Vesicoureteral reflux is recognized as an important risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infection and renal scarring. Less is known about the contribution of other risk factors to these outcomes.

This study found that information about vesicoureteral reflux and bladder and bowel dysfunction can be used to identify children at low, medium, and high risk of recurrent urinary tract infection, information that clinicians could use to select children for specific preventive therapies. (Read the full article)

Tonsillectomy guidelines make evidence-based recommendations for the perioperative use of dexamethasone, no routine use of antibiotics, and discharge education of families and for surgeons to monitor bleeding complication rates. The impact of the guidelines on processes and outcomes is unknown.

The guidelines were associated with improvement in perioperative care processes but no improvement in outcomes. Perioperative dexamethasone use increased slightly, and antibiotic use decreased substantially. Bleeding rates were stable, but revisit rates for complications increased because of revisits for pain. (Read the full article)

Weak recommendations exist to guide emergent neuroimaging decisions in children with first, unprovoked seizures. The prevalence of and risk factors associated with clinically relevant abnormalities on neuroimaging have not been well defined in prospective studies.

Clinically relevant intracranial abnormalities on neuroimaging occur in 11% of children with first, unprovoked seizures. Emergent/urgent abnormalities, however, occur in <1%, suggesting that most of these children do not require emergent neuroimaging. Specific clinical findings identify patients at higher risk. (Read the full article)

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in adolescence is increasing. E-cigarette use has been associated with cigarette use, but there has been little study of other psychosocial risk factors for e-cigarette use and their relationship with cigarette use.

Approval and use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among friends and family were strongly associated with cigarette and e-cigarette use in a cohort of adolescents in southern California. (Read the full article)

Infants born very prematurely or with a very low birth weight are known to have an increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Results concerning late preterm children are controversial and studies examining fetal growth represented by weight for gestational age are scarce.

We demonstrate that each declining week of gestation increases the risk of ADHD. Also, late preterm infants have an increased risk. Furthermore, as weight for gestational age becomes smaller than 1 SD below the mean, the risk of ADHD increases. (Read the full article)

Subjective social status (SSS), a person’s sense of their or their family’s position in the socioeconomic hierarchy, is strongly related to adult health but is not a robust predictor of adolescent health. Developmental trajectories of SSS underlying this discrepancy are unknown.

Five SSS trajectories are present in adolescence/emerging adulthood. Four stably reflect objective socioeconomic status. The fifth represents a subset of socially disadvantaged youth with "rose-colored glasses" early on. Lower SSS and membership in the fifth trajectory increase health risk. (Read the full article)

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis has high morbidity and mortality, and it frequently affects children aged <5 years.

In California, children who were US-born, Hispanic, and aged <5 years were at increased risk of CNS tuberculosis. Children with CNS tuberculosis were more likely to die. Specific populations of US-born infants might benefit from additional prevention measures. (Read the full article)

European champions the Netherlands opened qualifying with a dramatic defeat of Norway as Iceland shocked Germany before being held themselves in October's fixtures.

There has been a distinct trend of consolidation among private medical schemes in South Africa, according to an actuarial specialist at Alexander Forbes.

There's something distinctly un-sexy about the BFA Index by sector.

The furore surrounding the arrival of over 200 Cuban medical doctors in South Africa to fight the coronavirus has highlighted a failure on the part of the SA government to explain the nature and drivers of our country’s relationship with Cuba, says Mills Soko.

La fièvre des élections s’empare de l’Afrique centrale. Pour la seconde fois depuis la fin des guerres qui ont dévasté la région, les scrutins s’enchaînent au Burundi, au Rwanda, en République centrafricaine et au Congo.

Election fever has spread across Central Africa. For the second time since the end of the disastrous civil wars in the region, electoral processes have been launched in Burundi, Rwanda, Central African Republic and the Congo.

Después de 28 años bajo el gobierno de Paul Biya, Camerún se encuentra en una situación de inestabilidad grave que no sólo podría echar a perder las próximas elecciones presidenciales en 2011, sino que también pone en riesgo su papel como principal pilar de estabilidad en África Central.

Dans de nombreux pays, le pétrole suscite des débats controversés sur son rôle de moteur de changements économiques, sociaux et géopolitiques. Depuis quelques années, les réflexions sur la question du pétrole ont démontré une corrélation négative entre son exploitation, le développement socioéconomique, la gouvernance et le regain des conflits dans les pays producteurs.

In numerous countries, the exploitation of oil has generated debate about its economic, social and geopolitical consequences.

Burundi risks reversing the decade of progress it has enjoyed since its civil war ended unless the government resumes political dialogue with the opposition.

Faced with the dilemma of respecting the constitutional deadline and organising botched elections, or ignoring that deadline and sliding into a situation of unconstitutional power, the Congolese authorities have chosen the first option.

On 15 June 2011 the Congolese Parliament adopted, after nearly three months of de-bate, the new electoral law. The Senate, or upper house, controlled by the opposition, and the National Assembly, or lower house, controlled by the ruling coalition, both voted for an electoral law which ultimately remains very similar to that governing the 2006 elections. Parliament took three months of debate to reject most of the amend-ments proposed by the ruling party (PPRD). In doing so it demonstrated that the ex-ecutive could not simply trump its interests.

The technical preparations for the presidential and legislative elections scheduled on 28 November and the beginning of the electoral campaign in the East of Congo have generated suspicion that risks developing into a crisis of confidence in the whole electoral process.

