December of 2019 and a record low of 1968.03 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Precision Instruments using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Precision Instruments CMLV.

Imports of Precious Metals CMLV in South Africa increased to 2501.15 ZAR Million in March from 2002.85 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Precious Metals CMLV in South Africa averaged 4601.83 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 13119.26 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 347.46 ZAR Million in January of 2015. South Africa accounts for Imports of Precious Metals using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Precious Metals CMLV.

Imports of Plastics & Rubber CMLV in South Africa increased to 11709.39 ZAR Million in March from 8023.93 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Plastics & Rubber CMLV in South Africa averaged 25745.93 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 53991.18 ZAR Million in December of 2018 and a record low of 3897.43 ZAR Million in January of 2016. South Africa accounts for Imports of Plastics & Rubber using cumulative values for each year (CMLV). This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Plastics & Rubber CMLV.

Imports of Plastic & Rubber Articles in South Africa increased to 3685.54 ZAR Million in March from 3645.15 ZAR Million in February of 2020. Imports of Plastic & Rubber Articles in South Africa averaged 4053.50 ZAR Million from 2014 until 2020, reaching an all time high of 5245.29 ZAR Million in October of 2018 and a record low of 3104.16 ZAR Million in December of 2015. This page includes a chart with historical data for South Africa Imports of Plastic & Rubber Articles.