Probiotics might provide an alternative approach for the control of oral candidiasis. However, studies on the antifungal activity of probiotics in the oral cavity are based on the consumption of yogurt or other dietary products, and there is a necessary to use appropriate biomaterials and specific strains to obtain probiotic formulations targeting local oral administration. In this study, we impregnated gellan gum, a natural biopolymer used as a food-additive, with a probiotic and investigated its antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Lactobacillus paracasei 28.4, a strain recently isolated from the oral cavity of a caries-free individual, was incorporated in several concentrations of gellan gum (0.6% to 1%). All tested concentrations could incorporate L. paracasei cells while maintaining bacterial viability. Probiotic/gellan formulations were stable for 7 days when stored at room temperature or 4°C. Long-term storage of bacteria-impregnated gellan gum was achieved when L. paracasei 28.4 was lyophilized. The probiotic/gellan formulations provided a release of L. paracasei cells over 24 hours that was sufficient to inhibit the growth of C. albicans with effects dependent on the cell concentrations incorporated into gellan gum. The probiotic/gellan formulations also had inhibitory activity against Candida spp. biofilms by reducing the number of Candida spp. cells (p < 0.0001), decreasing the total biomass (p = 0.0003), and impairing hyphae formation (p = 0.0002), compared to the control group which received no treatment. Interestingly, probiotic formulation of 1% w/v gellan gum provided an oral colonization of L. paracasei in mice with approximately 6 log of CFU/mL after 10 days. This formulation inhibited the C. albicans growth (p < 0.0001), prevented the development of candidiasis lesions (p = 0.0013), and suppressed inflammation (p = 0.0006) when compared to the mice not treated in the microscopic analysis of the tongue dorsum. These results indicate that gellan gum is a promising biomaterial and can be used as a carrier system to promote oral colonization for probiotics that prevent oral candidiasis.

Trivantis Lectora Inspire is more expensive than fellow Editors' Choice pick Articulate Storyline 2. With that said, it's still worth checking out as it is a very powerful eLearning authoring tool.

Michelle R. Darnell, associate clinical professor in management and director of honor and integrity at Smeal, has been appointed as the inaugural director of the Tarriff Center for Business Ethics and Social Responsibility.

Beth E. Michalec, lecturer of corporate communication at Penn State Lehigh Valley, earned a doctorate in rhetoric from Duquesne University. Michalec was selected as a Fulbright specialist in June 2019 by the U.S. Department of State.

Penn State Campus Recreation is now offering a library of more than 50 workouts online through YouTube as well as live classes that are held every business day on the Penn State Campus Recreation Instagram. Group fitness instructor Alexis "Lexi" Neimeyer talked about her experience on the transition to virtual fitness classes.

John Penders
Aug 1, 2006; 118:511-521
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David S. Freedman
Jun 1, 1999; 103:1175-1182
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Two-factor authentication, or 2FA, is becoming increasingly common, but one reader points out that it seems easy to get around its protection. Is he right? Security expert Max Eddy takes a look.

Eight Penn State Health doctors have been named among the Pennsylvania Medical Society's "Top Physicians Under 40."

Switzerland, England, Spain, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands and France extended their 100% starts.

JooYoung Seo, a doctoral candidate in the College of Education’s Learning, Design, and Technology program, has secured a highly competitive internship with RStudio that will allow him to help people just like himself — those with severe visual impairments.

All three property sectors – residential, commercial and industrial – are currently experiencing a so-called buyers’ market in the Western Cape, says David Maynier, Western Cape Minister of Finance and Economic Opportunities.

The Delaware State Housing Authority (DSHA) will be holding a free Small Business Contractor Forum on Thursday, September 5, 2013 from 9:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m. at the Liberty Court Community Building, 1289 Walker Road in Dover.

The Flo by Moen Smart Water Detector will let you know when something in your house has sprung a leak, and when used with the Flo Smart Water Shutoff valve, it will prevent further damage by turning off your water supply.

It only weighs 235 grams, runs for two hours on a full charge, offers a screen size of up to 84-inches, and doubles as a mobile charger.

The tiny AAXA HD Pico Projector has a respectable resolution and good image quality, yet its low brightness and bare-bones features make it best for light-duty use.

This already award-winning projector is half the size of the competition and can sit on the floor, be mounted on a wall, or attached to a ceiling.

AAXA's P300 Neo Pico Projector offers easy packability, long battery life, and flexible connectivity, making it a top pick for frequent travelers.

The AAXA P6 Pico Projector is a highly portable model that's best just for text presentations; it showed color-balance issues in our testing.

The AAXA P2-B Pico Projector is a low-cost, highly portable projector with a good built-in media player, but its image quality for both data and video could be better.

The highly portable Epson EX3260 delivers solid data-image quality and very good video quality in a projector that's a fine fit for offices and schools.

The Sony MP-CD1 Mobile Projector is a stylish, phone-size mini-projector with a built-in battery. It delivers good overall image quality at a somewhat steep price.

What's thin, light, and bright, with 1080p resolution? Epson's PowerLite 1795F Wireless Full HD 1080p 3LCD Projector, a highly portable model good with data-heavy images and excellent with video, but packing soft audio.

Sitting the second-generation CineBeam Laser 4K project two inches away from a wall allows for a 90-inch display to be projected. However, increasing the wall distance to seven inches allows the screen size to grow to 120-inches. Expect to see it on display at CES 2019.

The AAXA P7 Mini HD Projector is a tiny 1080p model good for business presentations on the road, and it does a decent job at showing video and photos, as well as playing music.

Projectors have evolved in recent years, adding features like 3D and support for higher-resolution input. Here's an overview of our latest lab tests, designed with today's projector innovations in mind.

These days, home projectors can do much more than show off photos from your latest vacation. Whether you're gaming, working, or watching home movies, here's how to find the right model, plus our top picks.

The Kodak Luma 150 is a tiny, highly portable projector that can show content from a range of sources, both wired and wireless, but its brightness is low enough to crimp image size.